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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

A política nacional de habitação e a localização espacial dos empreendimentos do programa Minha Casa Minha Vida em Porto Alegre/RS

Escobar, Fernanda de Bittencourt January 2017 (has links)
A livre atuação do mercado imobiliário estratifica o espaço urbano de acordo com as características socioeconômicas de seus habitantes. Essa estratificação social, na sua representação espacial, restringe as possibilidades locacionais de moradia das populações de baixa renda, o que gera dificuldades de localização em áreas com amplo acesso a equipamentos, comércio e serviços. Se o funcionamento do mercado cria tais restrições, cabe ao Estado regular esse funcionamento, organizando a distribuição espacial das populações. Esse trabalho analisa a atual política pública de provisão de moradias, a Política Nacional de Habitação, com foco na localização das habitações produzidas para a população de baixa renda, através do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, com estudo de caso no município de Porto Alegre. O estudo é desenvolvido em três etapas: iniciou-se pela análise comparativa dos objetivos da Política e do Programa com base nas normativas legais e de suas publicações oficiais, em relação aos conceitos para avaliação de políticas públicas apresentados por Sartori (1981), Clapham (2005) e Alvim e Castro (2010). Em seguida, desenvolveu-se o estudo de casos dos empreendimentos do Programa, edificados no município de Porto Alegre, analisando as suas localizações em relação a equipamentos, comércio, serviços e rede de transportes, de acordo com a metodologia desenvolvida pelo LabCidade et. al. (2014), cuja avaliação baseou-se nos critérios de localização conceituados segundo Cardoso (2001) e Villaça (1998). E por fim, analisouse os resultados das etapas anteriores, vinculando as localizações produzidas a formulação do Programa e da Política. / The free acting of the real estate market stratifies the urban space according to the inhabitants socioeconomic characteristics. This social stratification, in its spatial representation, restricts the locational possibilities of housing for the low income populations, which generates difficulties of location in urban areas with wide access to equipments, commerce and services. If the functioning of the market creates such restrictions, it is up to the State to regulate this functioning by organizing the spatial distribution of its population. This study analyzes the current public housing policy, the National Housing Policy, focused on the location of housing produced for the low income population through the Minha Casa Minha Vida Program, with a study case in the city of Porto Alegre. The study is developed in three stages: it began with the comparative analysis of the objectives of the Policy and the Program based on legal norms and its official publications, in relation to the concepts for evaluation of public policies presented by Sartori (1981), Clapham (2005) and Alvim and Castro (2010). Next, the study case of the projects developed in the city of Porto Alegre was created, analyzing their locations in relation to equipment, commerce, services and mobility network, according to the methodology developed by LabCidade et. al. (2014), whose evaluation was based on the location criteria according to Cardoso (2001) and Villaça (1998). And finally, the results of the previous stages linking the locations to the Program and Policy formulation.
12

A política nacional de habitação e a localização espacial dos empreendimentos do programa Minha Casa Minha Vida em Porto Alegre/RS

Escobar, Fernanda de Bittencourt January 2017 (has links)
A livre atuação do mercado imobiliário estratifica o espaço urbano de acordo com as características socioeconômicas de seus habitantes. Essa estratificação social, na sua representação espacial, restringe as possibilidades locacionais de moradia das populações de baixa renda, o que gera dificuldades de localização em áreas com amplo acesso a equipamentos, comércio e serviços. Se o funcionamento do mercado cria tais restrições, cabe ao Estado regular esse funcionamento, organizando a distribuição espacial das populações. Esse trabalho analisa a atual política pública de provisão de moradias, a Política Nacional de Habitação, com foco na localização das habitações produzidas para a população de baixa renda, através do Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, com estudo de caso no município de Porto Alegre. O estudo é desenvolvido em três etapas: iniciou-se pela análise comparativa dos objetivos da Política e do Programa com base nas normativas legais e de suas publicações oficiais, em relação aos conceitos para avaliação de políticas públicas apresentados por Sartori (1981), Clapham (2005) e Alvim e Castro (2010). Em seguida, desenvolveu-se o estudo de casos dos empreendimentos do Programa, edificados no município de Porto Alegre, analisando as suas localizações em relação a equipamentos, comércio, serviços e rede de transportes, de acordo com a metodologia desenvolvida pelo LabCidade et. al. (2014), cuja avaliação baseou-se nos critérios de localização conceituados segundo Cardoso (2001) e Villaça (1998). E por fim, analisouse os resultados das etapas anteriores, vinculando as localizações produzidas a formulação do Programa e da Política. / The free acting of the real estate market stratifies the urban space according to the inhabitants socioeconomic characteristics. This social stratification, in its spatial representation, restricts the locational possibilities of housing for the low income populations, which generates difficulties of location in urban areas with wide access to equipments, commerce and services. If the functioning of the market creates such restrictions, it is up to the State to regulate this functioning by organizing the spatial distribution of its population. This study analyzes the current public housing policy, the National Housing Policy, focused on the location of housing produced for the low income population through the Minha Casa Minha Vida Program, with a study case in the city of Porto Alegre. The study is developed in three stages: it began with the comparative analysis of the objectives of the Policy and the Program based on legal norms and its official publications, in relation to the concepts for evaluation of public policies presented by Sartori (1981), Clapham (2005) and Alvim and Castro (2010). Next, the study case of the projects developed in the city of Porto Alegre was created, analyzing their locations in relation to equipment, commerce, services and mobility network, according to the methodology developed by LabCidade et. al. (2014), whose evaluation was based on the location criteria according to Cardoso (2001) and Villaça (1998). And finally, the results of the previous stages linking the locations to the Program and Policy formulation.
13

