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Bereits in frühen Phasen der Sprachentwicklung sind bei Kindern mit Spaltbildungen im Vergleich zu Kindern ohne Spaltbildungen Abweichungen beobachtet worden. In der Fachliteratur sind allerdings meist nur undifferenzierte Aussagen über den frühen strukturellen Verlauf zu finden. Daher wurde eine Untersuchung an 100 Kindern mit Spaltbildungen im Alter von 0-1;6 Jahren durchgeführt. Untersuchungsgegenstand waren die kindlichen Vokalisationen in der 1.Lallphase, der 2.Lallphase (prälinguistische Phase) und der Phase des Sprechbeginns (frühe linguistische Phase). Die Analyse umfaßte phonetische Parameter, den aktiven Wortschatz sowie die Silben- und Wortstrukturen. Die Auswertung ergab hinsichtlich des temporalen Verlaufs beim überwiegenden Teil der Probanden keine Unterschiede, hinsichtlich des strukturellen Verlaufs jedoch deutliche, typisch-spezifische Unterschiede im Vergleich zu altersgleichen Kindern ohne Spaltbildungen. / Even at the earliest stages, differences in speech development can be observed between children with cleft palate and those without cleft palate. One finds, however, only undifferentiated statements in the scientific literature on the early structural and linguistic phases. We therefore undertook an investigation of 100 children with cleft palate between the ages of 0 and 1;6 years. The subjects of the investigation were the children s vocalizations during the first and second babbling phases (prelinguistic phase) and during the onset of speech (early linguistic phase). The analysis included phonetic parameters and active vocabulary, as well as syllable and word structures. Our results showed no differences among the majority of the cildren, in terms of temporal development, and only typical-specific differences in structural development, in comparison with children of the same age without cleft palate.

This diploma thesis focuses on the communication competence of young learners with speech impediments. The theoretical part describes the development of young learners at primary school, speech ontogenesis from the child´s birth to their entering the first class. Then there is also analyzed communication and related communicative competence. Another section focuses on speech disorders, their classification. It is important to mention the prevention of speech therapy and the subsequent development of communication skills. The practical part is focused on research to determine the influence of defects on the level of speech communication skills of young pupils. This section is based on information obtained through interviews with teachers and five selected students´ parents at the basic school of speech therapy and the analysis of governesses and teachers´ diaries. The resulting data is recorded in case reports, tables and graphs.

The diploma thesis deals with the influence of Elkonin's method on phonological abilities in preschool age. In the term of content, the thesis is divided into two main parts - teoretical and empirical. The first main part creates a theoretical framework of the selected topic and is further divided into four chapters. First, the basic terminology - speech and language - are defined and the ontogenesis of human speech is conceptualized in more detail. The next chapter describes the phonological skills. There is also a distinction between phonological and phonemic awareness and a possible diagnosis of the field of phonological processing. Above all, the Battery of Tests of Phonological Abilities (by the authors Seidlová Málková and Caravolas) is described, because it was used for the needs of the research. The third chapter characterizes the methodology of D. B. Elkonin. The last chapter approaches school maturity and its diagnosis. The empirical part has a qualitative character and its main purpose of the researche is to analyze the influence of Elkonin's method on the phonological abilities of preschool children. From the research methods the analysis of the results of the activity, the analysis of the documents, the observation and the elaboration of the case study were used. Four preschool...

Объектом данного исследования является когнитивное, моторное и речевое развитие детей. Предметом: взаимосвязь темперамента и когнитивного развития детей младенческого и раннего возраста. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения, списка литературы (71 источник) и приложения, включающего в себя бланки применявшихся методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 129 страниц, на которых размещены 3 рисунка и 4 таблицы. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная гипотеза. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме исследования, описание понятия темперамента в историческом контексте, рассмотрены современные представления о темпераменте отечественной и западной школ Рассмотрены основные методы изучения темперамента. Более детальное рассмотрена концепция психобиологического подхода к развитию темперамента Мэри Ротбарт, а также результаты исследований, посвященных данной концепции. Во второй главе были рассмотрены особенности психического развития детей, был сделан обзор периодизаций развития детей до 3 лет. А также были рассмотрены особенности когнитивного, сенсомоторного и речевого развития в младенческом и раннем возрасте. Третья глава посвящена эмпирической части. В ней рассмотрены методики, использованные в данном исследовании: опросник поведения младенцев, а также «Шкалы развития Бэйли». Здесь представлен корреляционный анализ результатов исследования. А также обсуждение этих результатов. В заключении изложены выводы эмпирической части исследования. А также выводы по выдвинутой гипотезе, обоснована практическая значимость работы и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object of this study is the cognitive, motor and speech development of children. Subject: the relationship of temperament and cognitive development of infants and young children. The master's thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters, conclusion, list of references (71 sources) and an Appendix, including the forms of the applied techniques. The volume of the master's thesis is 129 pages, which contains 3 figures and 4 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, sets the purpose and objectives of the study, determines the object and subject of the study, and formulates the main hypothesis. The first Chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of research, the description of the concept of temperament in a historical context, modern ideas about the temperament of domestic and Western schools, the main methods of studying temperament. The concept of a psychobiological approach to the development of Mary Rothbart's temperament is considered in more detail, as well as the results of studies devoted to this concept. In the second Chapter, the features of mental development of children were considered, a review of periodization of development of children up to 3 years. The features of cognitive, sensorimotor and speech development in infancy and early age were also considered. The third Chapter is devoted to the empirical part. It describes the methods used in this study: a of infant behavior questionnaire (IBQ-R), and Веyley Scales of Infant Development. Here is a correlation analysis of the results of this research. As well as discussion of these results. In conclusion, the result of the empirical part of the research are presented. As well as conclusions on the proposed hypothesis, the practical significance of the work is justified and possible prospects for further development of this problem are described.

This Masters thesis focuses on issues of Specific Language Impairment - SLI of children of pre-school age. It monitors and evaluates development of their communication and motor skills during their time in kindergarten. The theoretical part focuses on defining basic terms which relate to communication and communication disorder with the emphasis on SLI. The psychomotor and communicational development of child from birth to entering school is described too. Also how this all affected creating the Framework Educational Programme for preschool education. The aim of the empirical part was to observe four children with SLI during their attendance at a pre-school for children with specific needs. Speech and psychomotor development of these children and its changes in connection to their teachers' intervention was observed. Part of the research included interviews with children's parents and those are also evaluated. The survey was done by the qualitative method. We get four case histories. At the end was evaluated the aims of the survey and answered questions asked and summarized the results of my investigation.

The diploma thesis consists of theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with a definition of important concepts such as philosophy for children, historical development of this program, personality of a child, communication and thinking of pre-school children. The practical part is conceived as a controlled dialogue with children in preschool education, with a great emphasis on expressing their emotions and experiencing a given situation.