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AN INVESTIGATION OF SPATIAL REFERENCE FRAMES AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF BODY-BASED INFORMATION FOR SPATIAL UPDATINGTeeter, Christopher J. 10 1900 (has links)
<p>Successful navigation requires an accurate mental spatial representation of the environment that can be updated during movement. Experiments with animals and humans have demonstrated the existence of two forms of spatial representation: egocentric (observer-centered) and allocentric (environment-centered). Unfortunately, specifically how humans use these two systems is not well understood. The current dissertation was focused on providing evidence differentiating human use of egocentric and allocentric spatial reference frames, specifically examining the characteristics and contributions from body-based sources. Two empirical chapters are presented that include experiments involving two common spatial tasks. In Chapter 2, updating of feature relations within a room-sized environment was examined by having observers provide directional judgments to learned features with respect to an imagined orientation that was either congruent or incongruent with their physical orientation. The information available for updating the physical orientation was manipulated across experiments. Performance differences between congruent and incongruent conditions demonstrated the reliance on egocentric representations for updating, and differentiated body- and knowledge-based components of the egocentric updating process. The specificity of the body-based component was examined in Chapter 3 by having observers detect changes made to a tabletop spatial scene following a viewpoint shift resulting from their movement, scene rotation or both. The relation between the extent of observer movement and the magnitude of the experienced viewpoint shift was manipulated. Change detection performance was best when the extent of observer movement most closely matched the viewpoint shift, and declined as the match declined. Thus, body-based cues contributed specific information for updating self-to-feature relations that facilitated scene recognition. Throughout the course of the research program it has become clear that humans rely on egocentric representations to complete these tasks, and sensory and motor modalities involved in self-motion are integrated for updating spatial relations of novel environments.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Where is the bottle? Cross-linguistic study on side assignment to objects and interpretation of static spatial relations by German, Polish, Italian and English native speakersStoltmann, Katarzyna 22 July 2021 (has links)
Das Ziel der Dissertation ist, den Gebrauch von sekundären Raumdeixes (‚vor‘, ‚hinter‘,
‚rechts / links von‘) und Referenzrahmen (absolut, intrinsisch, relativ) von deutschen,
englischen, italienischen und polnischen Muttersparcher_innen für die Beschreibung
von statischen Raumrelationen zu untersuchen. Zwei Experimente pro Sprache wurden
durchgeführt.
Das erste Experiment untersuchte Seitenzuweisung. Die Proband_innen sahen ein Objekt
von der Vorderseite (kanonische Position) und Rückseite (nicht-kanonische Position).
Das Ergebnis bestätigt, dass die Proband_innen der vier Sprachen die Außenperspektive
für die Seitenzuweisung des kanonisch stehenden vis-à-vis Objektes meistens benutzen.
Einige Variationen haben die Pol_innen und Italiener_innen gezeigt, vor allem bei
der Zuweisung von der rechten und linken Seite. Dabei wiesen die Deutschen und
Italiener_innen signifikante Unterschiede auf.
Mit dem Mouse Tracking habe ich die Interpretation von statischen Raumrelationen
von zwei Komplexitätsgraden untersucht. Die einfachen Raumrelationen enthielten
entweder ein extrinsisches oder intrinsisches Referenzobjekt (belebt; unbelebt) und eine
Flasche als lokalisiertes Objekt. Die komplexeren Raumrelationen wurden um einen
Agenten ergänzt und mit der indirekten Rede eingebettet. Das erlaubte die Erforschung
von Origo-Shift. In allen Raumrelationen wurden die Proband_innen gebeten, die
Lokalisation von der Flasche zu beschreiben. Die Deutschen und Italiener_innen zeigten
signifikante Unterschiede bei der Interpretation von einfachen belebten und unbelebten
intrinsischen Raumrelationen. Bei der Interpretation von komplexeren intrinsischen
Raumrelationen haben die polnischen Muttersprachler_innen die Origo am häufigsten zum
Agenten verschoben und von seinem Blickwinkel bezüglich des relativen Bezugsrahmens
die Relationen beschrieben. Im Allgemeinen, für die Interpretation von komplexeren
Raumrelationen ist die Wahl des intrinsischen Bezugsrahmens im Vergleich zu einfacheren
Raumrelationen signifikant gesunken. Das heißt, die meisten Proband_innen haben die
Origo zum Agenten verschoben und von seinem Blickwinkel die Raumrelationen bezüglich
der Spiegelstrategie interpretiert. / The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the use of reference frames (absolute, relative,
intrinsic) and secondary local deixes (‘in front of’, ‘behind’, ‘to the right / left of’) by
German, English, Italian, and Polish native speakers to describe static spatial relations.
Two experiments per language were carried out.
The first experiment investigated side assignment. Participants saw the object from
the front (the canonical position) and the back (the noncanonical position). The results
confirm that for side assignments to a canonical positioned vis-à-vis object most speakers
of the four languages use the outside perspective. However, some variations occurred for
Polish and Italian, especially while identifying the right and left sides showing significant
differences between German and Italian.
Using mouse tracking, I tested the interpretation of static spatial relations of two kinds
of complexity. The simple spatial relations included either extrinsic or intrinsic reference
objects (animate; inanimate) and a bottle as localized object. The complex spatial
relations were supplemented by an agent and embedded by indirect speech. This allows
the investigation of origo shift. In all situations, participants were asked to describe the
location of the bottle. German and Italian showed significant differences in interpreting
simple animate and inanimate intrinsic relations. Interpreting the intrinsic complex
relations, Polish speakers shifted the origo to the agent most frequently and described
the relations from his point of view. All in all, for the complex relations, the choice of
the intrinsic reference frame decreased significantly compared to the simple relations.
That is, most participants shifted the origo to agents’ point of view and interpreted the
spatial relations applying the reflection strategy.
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