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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

幼児の空間定位における知覚的過程と概念的過程

杉村, 伸一郎, Sugimura, Shinichiro 12 1900 (has links)
国立情報学研究所で電子化したコンテンツを使用している。
2

Adaptation aux changements induits aux indices spectraux de l’audition spatiale chez l’humain.

Aubrais, Valérie 09 1900 (has links)
Dans le cas de perte auditive, la localisation spatiale est amoindrie et vient entraver la compréhension de la parole et ce, malgré le port de prothèses auditives. La présente étude modifie la forme de l’oreille externe d’individus à l’aide de silicone afin d’induire des changements aux indices spectraux (HRTFs), similaires à ceux causés par des prothèses auditives, et d’explorer les mécanismes perceptifs (visuel, spectral, ou tactile) permettant d’alterner d’un nouvel ensemble à l’ensemble originel de HRTFs une fois les prothèses enlevées. Les résultats démontrent que les participants s’adaptent aux nouveaux HRTFs à l’intérieur de quatre séances d’entraînement. Dès le retrait des prothèses, les participants reviennent à leur performance originale. Il n’est pas possible de conclure avec les données présentes si le changement d’un ensemble de HRTFs à un autre est influencé par un des mécanismes de rétroaction perceptuelle étudié. L’adaptation aux prothèses perdure jusqu’à quatre semaines après leur retrait. / Spatial hearing contributes greatly to speech understanding in noisy environments. Hearing aids disturb all of the acoustic cues necessary for accurate sound localization and thus negate some of their benefits. This study addressed behavioral adaptation to changes in auditory spatial cues caused by changes similar to those induced by hearing aids. Spectral cues (HRTFs) were distorted by changing the shape of the outer ear with silicon molds. The present experiment was aimed at determining the perceptual modalities (visual, spectral or tactile) that might enable the switch from the modified to the original HRTFs once the molds were removed. Results indicate that participants were able to adapt within four training sessions. Participants immediately showed accurate sound localization when ear molds were removed. It was not possible to conclude whether the perceptual feedbacks had a major impact on the choice of the correct set of HRTFs to use. Adaptation to the modified HRTFs lasted weeks after their removal.
3

Adaptation aux changements induits aux indices spectraux de l’audition spatiale chez l’humain

Aubrais, Valérie 09 1900 (has links)
No description available.
4

TUNING OPTOELECTRONIC PROPERTIES OF III-V ALLOYS FOR OPTICAL EMITTERS VIA SPATIAL ELECTRON LOCALIZATION

Pashartis, Christopher 11 1900 (has links)
The global increase in internet usage requires an upgrade of the existing infrastruc- ture. Lasers are a key proponent to improving existing systems, and engineering better gain materials aids in this effort. (InGa)As is the leading material in this field for 1.55 μm communication wavelengths, but can be improved on by changing the substrate from InP to GaAs. Another improvement would be reducing the losses due to Auger recombination. (InGa)(BiAs) is suggested to alleviate many of these issues, as it can be grown on a GaAs substrate and is capable of decreased Auger recombination. By analyzing prospective alloys (and existing ones) using spatial electron localization, a superior candidate for industrial use can be suggested. The localization captures the disorder introduced by alloying and can be associated with material properties such as the gain characteristics and photoluminescence linewidths. These properties are important factors in determining a successor. The subject of two-dimensional materials is another topic which has shown promise in various applica- tions. Examples include flexible, transparent, and miniaturized electronics. Recent research done by Al Balushi et al. suggests that GaN may be stabilized in a two-dimensional sys- tem. By extending the material modelling approach from the telecommunication application to this system, we were able to show which III-V isoelectronic elements can be substituted into GaN. This two-dimensional system may be the only candidate capable of spanning the visible spectrum. We found Phosphorus to be the strongest candidate for decreasing the band gap. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)
5

Detekce a prostorová lokalizace částečných výbojů ve výkonových transformátorech metodou UHF / Partial Discharges Detection and Spatial Localization in High Power Transformers Using UHF Method