Reakce sýkor koňader (Parus major) na obraz v zrcadle / Reactions of great tits (Parus major) to a mirror image

Forštová, Tereza January 2017 (has links)
Self-recognition is commonlly taken as a higher ability and it was previously considered to be exclusive to spieces who are cognitively more capable, as humans or apes. However during years other animal species with no expectancy of this ability were tested, such as elephants and cetaceans, and even there the signs of self-recognition were found. The most common test for self-recognition is the mark test. The animal is marked with none-olfactoric and none-tactile mark somewhere on the part of its body which can not be seen without mirror. If the subject recognizes itself in the mirror, it will try to wipe out the mark of its body with help of the mirror image. In our experiment we used great tit (Parus major) as a testing species and three types of mirror tests were carried our. Except the fact that great tits are able to succesfully learn to use the mirror image to search hidden food, we found no evidence of self-recognition in mark test. Therefore we believe that this passerine species is not capable of this type of self-recognition.
14

Augmented Reality through Various Sensory Channels and its Application to Orientation and Spatial Localization Processes

Muñoz Montoya, Francisco Miguel 31 July 2023 (has links)
Tesis por compendio / [ES] Esta tesis se centra en explotar las posibilidades de la Realidad Aumentada (RA) basada en SLAM (localización y mapeo simultáneos) para la evaluación de la memoria espacial. El objetivo principal fue desarrollar nuevas técnicas de localización en interiores en el ámbito de la RA, aprovechando los avances tecnológicos, y validarlas mediante la construcción de frameworks y aplicaciones orientadas a la evaluación de la capacidad de localización espacial en adultos; y estudiar el aumento perceptivo en los canales visual y táctil. En esta tesis, para cumplir con este objetivo principal, se desarrolló un framework para el desarrollo de aplicaciones de autor para utilizar en el estudio de la memoria espacial aprovechando la RA basada en SLAM. Nuestro framework permite utilizar diferentes motores/SDKs de RA. Existen diferentes interfaces incorporadas en el framework a través de las cuales se puede acceder a los diferentes módulos de RA. Esto permite un uso modular e independiente del motor de RA para los desarrolladores. El funcionamiento general de las aplicaciones desarrolladas en esta tesis consta de tres fases. En una primera fase, el supervisor selecciona el número de objetos virtuales a memorizar y los propios objetos virtuales, que coloca en los lugares deseados del entorno. En la segunda fase, el usuario recorre el entorno y memoriza las ubicaciones de los objetos virtuales en el entorno real. En la tercera fase, el usuario debe colocar los objetos virtuales en las ubicaciones que tenían en la fase anterior. Hasta donde sabemos, este es el primer trabajo que utiliza la RA basada en SLAM para la evaluación de la memoria espacial, implicando el movimiento físico del usuario, y considerando estímulos visuales y táctiles. Para la validación, se realizaron tres estudios centrados en investigar la viabilidad del uso de las aplicaciones en entornos de pequeñas y grandes dimensiones, así como el uso de estímulos visuales y táctiles. El rendimiento de nuestras aplicaciones se comparó con los métodos tradicionales. También se evaluaron las variables subjetivas. En el primer estudio (N=55) se consideraron los estímulos visuales y los entornos de pequeñas dimensiones. Los participantes se dividieron en dos grupos: ARGroup (memorización mediante RA) y el NoARGroup (memorizaron mirando fotografías). El segundo estudio (N=46) consideró los estímulos visuales y los entornos de grandes dimensiones. Se evaluó el rendimiento de los participantes en una tarea verbal de recuerdo de objetos, una tarea de colocación en mapas y una tarea de orientación espacial con lápiz y papel. También se evaluó la importancia de las distintas estrategias espaciales de orientación y los niveles de ansiedad. En el tercer estudio (N=53) se comparó el rendimiento con estímulos visuales y táctiles y se utilizaron entornos de pequeñas dimensiones. Del desarrollo y de los tres estudios realizados se extrajeron las siguientes conclusiones generales: 1) La RA basada en SLAM es adecuada para desarrollar tareas de evaluación de la memoria espacial, pudiéndose