The North West Province like any other province in South Africa receives transfers from national government, which get distributed accordingly to provincial departments. However, some provincial departments in the North West over the years have not been spending all the monies allocated to them by the provincial treasury. These monies are meant for the development of the province and consequently addressing of socioeconomic ills that confronts the province. This study recognised this as a critical concern that warranted inquisitiveness. Whether this behaviour, namely, underspending could be predicted and consequently prevented was not clear and thus gave rise to this study. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to establish whether under-spending provincial departments and fully-spending departments, respectively, displayed a specific spending pattern throughout the financial year. Data necessary to conduct this study was collected from Quarterly Provincial Expenditure Reports and Annual Reports of provincial departments of the North-West Provincial Government. The collected data was analysed by means of ratio analysis. The research results revealed that under-spending provincial departments and fully-spending departments, respectively, displayed spending patterns throughout the financial year. that are distinct to that of each other. The study further revealed that under-spending departments followed a slow pattern of spending. The converse was revealed for full y-spending departments. The study went on to suggest a blueprint pattern of spending that could be followed by depa11ments throughout the financial year. / Thesis (MBA) North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, 2013

Disputats, Groningen 2001. / Med nederlandsk resumé.

yes / This note highlights the value of using UQR for addressing the limitations inherent within previous methods involving conditional parameter distributions for spending analysis (QR and OLS). Using unique data and robust analysis using improved methods, our paper clearly demonstrates the over-importance attached to length of stay and the inadequate attention given to business travelers in previous research. There are clear benefits from UQR’s methodological robustness for assessing the multitude of variables related to tourist expenditures, particularly given UQR’s ability to inform across the spending distribution. Given tourism’s importance for the UK it is critical for expensive promotional activities to be targeted efficiently for ensuring effective policy making.

No description available.

No description available.

In 1964 the government of Kuwait established the Central Tenders Committee (CTC). Its aims were fivefold: 1) to control the major areas of government spending on services and development projects; 2) to reduce the expenses of government departments when buying from private suppliers and to ensure the highest quality of provision; 3) to organise, standardise and unite all tendering procedures for all government departments through the CTC; 4) to avoid breach of trust between government departments and employees; 5) to treat all contractors who tender with fairness and avoid favouritism throughout the tender procedures. The thesis evaluates the economic role of central tendering within a particular sociopolitical context: that of Kuwait, and highlights the organisational nature of the slow responding and highly bureaucratic CTC. The implications of this for a dynamic business culture are stressed, and the differences between the CTC as formal model and the reality are discussed. Further attention is paid to the question of who benefits from this process of tendering. It is clear that the impact on the state of this system is variable, despite the initial hopes for the CTC, but there is no obvious pattern of advantage for particular types of companies or countries. A questionnaire was circulated to a sample of CTC employees, clients, customers, and suppliers. Little has been attempted elsewhere to evaluate a CTC approach, leading to a lack of information and research. It was hoped that by the tool of the questionnaire method, light could be thrown on the relative advantagesa nd caseo f use of the CTC mechanism. The five fold aims of the CTC are recognised as being worthy and relevant, with evidence that with some exceptions all are being met to a greater or lesser degree, but that simplification of the procedures and a speeding up of the process would release many more benefits.

Inaug.-Diss.--Basel. / "Diese Arbeit erscheint unter dem Titel 'Schweizerische Steuerpolitik im Dienste der Vollbeschäftigung' im Cosmos-Verlag in Bern." Vita. Bibliography: p. 127-128.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited / This thesis evaluates the impact of spending by the Department of Defense and the Federal Government upon the economic growth of the states in which funds are expended. A pooled cross-section and time-series analysis is performed on a data base describing the period 1976-1985 and including the forty-eight contiguous states. Personal income is used as a proxy to measure economic growth. The econometric models are estimated using three separate regression methodologies. Consistent parameter estimates permit the author to conclude that Defense Investment spending is highly associated with economic growth. Defense Expense spending is less highly associated with growth. Federal spending other than for defense or intergovernmental aid to state and local governments exhibits an inconclusive relationship with economic growth. / http://archive.org/details/effectsofdepartm00anas / Lieutenant Commander, United States Navy

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Delaware, 2008. / Principal faculty advisor: Joel Best, Dept. of Sociology & Criminal Justice. Includes bibliographical references.

Includes bibliographical references / This dissertation is a collection of studies on the economics of peace and security. Chapter one introduces the roles military spending and conic play in affecting economic growth, while also considering the causes of civil conflict. Chapter two investigates the relationship between military expenditure and economic growth, considering group heterogeneity and non-linearity. Using an exogenous growth model and dynamic panel approach, the results suggest military burden to have a negative effect on growth. Breaking the overall panel down into various sub-samples shows estimates that are remark-ably consistent with the full panel. These results provide strong support for the argument that military spending has an adverse effect on growth. There are, however, some intriguing results suggesting that for certain types of countries military burden has no negative growth effect. Chapter three deals with the transnational spatial spillover effects of conflict on neighbouring countries. It moves beyond using geographical dis-tance as a spillover measurement and allows for economic and political distances. The initial empirical results suggest that conflict has a strong negative spillover effect on directly contiguous countries growth, but no significant impacts were observed for non-contiguous countries. When economic and political factors are considered, this result remains, but the spillover effect is smaller. While the impact of conflict remains devastating, it is important to take other factors into account as studies using only geographical distance may be overestimating the impact on neighbours. The fourth chapter examines the determinants of civil war, using a zero-inflated modelling approach to deal with excess zeroes in the dependent variable. Traditional probit and logit models have limited capacity in dealing with this issue and can create misleading results, which is illustrated through replicating published work. A general greed-grievance model is then estimated giving further support to using zero-inflated models. While the standard probit models tend to emphasise opportunity variables, consistent in other studies, the zero inflated model gives supports both opportunity and grievance variables. In particular, ethnicity, democracy and inequality are found to play a significant role in civil war prevalence. Finally, chapter five summarises the findings of the dissertation, providing some policy recommendations, concluding remarks and discusses future research opportunities.