No description available.

La mobilité spatiale est mise en avant comme une solution aux mutations économiques impactant le territoire, pour l’adaptation de ses filières, de ses entreprises et in fine de ses actifs. La nécessité de résoudre le chômage d’une part et, d’autre part, les besoins de main d’œuvre des entreprises constituent des moteurs de cette mobilité et à l’inverse, les facteurs de viscosité du marché de l’emploi et en particulier les situations d’ancrage territorial sont considérées comme des anomalies. L’objectif de gestion des politiques publiques est alors de les résoudre par des mesures favorisant la mobilité notamment en dotant les actifs des compétences les plus transversales possibles et ainsi de sécuriser les parcours professionnels par plus de mobilité.Dans cette logique, l’ancrage territorial des actifs est difficilement compréhensible et la spécification des compétences liée au territoire une erreur stratégique. Or, il s’avère que malgré les mesures en faveur de la mobilité, de nombreux actifs continuent à être attachés au territoire et préfèrent rester que partir au risque de subir une période de chômage voire d’accepter un emploi ne correspondant pas à leurs qualifications. Par ailleurs, les entreprises semblent continuer à rechercher dans les compétences des salariés des caractères relevant de spécificités comme la confiance ou la réputation, qui ont une composante territoriale.Cette thèse chercher à éclairer cette apparente contradiction en partant de l’hypothèse que cette situation continue à perdurer pour des raisons économiques et sociales positives. En effet, en croisant la spécificité des compétences avec le caractère territorial de l’activité économique, nous recherchons des compétences spécifiques territoriales à même, selon nous, d’expliquer le lien entre les entreprises, la ressource humaine et le territoire. Dans cette thèse, nous cherchons à établir empiriquement l’existence de ces compétences spécifiques territoriales prévues par la littérature.S’inscrivant dans les sciences régionales en économie, cette thèse prend appui sur la théorie de la segmentation du marché de l’emploi et nous avons emprunté un de ses caractères particuliers à savoir la segmentation par les compétences dans la théorie du capital humain de Becker (1964). Cette spécification par les ressources humaines n’est pas une anomalie mais la résultante d’un fonctionnement « normal » du marché. Ainsi, de manière générale, la spécification des actifs et par extension des compétences est expliquée comme une source d’avantage concurrentielle pour les entreprises à travers la théorie des ressources (Penrose, 1959, Wernerfelt, 1984, Barney, 1991).Ces travaux se sont appuyés sur trois niveaux de données composé par une base de 213 Initiatives Territoriales en faveur de l’Emploi du Ministère du Travail, par une analyse en position d’observation-participante en territoire de Figeac et par des entretiens menés en territoire de Langres et du Sud Alsace.En termes de résultat, nous avons mis en place et testé une méthode d’identification qui a permis de révéler trois compétences spécifiques territoriales : la compétence d’anticipation du marché local, la compétence relationnelle spécifique au territoire et la compétence de détection et d’utilisation des habiletés locales. Pour chacune, elles sont des combinaisons de compétences de bases, individuelles et qui permettent la réalisation d’une activité économique propre à l’entreprise en lien avec le territoire. Parallèlement à ces compétences, nous avons également identifié dans les territoires la compétence collective de développement territorial.Ces compétences ont été analysées dans le cadre de leurs territoires. Ainsi, en matière de politique publique locale, cette recherche permettra de mieux spécifier les territoires pour les entreprises et les acteurs locaux. Elle apportera également une réponse en matière de sécurisation des parcours professionnels / Spatial mobility is put forward as a solution to the economic changes impacting rural and urban areas (their economic sectors, companies and ultimately, their workers). On the one hand, the need to resolve the problem of unemployment and to meet the labour needs of businesses are two drivers of this mobility, and on the other hand, the viscosity factors of the labor market and in particular territorial anchorage situations are regarded as anomalies. The aim of public policy management is then to solve these anomalies by implementing measures promoting mobility, essentially providing workers with the most general skills, with the idea of securing career paths through greater mobility.In this context, the integration or “anchoring” of workers in a particular area or “territory” is difficult to understand and the specification of skills linked to an area is considered a strategic mistake. However, it turns out that despite the measures in favor of an increasing mobility, many workers still prefer to stay where they are rather than leave their area, preferring the risk of suffering a period of unemployment or even accepting a job that does not match their qualifications. In addition to this, companies seem to look for specific skills such as trust or reputation, which are related to a form of territorial integration.The aim of this thesis is to shed light on this apparent contradiction, assuming that this situation of territorial integration maintains itself for positive and valid economic and social reasons. Indeed, by combining the specificity of the skills observed and the territorial aspect of the economy, we are seeking to identify skills that are specific to an area, which, in our opinion, explain the relationships between companies, their human resources and the area itself.In this thesis, we will try to establish empirically the existence of these specifically “territorial” skills, which are have been foreseen in the literature.As part of regional economics, this thesis is based on the theory of labor market segmentation and we have borrowed one of its special characteristics, namely the skill segmentation described in Becker's human capital theory (1964).Specification by human resources is not an anomaly but the outcome of a market functioning “normally”. Thus, in general, the specification of workers and by extension of their skills can be explained as a source of competitive advantage for companies according to resource-based theory (Penrose, 1959).This study is based on three levels of data : a database of 213 Territorial Employment Initiatives from the Ministry of Labor, an analysis of the area of Figeac, from a observing-participating position, and a series of interviews carried out in the areas of Langres and South Alsace.In terms of results, we implemented and tested an identification method that revealed three specific territorial competences: the competence of anticipation of the territory's market, the relational competence specific to the territory and the competence of detection and use of local skills.Each of these skills is a combination of basic individual skills which enable the development of an economic activity specific to the company and connected to the area it is in. Alongside these skills, we have also identified in these various areas the collective competence of territorial development.These skills were analyzed in the context of their territories. Thus, in terms of local public policy, this research will make it possible to better specify the territories for companies and local players. It will also provide an answer in terms of securing career paths.