utilizar en cualquier entorno y sin necesidad de añadir elementos reales al entorno para su registro; 2) Las aplicaciones desarrolladas en esta tesis permiten la personalización de la tarea y el almacenamiento de las variables de rendimiento; 3) Estas aplicaciones han permitido una evaluación ecológica; 4) Estas aplicaciones y otras herramientas similares podrían utilizarse para evaluar y entrenar la memoria espacial como alternativa a los métodos tradicionales; 5) Los estímulos táctiles son estímulos válidos que pueden beneficiar la evaluación de la memoria de las asociaciones táctiles-espaciales, pero la memoria de las asociaciones visuales-espaciales es dominante; 6) Las aplicaciones desarrolladas en esta tesis y otras herramientas similares podrían ayudar en el diagnóstico de las alteraciones de la memoria espacial. / [CA] Aquesta tesi se centra en explotar les possibilitats de la Realitat Augmentada (RA) basada en SLAM (localització i mapeig simultanis) per a l'avaluació de la memòria espacial. L'objectiu principal va ser desenvolupar noves tècniques de localització en interiors en l'àmbit de la RA, aprofitant els avanços tecnològics, i validarles mitjançant la construcció de frameworks i aplicacions orientades a l'avaluació de la capacitat de localització espacial en adults; i estudiar l'augment perceptiu en els canals visual i tàctil. En aquesta tesi, per a complir amb aquest objectiu principal, es va desenvolupar un framework per al desenvolupament d'aplicacions d'autor per a utilitzar en l'estudi de la memòria espacial aprofitant la RA basada en SLAM. El nostre framework permet utilitzar diferents motors/SDKs de RA. Hi ha diferents interfícies incorporades en el framework a través de les quals es poden connectar els diferents mòduls de RA. Això permet un ús modular i independent del motor de RA per als desenvolupadors. El funcionament general de les aplicacions desenvolupades en aquesta tesi consta de tres fases. En una primera fase, el supervisor selecciona el nombre d'objectes virtuals a memoritzar i els propis objectes virtuals, que col·loca en els llocs desitjats de l'entorn. En la segona fase, l'usuari recorre l'entorn i memoritza les ubicacions dels objectes virtuals en l'entorn real. En la tercera fase, l'usuari ha de col·locar els objectes virtuals en les ubicacions que tenien en la fase anterior. Fins on sabem, aquest és el primer treball que utilitza la RA basada en SLAM per a l'avaluació de la memòria espacial, implicant el moviment físic de l'usuari, i considerant estímuls visuals i tàctils. Per a la validació, es van realitzar tres estudis centrats en estudiar la viabilitat de l'ús de les aplicacions en entorns de xicotetes i grans dimensions, així com l'ús d'estímuls visuals i tàctils. El rendiment de les nostres aplicacions es va comparar amb els mètodes tradicionals. També es van avaluar les variables subjectives. En el primer estudi (N=55) es van considerar els estímuls visuals i els entorns de xicotetes dimensions. Els participants es van dividir en dos grups: ARGroup (memorització mitjançant RA) i el NoARGroup (memorització mirant fotografies). El segon estudi (N=46) va tindre en compte els estímuls visuals i els entorns de grans dimensions. Es va avaluar el rendiment dels participants en una tasca verbal de record d'objectes, una tasca de col·locació en mapes i una tasca d'orientació espacial amb llapis i paper. També es va avaluar la importància de les diferents estratègies espacials d'orientació i els nivells d'ansietat. En el tercer estudi (N=53) es va comparar el rendiment amb estímuls visuals i tàctils i es van utilitzar entorns de xicotetes dimensions. Del desenvolupament i dels tres estudis realitzats es van extraure les següents conclusions generals: 1) La RA basada en SLAM és adequada per a desenvolupar tasques d'avaluació de la memòria espacial, podent-se utilitzar en qualsevol entorn i sense necessitat d'afegir elements reals a l'entorn per al seu registre; 2) Les aplicacions desenvolupades en aquesta tesi permeten la personalització de la tasca i l'emmagatzematge de les variables de rendiment; 3) Aquestes aplicacions han permés una avaluació ecològica; 4) Aquestes aplicacions i altres ferramentes similars podrien utilitzar-se per a avaluar i entrenar la memòria espacial com a alternativa als mètodes tradicionals; 5) Els estímuls tàctils són estímuls vàlids que poden beneficiar l'avaluació de la memoria de les associacions tàctils-espacials, però la memòria de