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Description:With age and impairment due to neurodegenerative processes, the nervous system expresses symptoms of dizziness and imbalance with a dramatic increase in fall risk. While the fall risk of older individuals is well-known, the symptoms for patients with peripheral nervous system (PNS) pathology and central nervous system (CNS) degeneration are less well-known and manifest as vestibulo-ocular and vestibulo-spinal impairment. Emerging research shows a clear dysfunction in vestibular physiology in these populations, which adversely affects gaze and postural control and increases fall risk. This session will discuss the pathophysiology of vestibular function in the context of aging and PNS/CNS damage, critical examination tools, and research-based recommendations to augment vestibular motor learning in these patient populations. The presenters will use case studies to illustrate characteristic deficits in vestibular function and guide clinical decision making regarding examination and treatment. Learning Objectives:1 . Describe the natural aging process as it relates to vestibulo-ocular and vestibulospinal function. 2. Discuss the evidence for vestibular damage within 2 model neurodegenerative diseases. 3. Describe the research evidence for motor learning within the vestibulo-ocular and vestibulospinal pathways in the context of aging and neurodegeneration. 4. Identify crucial examination tools and treatment methods to measure and improve gaze and gait stability in patients with a variety of neurodegenerative diseases.

This study examined whether metalinguistic frequency increases or utterance type changes with age in children with typical language. Overt metalinguistic productions of 32 children, 3;0-5;7, were collected during recast intervention. Overall, the data showed changes in frequency and proportion of types with age.

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The focus of this book is on speech production and speech processing associated with cleft palate, covering phonetic (perceptual and instrumental), phonological and psycholinguistic perspectives, and including coverage of implications for literacy and education, as well as cross-linguistic differences. It draws together a group of international experts in the fields of cleft lip and palate and speech science to provide an up-to-date and in-depth account of the nature of speech production, and the processes and current evidence base of assessment and intervention for speech associated with cleft palate. The consequences of speech disorders associated with cleft on intelligibility and communicative participation are also covered. This book will provide a solid theoretical foundation and a valuable clinical resource for students of speech-language pathology, for practising speech-language pathologists, and for others interested in speech production in cleft palate, including researchers and members of multi-disciplinary cleft teams who wish to know more about the nature of speech difficulties associated with a cleft palate.

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The relation between discrimination of silent gaps and speech‐in‐noise perception was measured in 20 normal‐hearing listeners using speech‐shaped noise as both the gap markers and the noise source for speech testing. In the gap discrimination experiment, subjects compared silent gaps marked by 60 dB SPL 250‐ms noise bursts to standards of either 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, or 200 ms. The gap results were most similar to those reported by Abel [S. M. Abel, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 52, 519–524 (1972)] as ΔT/T decreased non‐monotonically with increased gap length. In a second experiment, the California Consonant Test (CCT) was administered at 50 dB HL via CD in three conditions: quiet, +10 S/N, and 0 S/N. Results from both experiments were correlated and the association between ΔT/T and CCT scores was generally negative. Listeners who discriminated the gaps with greater acuity typically had higher speech scores. The relation was strongest for the smaller gap standards at each S/N, or when performance for any gap duration was compared to the CCT results obtained in quiet.

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