Abstract Purpose:This study involved prospective longitudinal data on 5 late talkers to provide information about the course of phonological development in order to identify possible predictors of delayed versus deviant development. Method: Five children (3 boys, 2 girls) were identified as late talkers and divided into a younger group and an older group. Each child was followed monthly for 10 to 12 months (22–33 months for the younger group and 30–42 months for the older group). Two types of monthly language samples (free play and elicited) were obtained to describe the individual courses of phonological development for each child. Independent and relational analyses were completed at each age to describe word-initial and word-final phonetic inventories, syllable structure, syllable diversity, percentage of consonants correct (PCC), sound variability, and error patterns. Results: The results indicated that 3 of the children resolved their late onset of speech by 33 to 35 months of age. In addition to quantitative factors, (e.g., limited phonetic inventory, lower PCC, and more sound errors), qualitative variables (e.g., atypical error patterns, greater sound variability, and slower rate of resolution) also were identified as potential markers of long-term phonological delay. Clinical Implications: This study provides information to clinicians so they can identify those children who are less likely to resolve their late onset of phonological development without direct intervention. Procedures are described for assessing early linguistic behaviors that incorporate independent and relational analyses on more extensive speech samples (elicited and free play). From these analyses, clinicians can examine quantitative and qualitative variables to differentiate phonological delay from deviance.

Learn to …. (1) Use the ICF-CY framework for assessment; (2) use the ICF-CY framework for goal setting; (3) address the child's own perspectives in goal setting (person-centred goal setting); (4) include a parent's perspective in planning everyday functional activities for intervention; (5) formulate therapy goals across different language and cultural groups.

It is widely acknowledged that a team approach is preferred practice and contributes to optimizing the surgical, dental, speech and psychosocial outcomes for individuals with CLP. Young adulthood often marks the transition from child-centered interdisciplinary care to adult-centered care. There is a paucity in literature relating to the transition of care for young adults with CLP. The purpose of this survey research is therefore to explore the CLP team practices regarding young adults with CLP.

The incidence of children exposed to drugs and/or alcohol prenatally is rising rapidly especially in Tennessee and increasingly appearing on speech-language pathology caseloads. This session provides background information about problems and neurodevelopmental outcomes. As well, a communication-based intervention approach for babies and their mothers is described with data from case studies. Participants will be able (1) to describe the characteristics of NAS and common neurodevelopmental outcome; (2) to discuss the treatment challenges associated with this population; (3) to identify the benefits and challenges of a communication-based intervention approach for babies exposed prenatally to drugs and their mothers.

Introduction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the frequency of overt metalinguistic utterances increases and types change with age in children with typically developing language. Metalinguistic awareness refers to the conscious and deliberate ability to manipulate and reflect upon language properties. Development of metalinguistic awareness is an indicator of future reading skills, but little is known about its development in preschool children. Spontaneous, overt metalinguistic utterances are rare and tasks developed to assess metalinguistic sills are too complex for young children. This study is unique in the number of overt metalinguistic utterance it elicited in young children. It was hypothesized that the metalinguistic utterance rate would increase with age and that types would change. Methods. Thirty-two children ages 3:0-5:11 were exposed to irregular verb forms of nonsense words (e.g., dake- doke) through recast intervention, which involves quick corrections of children's grammar by adults during conversation. Language samples of the intervention sessions were digitally recorded and then coded for the presence and type of metalinguistic utterances, including: challenges, rehearsals, requests for clarification, self-corrections and self-statements. Twenty percent of the language samples were randomly selected and independently coded for reliability. Results. Thirty-one of the 32 children produced at least one metalinguistic utterance. The 5-year-olds produced a higher rate per minute of metalinguistic utterances than the 3-year-olds. The 5-year-olds produced a significantly higher rates of challenges than any other type of metalinguistic utterance than any other group, except the 3 and 4-year-olds' rates of self-correction. The increased rate with age and observed trends in the use of metalinguistic types generally supported a theoretical model of developmental emergence.

The present study attempts to determine the specific interrelationship between a child’s intentional communicative act rate, maternal responsiveness and child temperament to help give further insight into the nature of the interaction. This present study also aims to determine the unique contributions of a child’s communicative act rate, parental responsiveness, and child temperament to a child’s later vocabulary size. Given the growing evidence that a child’s use of communicative acts has an effect on the rate of adult responses (Vallotton, 2009; Tamis-LeMonda et al., 2001) we predict that there will be a positive reciprocal relationship between a child’s communicative act rate at 7, 10, 13, and 20 months and the rate of parental responsiveness to the communicative act. The researchers also propose that individuals who are considered temperamentally difficult will exhibit slower language development than those with easy temperaments. As far as the unique contributions of the 3 areas to children’s vocabulary size, this particular research question is incomparable to any other in that it seeks to decipher the unique contributions of each. Twenty-two participants were selected from a larger sample of 70 children who were part of a previous study, which connected temperament and language acquisition at 7, 10, 13, and 20 months. To measure vocabulary, the MacArthur Communication Development Inventory: Sounds and Gestures was administered to the subjects of this study. The mothers were asked to complete the MCDI and to report about their children’s vocabulary comprehension at 7, 10, 13, and 20 months and production at 10, 13, 20 months. To measure a child’s communicative act rate, video samples were gathered from 22 mother and child pairs during play and book-reading at each of the four ages during a play and a book-reading activity as part of their original study. Individual sample times were used to calculate rates of communicative acts and canonical vocalizations. Each potential communicative act received codes to indicate: the means of communication, direction of the behavior toward the caregiver, and the purpose of communicative act. Each maternal response was coded using the following operational definitions: on-topic response, off- topic response (with or without linguistic mapping), and no response. According to our findings, child communicative act at 10 months is correlated to vocabulary production totals at 13 and 20 months. In addition, a child’s communicative act rate is highly correlated with parental linguistic mapping at 10 months. Parental responsiveness, defined as on topic linguistic mapping, was found to be positively correlated with a child’s word production totals at 13 and 20 months. Our findings support previous research examining parental responsiveness and child communicative act rate and their relationship to a child’s later vocabulary. The results of this study also determined that temperament did not correlate with a child’s prelinguistic communicative act rate, parental responsiveness, or later child vocabulary comprehension or production at the first linguistic stage (13 and 20 months). Results from previous studies have indicated a relationship between temperament and the aforementioned variables; however, our findings negate these earlier findings.

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Purpose The aim of this tutorial is to support speech-language pathologists (SLPs) undertaking assessments of multilingual children with suspected speech sound disorders, particularly children who speak languages that are not shared with their SLP. Method The tutorial was written by the International Expert Panel on Multilingual Children's Speech, which comprises 46 researchers (SLPs, linguists, phoneticians, and speech scientists) who have worked in 43 countries and used 27 languages in professional practice. Seventeen panel members met for a 1-day workshop to identify key points for inclusion in the tutorial, 26 panel members contributed to writing this tutorial, and 34 members contributed to revising this tutorial online (some members contributed to more than 1 task). Results This tutorial draws on international research evidence and professional expertise to provide a comprehensive overview of working with multilingual children with suspected speech sound disorders. This overview addresses referral, case history, assessment, analysis, diagnosis, and goal setting and the SLP's cultural competence and preparation for working with interpreters and multicultural support workers and dealing with organizational and government barriers to and facilitators of culturally competent practice. Conclusion The issues raised in this tutorial are applied in a hypothetical case study of an English-speaking SLP's assessment of a multilingual Cantonese- and English-speaking 4-year-old boy. Resources are listed throughout the tutorial.