Recently many people spent leisure time for tourism. The local government uses this kind of trend to design elaborate of festivals to attract visitors. There are more and more festivals in Taiwan, but few activities like Pingtung Bluefin Cultural Festival and Tainan Paiho Lotus Carnival can create more than ten million dollars. This research chooses these cases, and through depth interview to collect information. The core question is ¡§ In the period of festival, what the marketing mix and business strategies are, how the product is chose, and how to dispose related resources¡¨. The conclusion is following¡G 1. The local government represents some unique local resources that express the critical internal resources of festival, including productive, cultural and tourism resources. 2. For designing activities, we can develop package tourism; home stay tourism, cultural tourism and the tourism that the visitors can participate in themselves. 3. Developing festivals, we should not only merchandise festival products but we also insist on preserving district cultural. 4. The local government combines industry and culture to promote tourism, upgrade industry, and divert tourism activities. 5. The best model for Taiwanese festival is to set up a foundation to manage festivals. 6. When local government promotes festivals, making good use of marketing strategies, designing itemized media plans, encouraging public and private cooperation involving, and establish first brand image are important.

This study examined the effectiveness of social media marketing on college students attending a recreation special event. Facebook and Twitter were assessed via an experimental design. To measure the effectiveness of these applications (through updating statuses) on a college student’s awareness, interest, and intent of attending a special event, three groups were employed (Facebook, Twitter, and Control). A total of 134 participants were recruited via six undergraduate courses and were assigned into three groups based on their social media consumption. Subjects responded to a pre-survey, joined their respective treatment group, and completed a post-survey. Descriptive statistics revealed that awareness increased for those who received Facebook status updates and tweets. The interest level of the treatment groups decreased from the pre to the post-test and the intention of participants to participate increased slightly for the Facebook treatment group, but the intent level of participants in the Twitter and Control groups decreased.

abstract: Given that more and more planned special events are hosted in urban areas, during which travel demand is considerably higher than usual, it is one of the most effective strategies opening public rapid transit lines and building park-and-ride facilities to allow visitors to park their cars and take buses to the event sites. In the meantime, special event workforce often needs to make balances among the limitations of construction budget, land use and targeted travel time budgets for visitors. As such, optimizing the park-and-ride locations and capacities is critical in this process of transportation management during planned special event. It is also known as park-and-ride facility design problem. This thesis formulates and solves the park-and-ride facility design problem for special events based on space-time network models. The general network design process with park-and-ride facilities location design is first elaborated and then mathematical programming formulation is established for special events. Meanwhile with the purpose of relax some certain hard constraints in this problem, a transformed network model which the hard park-and-ride constraints are pre-built into the new network is constructed and solved with the similar solution algorithm. In doing so, the number of hard constraints and level of complexity of the studied problem can be considerable reduced in some cases. Through two case studies, it is proven that the proposed formulation and solution algorithms can provide effective decision supports in selecting the locations and capabilities of park-and-ride facilities for special events. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Civil and Environmental Engineering 2016

abstract: This dissertation investigates congestion mitigation during the ingress of a planned special event (PSE). PSEs would impact the regular operation of the transportation system within certain time periods due to increased travel demand or reduced capacities on certain road segments. For individual attendees, cruising for parking during a PSE could be a struggle given the severe congestion and scarcity of parking spaces in the network. With the development of smartphones-based ridesharing services such as Uber/Lyft, more and more attendees are turning to ridesharing rather than driving by themselves. This study explores congestion mitigation during a planned special event considering parking, ridesharing and network configuration from both attendees and planner’s perspectives. Parking availability (occupancy of parking facility) information is the fundamental building block for both travelers and planners to make parking-related decisions. It is highly valued by travelers and is one of the most important inputs to many parking models. This dissertation proposes a model-based practical framework to predict future occupancy from historical occupancy data alone. The framework consists of two modules: estimation of model parameters, and occupancy prediction. At the core of the predictive framework, a queuing model is employed to describe the stochastic occupancy change of a parking facility. From an attendee’s perspective, the probability of finding parking at a particular parking facility is more treasured than occupancy information for parking search. However, it is hard to estimate parking probabilities even with accurate occupancy data in a dynamic environment. In the second part of this dissertation, taking one step further, the idea of introducing learning algorithms into parking guidance and information systems that employ a central server is investigated, in order to provide estimated optimal parking searching strategies to travelers. With the help of the Markov Decision Process (MDP), the parking searching process on a network with uncertain parking availabilities can be modeled and analyzed. Finally, from a planner’s perspective, a bi-level model is proposed to generate a comprehensive PSE traffic management plan considering parking, ridesharing and route recommendations at the same time. The upper level is an optimization model aiming to minimize total travel time experienced by travelers. In the lower level, a link transmission model incorporating parking and ridesharing is used to evaluate decisions from and provide feedback to the upper level. A congestion relief algorithm is proposed and tested on a real-world network. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2019

Purpose: The aim of this bachelor thesis is to investigate the relationship of online subcultures, electronic trust, electronic word-of-mouth, and purchase intention towards a special event within selected Facebook Pages. Background: Given the increasing impact of social media platforms in communications not only between consumers, but also consumers and companies, this study takes a deeper look at the influence that companies can exercise on consumer’s purchase intention for a special event through these platforms. The background is based on previous researches and existent theories related to products, which are tested for a special event. Method: In order to fulfill the purpose of this study  a cross-sectional design is applied. A deductive approach is followed, and a quantitative method is used through the application of questionnaires in order to collect the empirical data necessary to answer  the given research questions. The questionnaires were distributed to the selected sample, which is anyone who “likes” the following Facebook Pages: Sweden Rock Festival, Göteborg Horse Show, Hultsfred, and Swedish Speedway Grand Prix. Conclusion: Based on the background a modest to strong relationship was expected  between the measured variables. This however has been disconfirmed by the results, thus showing a weaker relationship than has been previously tested with regards to a product. The main finding is that when it comes to special events, the organizer is seen as a more reliable source, thus it is more influential than fellow members of the Facebook Page.