Čáp, Martin January 2017 (has links)
The thesis discusses the design and experimental verification of a new method for detecting partial discharges in oil-cooled high-power transformers, emphasizing the origin of the measured signal from the outer and inner regions of the transformer tank. The detection and spatial localization of partial discharges utilizes UHF (Ultra High Frequency) electromagnetic signal measurement. The UHF partial discharge detection method, also referred as UHF PD, is one of the most advanced techniques for the accurate spatial localization of the signal source position. The focus of the thesis lies in the development of technical and software solutions for the separation of partial discharge signals originating from the internal space of the transformer and the spurious signals from the connection lines. The proposed technical and program solutions constitute a signal discriminatory method. The precise and repeatable diagnostics of the transformer state are guaranteed by observing the measurement methodology and special setting of the diagnostic system. The functionality of the signal discriminatory method was verified during real measurement of the oil-cooled power transformers at the Dukovany nuclear power plant in operation. The output of the designed methodology is to set up a calibration procedure and follow-up steps to ensure objective, repeatable, and comparable measurements for the purposes of regular predictive maintenance in transformers.
6

Conséquences d'un stress chronique sur la barrière de mucus intestinal chez le rat : effet du probiotique Lactobacillus farciminis / Consequences of a chronic stress on intestinal mucus barrier in rat : effect of a probiotic Lactobacillus farciminis

