The purpose of this study was to compare PPVT-R age equivalents with language ages from the Test of Early Language Development - TELD 2 (Hresko, Reid, and Hammill, 1981) for a preschool population. This study sought to find the strength of association between the PPVT-R age equivalents and the TELD language ages. The subjects used in the study were 54 preschool children ranging in age from 3-6 through 4-7 years. Normal children were selected for the study based on their chronological age, sex, and socioeconomic status - SES.

This study sought to determine if there are any differences in an analysis of language samples between urban Indian, reservation Indian, and urban White first-grade children. The Mean Length of Response (MLR) (Templin, 1957), Developmental Sentence Score (DSS) (Lee, 1974), and individual DSS items were used to analyze language used by the three groups of children. The study involved thirty-nine children, thirteen children in each group, between the ages of six years, six months, and seven years, four months. All subjects were screened to determine grade, residency, Indian blood, speech, language, hearing, and physical status. Testing for hearing vocabulary was performed at the beginning of the testing situation to determine eligibility for the study.

Prosody is the flow of speech created by controlling elements such as pitch, rate, loudness, and stress (Tiffany and Carrell, 1977). Prosody is vital to intelligibility of speech and also communicates meaning. Despite the importance of prosody, however, few tests for the adequacy of prosodic ability in young children have been published (Koike and Asp, 1981a). To remedy this paucity of tools, Koike and Asp published the Tennessee Test of Rhythm and Intonation Patterns (T-TRIP). The clinical usefulness of the T-TRIP has been limited by a lack of normative data against which to compare individual children's performance. The purpose of this study was to collect normative data on the T-TRIP scores of normal four and six-year-olds. The question this study asked was: What are the means and standard deviations of T-TRIP scores from the samples of four and six-year-olds? A secondary question was: Are differences between the means of the two age groups statistically significant?

One of the qualifications for being a competent speech and language clinician is to be skilled in interactional procedures within a clinic setting. A clinician's interactional skills are developed through training whereby one participates in several clinical settings with clients displaying a variety of speech, language and hearing disorders. Various evaluation methods, both subjective and objective, have been utilized in guiding the clinician towards interactional competency. Interactional analysis systems have been designed to provide more objective feedback. The Boone-Prescott Content and Sequence Analysis System (B-P) is one of several such systems. Although this system has been found to be an asset towards evaluating the clinic session (Boone and Prescott, 1972b) information is lacking as to how the data from the parameters of the B-P Scoring Form reflect the quality of a clinician's interactive skills. Hence, this investigator sought to answer the following question: How do B-P data compare for clinicians who have been highly rated subjectively with those who have been less favorably rated subjectively by supervisors?

In order to assess a component of communication in interpersonal relationships, an instrument was developed to determine the correspondence in relational perceptions between partners in a marital dyad. The current study focuses on the levels of awareness spouses exhibit regarding phenomenological perceptions of themselves, their partners and the status of their dyadic system.

The primary purpose of this study was to determine if dialectal interference as described by Walter Wolfram (Appendix B) was exhibited by black children in Portland, Oregon when given the NSST by Laura Lee. This author was concerned with syntactical interferences on the expressive portion of this test. A secondary purpose of this investigation was to provide suggested norms for differentiating children with language deficits from children with language differences. Seventy black children with normal speech and language were selected from two public schools, a Head Start Center and a day care center. These children were between the ages of 3-0 to 7-11 and had been screened to determine their race, age, socioeconomic status, and emotional stability. Screening for intelligence was performed at the beginning of the testing situation, before the expressive portion of the NSST was administered. The NSST consists of sentence repetition in response to pictures. The sentences involve grammatical contrasts of increasing difficulty, and can be administered in five to ten minutes. The results of this study did not support the prediction made by this researcher.

Several studies have been undertaken to determine the incidence of recovery from stuttering; however, the results of these investigations are not reliable due to methodological limitations. For the most part, ex-post-facto recall judgements on the parts of adults or parents of young children were relied upon in gathering data for the research. It would appear that a requisite factor in determining incidence of recovery from stuttering should be the use of a formal instrument which would quantify the auditory and visual aspects of speaking behavior to determine the presence or absence of stuttering. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of recovery from stuttering in a sample of children who had received treatment for stuttering and had subsequently been dismissed from treatment. Also examined was whether or not significant differences existed between the speaking performances of these subjects and a sample of control subjects of the same sex, grade level, and approximate academic ability. To control for experimental bias, a double-blind design was utilized. A secondary part of this study examined the possible effects of the former treatment received by the experimental subjects on the recovery from stuttering.

For over a quarter of a century a difference of opinion has existed regarding the relative value of auditory training in the education of the deaf child. The opponents have insisted that in most deaf children there is little or no residual hearing on which to use acoustic stimulation. The proponents have insisted that there are extremely few deaf children who do not have some residual hearing which could be stimulated to promote better speech, to increase speech perception, and to advance better mental health. The purpose of this study has been (1) to investigate (a) the development of speech perception by the use of acoustic stimulation in schools for the deaf, and (b) the general tendency toward the use of the acoustic method in the schools for the deaf; and, (2) to determine whether or not auditory training has a definite place as an educational tool in the education of deaf children.

This study is aimed at analyzing the speech adequacy of credential candidates. It is hoped that the results will suggest a type of speech training, in terms of a specific course, which will be beneficial to those candidates who are in need of speech help. If what the candidates as a whole seem to need and what they seem to have acquired through speech training is known, a course designed along the lines of these speech needs can be more easily constructed. In general, this thesis will attempt to answer the following questions: (1) What type of speech training would be most beneficial to credential candidates?; (2) Do credential candidates who have had one speech course have more adequate speech abilities than those who have had none?; (3) Is the speech of those candidates who have two or more speech courses more proficient than those who have had only one course?; (4) What particular courses, if any, seem to have contributed most to increased proficiency?; (5) What is the most serious deficiency in the speaking ability of the credential candidates? An attempt will be made to answer these questions by indicating tendencies. The conclusion of this thesis will also propose other issues of particular significance or interest which might be used in future investigations.

It was the purpose of this study (1) to throw light upon specific speech needs of pupils in one of the elementary schools in Stockton; (2) to throw light on the status of speech in a school population among which the factors of low I.Q. retarded academic progress, exceptionally limited economic background, and racial and national differences, and relatively small; (3) by extension, to indicate something more generally regarding the speech needs of such children of whom the pupils surveyed tended to be a representative group; (4) to find indication of the influence of the factor of chronological age upon articulatory accuracy; (5) to throw light upon the question of the extent to which maturation, rather than training, can be relied upon for the elimination of speech errors in children; (6) to find indication of the influence of the factor of sex upon articulatory accuracy; (7) to discover, among students manifesting inaccuracies, to what extent the inaccuracies tended to be manifested in a relatively large number of sounds, and to what extent they tended to be limited to relatively few sounds; (8) to find indications as to which sounds are most difficult, i.e., most frequently inaccurate, and which sounds are least difficult, i.e., least frequently inaccurate, among primary school children; and (9) to find indications as to the relative frequency of errors in the initial, medial, and final positions of words, respectively.