les associacions visualsespacials és dominant; 6) Les aplicacions desenvolupades en aquesta tesi i altres ferramentes similars podrien ajudar en el diagnòstic de les alteracions de la memòria espacial. / [EN] This thesis focuses on exploiting the possibilities of Augmented Reality (AR) based on SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) for the assessment of spatial memory. The main objective was to develop new indoor localization techniques in the field of AR, taking advantage of technological advances, and to validate them by building frameworks and applications oriented to the assessment of spatial location ability in adults; and studying perceptual augmentation in the visual and tactile channels. In this thesis, to fulfill this main objective, a framework was developed for the development of author applications to use in the study of spatial memory taking advantage of AR based on SLAM. Our framework enables using different AR engines or SDKs. There are different interfaces incorporated in the framework through which the different AR modules can be connected. This enables a modular and independent use of the AR engine for developers. The general functioning of the applications developed in this thesis consists of three phases. In a first phase, the supervisor selects the number of virtual objects to be memorized and the virtual objects themselves, which she/he places at desired locations in the environment. In the second phase, the user walks through the environment and memorizes the locations of the virtual objects in the real environment. In the third phase, the user must place the virtual objects in the locations they were in the previous phase. To our knowledge, this is the first work using SLAM-based AR for the assessment of spatial memory, involving physical movement of the user, and considering visual and tactile stimuli. For the validation, three studies were carried out that focused on studying the feasibility of using the applications in small and large environments, as well as the use of visual and tactile stimuli. The performance of our applications was compared with traditional methods. Subjective variables were also assessed. The first study considered visual stimulus and small environments. This study involved 55 users. Participants were divided into two groups: ARGroup (participants memorized the location of virtual objects in the real world in a memorization phase using AR) and the NoARGroup (participants memorized the location of virtual objects by looking at photographs of the augmented environment using the device). The second study considered visual stimulus and large environments. This study involved 46 young adults. The participants had to go through a two-story building and memorize the position of a total of eight virtual objects. Participants' performance was also evaluated in a verbal object recall task, a pencil and paper spatial orientation task and a map-pointing task. The importance of different spatial strategies for orientation and anxiety levels were also evaluated. The third study compared the performance using visual versus tactile stimuli and used small environments. This study involved 53 subjects. The participants were divided into two groups: Visual, which used visual stimuli, and Tactile, which used tactile stimuli. The following general conclusions were extracted from the development and the three studies carried out: 1) SLAM-based AR is suitable for developing spatial memory assessment tasks, working in any environment and without the need to add real objects to the environment for registration; 2) The applications developed in this thesis allow task customization and storage of performance variables; 3) These applications have allowed an ecological assessment; 4) These applications and similar tools could be used to assess and train spatial memory as an alternative to traditional methods; 5) Tactile stimuli are valid stimuli that can help the assessment of memory of tactile-spatial associations, but memory of visual-spatial associations is dominant; 6) The applications developed in this thesis and similar tools could help in the diagnosis of spatial memory impairments. / Muñoz Montoya, FM. (2023). Augmented Reality through Various Sensory Channels and its Application to Orientation and Spatial Localization Processes [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/195733 / Compendio

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