Da Silva, Stéphanie 07 November 2013 (has links)
Si les modifications dans l’expression et les propriétés des mucines ont été largement décrites dans la physiopathologie des maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l’intestin, la caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle de la barrière de mucus reste parcellaire dans le contexte micro-inflammatoire du syndrome de l’intestin irritable (SII). Par ailleurs, certains traitements probiotiques préviennent la rupture de l’intégrité de la barrière épithéliale intestinale, provoquée en conditions de stress mais peu de travaux décrivent leur influence sur les modifications de la structure du mucus, induites par le stress. Cette étude a comme objectifs d’évaluer chez le rat (i) si un stress chronique modifie le nombre de cellules à mucus et l’expression de la mucine Muc2, ainsi que la nature biochimique des mucines secrétées au niveau de l’iléon et du côlon, et plus particulièrement les O-glycanes, (ii) si un traitement probiotique (Lactobacillus farciminis) prévient les modifications du mucus potentiellement induites, (iii) si les effets observés sont en lien avec la capacité de colonisation in vivo de L. farciminis.Méthodes. Des rats Wistar mâles ont reçu L. farciminis ou une solution saline. Les animaux ont été soumis au stress d’évitement passif de l’eau (WAS) pendant 1h/jour ou à un stress fictif (contrôle), pendant les 4 derniers jours des traitements. Différents prélèvements ont été effectués au niveau de l’iléon et du côlon pour (i) des analyses sur coupes (immuno-marquage, nombre de cellules à mucus) et (ii) la détermination du profil de O-glycosylation des mucines. La morphologie de la couche de mucus a été évaluée par microscopie à force atomique (AFM). L. farciminis a été visualisé par "Fluorescence in situ Hybridization", confirmée par qPCR et son adhésion à la muqueuse a été déterminée par une méthode ex situ. La perméabilité paracellulaire et la sensibilité viscérale ont été évaluées.Résultats. Le WAS ne modifie pas le nombre de cellules à mucus ni l’expression de la mucine Muc2 aux niveaux iléal et colique. L’analyse par spectrométrie de masse a révélé que le stress induit des altérations de la O-glycosylation des mucines. Une augmentation marquée du degré de complexité des structures glycaniques a été observée, se traduisant par l’apparition de chaînes polylactosaminiques, sans modification toutefois du taux de sialylation et de sulfatation des mucines. La couche de mucus en condition de stress, observée par AFM, présente une morphologie aplatie et moins cohésive. L'hypothèse serait que les modifications structurales des O-glycanes influencent les interactions physico-chimiques entre les fibres de mucines, impactant de manière négative l’intégrité de la barrière de mucus. Cette altération de la couche de mucus s'accompagne d'un défaut de la barrière épithéliale et d'une hypersensibilité viscérale. L’administration de la souche probiotique prévient ces changements provoqués par le WAS. L. farciminis a été retrouvé au sein de l’iléon et du côlon. Par ailleurs, la présence de "Segmented Filamentous Bacteria" (SFB) a été mise en évidence, par FISH et microscopie électronique, au niveau de l’iléon sur l'ensemble des animaux testés. Le traitement par L. farciminis induit une diminution de la population des SFB aussi bien chez les animaux contrôles que stressés. Conclusion. Nous avons montré qu’un stress chronique chez le rat, outre les modifications fonctionnelles de l'épithélium intestinal (hyperperméabilité intestinale et hypersensibilité viscérale), altère la structure O-glycanique des mucines sans affecter l’expression de Muc2. Ces altérations se traduisent par une perte des propriétés cohésives de la couche de mucus. La souche probiotique L. farciminis, en prévenant l’ensemble des modifications induites par le stress, contribue au renforcement de la fonction barrière de l'intestin. Cette étude fournit un argumentaire complémentaire pour l’utilisation de cette souche dans le traitement du SII. / Background. Despite a large body of literature incriminating mucus alterations in the pathogenesis of Intestinal Bowel Diseases (IBD), structural and physical changes in the mucus layer remain poorly understood in the micro-inflammatory context of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Moreover, some probiotic treatments prevent stress-induced intestinal epithelial barrier impairment but little is known about their influence on intestinal mucin structural modifications and mucus properties induced by stress. Thereby, this study aimed at evaluating whether (i) a chronic stress modified the number of gut goblet cells and Muc2 expression, nature of secreted mucins in both ileum and colon and more particularly mucin O-glycosylation, (ii) L. farciminis treatment prevented these alterations and (iii) observed effects were related to the in vivo colonization capacity of L. farciminis.Methods. Wistar rats received orally L. farciminis (1011 UFC/day) or vehicle (NaCl 0.9% (w/v)) for 14 days. From day 10 to day 14, they were submitted either to sham (control) or 4-day Water Avoidance Stress (WAS) during 1 hour per day. After sacrifice, different samples (tissues, mucosa) were collected in both ileal and colonic regions for (i) histological analyses (Muc 2 immunohistochemistry, number of goblet cells by Periodic Acid Schiff/Hemalun) and (ii) O-glycosylation profile by mass spectrometry after mucin extraction and purification. In parallel, the morphology of the mucus layer was evaluated by atomic force microscopy. Spatial localization of L. farciminis was assessed by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH), confirmed by qPCR. Mucosal adhesion of L. farciminis was determined by an ex situ method. In complement, intestinal paracellular permeability and visceral sensitivity were measured.Results. WAS did not modify neither the number of intestinal goblet cells nor Muc2 expression in both ileum and colon. In contrast, the mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that O-glycosylation of mucins was strongly affected by WAS. Indeed, a strongly increase in the complexity degree of O-glycan structures was observed in both ileum and colon, with the appearance of elongated polylactosaminic chains (repetition of the disaccharidic unit composed of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine), without modifications of mucin sialylation and sulfation. Under stress conditions, the mucus layer, observed by atomic force microscopy, showed a flattened morphology, probably indicative of a loss in its cohesive properties. We hypothesized that O-glycan structural modifications influence physico-chemical interactions between mucins fibers. Stress also induced intestinal hyperpermeability and visceral hypersensitivity. The mucus layer alteration was, thus, in relation with epithelial barrier impairment and visceral hypersensitivity. L. farciminis administration prevented WAS-induced functional, biochemical and physical changes of mucus. The presence of L. farciminis in the ileum and colon was detected by FISH and qPCR, albeit with quantitative and qualitative differences in the colonization capacity within these two intestinal compartments. Furthermore, the presence of Segmented Filamentous Bacteria (SFB) was shown in the ileum whatever the conditions under study. L. farciminis reduced the SFB population level in both control and stressed animals.Conclusion. Chronic stress induced functional changes (intestinal hyperpermeability and visceral hypersensitivity) in rats, as well as a shift in mucin O-glycosylation rather than changes in mucin expression. Intestinal mucin O-glycan modifications resulted in a loss of mucus layer cohesive properties. L. farciminis treatment prevented impairment of both intestinal epithelial and mucus barriers, reflecting an enhancement of the protective barrier function. These results confirm that L. farciminis is a valuable probiotic in the IBS management.

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