In this dissertation, I first suggest an extension of the managerial rents model and more specifically the managerial skills typology that it offers. Building on research in international business, I propose adding country-specific skills (CSS) to this typology in addition to firm-specific, industry-specific, and generic skills. I define CSS as managers’ abilities that are applicable and specific to a particular national institutional context. Such skills are distinct from the other three types identified and are likely to influence managers’ performance and the performance of their firms. So if CSS are distinct skills, what are the implications for strategy and international business research? In an attempt to respond to this question, I conduct two empirical essays in which I examine the implications of this refinement of the typology of managerial skills for CEO selection and firms’ mergers and acquisitions (M&A) strategy. In the first empirical essay, I puzzle at the fact that although CSS constitute a barrier to high-level executive mobility across countries, there have been a growing number of foreign-born CEOs being appointed across the globe. Why are these individuals being selected for the post of CEO? Using information on the appointment of foreign-born and national CEOs from 2005 to 2010 among global 500 companies, I show that internationalization pressures help explain their selection and that two types of firms are likely to appoint foreign leaders: highly internationalized firms and firms that are likely to internationalize. In the second empirical essay, I examine the strategic implications of country-specific skills. Employing the same sample as the one used in the first empirical essay, I demonstrate that given that their mindset is likely to be less focused on firms’ home market, foreign-born CEOs may be prone to institute more changes in firms’ cross-border M&A strategy than their domestic counterparts. I also theorize on the moderating influence of CEOs’ insiderness.

The thesis titled Multileveled school's teachers specific qualities and professional preparation focuses on finding specific qualities of multileveled schools, qualities of their teachers in the area of professional competence and quality of institutions for training future teachers. The theoretical background is applied to the research section. Depth group interview, observation and analysis of written sources reveals the essence of teachers' work at multileveled school with all its specifics. Summarize the results and try to find the relations between the observed and the specifics of their qualities. Can not say unequivocally that the multileveled schools'specifics and specific teachers skills are quality guarantee. The teacher always depends his knowledge, skills, values, attitudes and personality traits and the initial training and continuing professional development, as consider the quality of their work and how to proceed further development. Even though specific teacher's job may be a part of a potential professional qualities that teachers want to develop.

The primary purpose of this study was to determine how the current hospitality management curriculum at The International Hotel School contributes to students’ preparedness from their own perspectives. Generic and curriculum specific skills that can be used for curriculum evaluation were identified, a framework of curriculum variables to rate the level of student preparedness was developed, the effectiveness of the hospitality management curriculum from the perspectives of students’ perceptions of preparedness was analysed, and the aspects that contribute most to student preparedness were identified through a literature study and an empirical investigation. The findings were summarised and it was recommended that The International Hotel School needs to review the hotel and restaurant accounting course and the experiential learning components. Furthermore, lecturers of The International Hotel School should receive training on the implementation of more interactive course content delivery methods. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Adult Education)

The primary purpose of this study was to determine how the current hospitality management curriculum at The International Hotel School contributes to students’ preparedness from their own perspectives. Generic and curriculum specific skills that can be used for curriculum evaluation were identified, a framework of curriculum variables to rate the level of student preparedness was developed, the effectiveness of the hospitality management curriculum from the perspectives of students’ perceptions of preparedness was analysed, and the aspects that contribute most to student preparedness were identified through a literature study and an empirical investigation. The findings were summarised and it was recommended that The International Hotel School needs to review the hotel and restaurant accounting course and the experiential learning components. Furthermore, lecturers of The International Hotel School should receive training on the implementation of more interactive course content delivery methods. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Adult Education)