This thesis studies innovation networks, R&D spillovers, spatial spillovers, productivity growth and associated adjustments in Taiwan high-technology industries. A dynamic production modeling is built up to estimate R&D and its spillover effects among and within high-technology industries to study the dynamic effects of inter-, intra-industry R&D and spatial spillovers and exogenous technical changes on output growth for Taiwan high-technology industries. The thesis involves analysis of R&D spillover effects among and within high-technology industries to study the dynamic perspectives of the innovation diffusion. As leading high-technology and network expand the horizons of economic agents¡¦ production possibilities and decisions, the spillovers between productive entities are likely to be of increasing importance in the knowledge-based economy. Understanding these productive inter-dependencies, and their potential to motivate various types of spillovers require modeling and measuring their existence and impacts. We provide a conceptual and empirical framework for measuring and evaluating various types of spillover mechanism, which allows us both to quantify the cost-effects and evaluating the contribution to productive performance. We explore the temporal, spatial, and industrial spillovers using a dynamic cost function model that explicitly parameterizes the spillover weights and econometrically estimates them. We extend the dynamic external spillover model framework, described in Tsai and Chen (2001), which assumed that each firm derives an optimal plan so that the expected present value of current and future costs stream is minimized. First, we study the spillover effects in the dimension of industry considerations and geography. Second, to identify all kinds of spillover sources, to assess the spillover processes, and to evaluate the contributions of such inter-dependencies in productive performance we incorporate the concept of spillover ratio into the industry dynamic model. The temporal, intra-industry, inter-industry, and spatial R&D spillovers are distinguished and, in doing so, provide a richer account of innovation, learning and the means which are encouraged by geographical proximity.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade, Departamento de Economia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Econômicas, 2017. / Submitted by Raquel Almeida (raquel.df13@gmail.com) on 2017-06-12T17:52:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_MarcusAndréSilveiradeCerqueira.pdf: 1112697 bytes, checksum: a3cc3fae1c5de5764c13244da543351f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana (raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2017-06-23T21:11:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_MarcusAndréSilveiradeCerqueira.pdf: 1112697 bytes, checksum: a3cc3fae1c5de5764c13244da543351f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-23T21:11:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017_MarcusAndréSilveiradeCerqueira.pdf: 1112697 bytes, checksum: a3cc3fae1c5de5764c13244da543351f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-23 / O estudo busca evidenciar a ocorrência de spillover tecnológico entre empresas do setor elétrico. A partir de dados da World Input-Output Database, com amostra para 40 países no período entre 1995 e 2011, estima-se o efeito do comércio internacional de máquinas e equipamentos elétricos sobre o valor adicionado por firmas dos segmentos industrial e de serviços associados ao setor elétrico. Os resultados indicam que, para estas atividades econômicas, os países absorvem tecnologia de forma diferente e que a ocorrência de spillover é mais relevante entre empresas que se encontram em países desenvolvidos. Observou-se ainda que a adição de valor ao negócio de energia elétrica estaria mais associada a fatores sistêmicos do que, necessariamente, à comercialização de máquinas e equipamentos elétricos por parte de empresas deste setor. / This study aims to identify technology spillover between electricity sector´s firms. Using World Input-Output Database, with 40 countries, from 1995 to 2011, it is estimated the effect of electrical machines international trade on electric industry and electricity services value added. The results indicate that, at electricity sector, countries absorb technology differently and the spillover occurrence is more relevant at developed countries. It was observed that the value added at electricity sector would be more associated to systemic factors than to electrical machines and equipment international trade.

This thesis is a collection of theoretical essays in the area of horizontal M&As and R&D with spillovers. As we know, organizations consider horizontal M&As as the external mode of expansion, and regard R&D as one of the most efficient internal expansion modes, to achieve and maintain sustainable growth. This thesis pursues the firm growth's tactic to trace the impact of two aforementioned expansion modes on firm's performance and profitability. The dissertation is divided into two parts, which respectively focus on the following issues:Part I: (competitive effects of external growth strategies)Horizontal M&As generate cost variation via uncertainty (Chapter 1) or via technological transfer (Chapter 2). We aim to study different types of horizontal M&A and find out which one is the most profitable from the national perspective, and to verify whether the M&A entry option is more efficient compared to others, such as Greenfield FDI and exporting, from the international perspective.Part II: (competitive effects of internal growth strategies)R&D effort contributes to cost reduction (Chapter 3) or to quality enhancement (Chapter 4), and it can be beneficial to other firms at no cost due to spillover effect. By considering the long-run R&D decision and the short-run price (or quantity) decision, we attempt to distinguish between full and partial regimes in terms of collusion (Ch.3) or delegation (Ch.4), and to illustrate whether firms have incentive to adopt partial regime.

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<p>Urban problems have several features that make them inherently dynamic. Large transaction costs all but guarantee that homeowners will do their best to consider how a neighborhood might change before buying a house. Similarly, stores face large sunk costs when opening, and want to be sure that their investment will pay off in the long run. In line with those concerns, different areas of Economics have made recent advances in modeling those questions within a dynamic framework. This dissertation contributes to those efforts.</p><p>Chapter 2 discusses how to model an agent’s location decision when the agent must learn about an exogenous amenity that may be changing over time. The model is applied to estimating the marginal willingness to pay to avoid crime, in which agents are learning about the crime rate in a neighborhood, and the crime rate can change in predictable (Markovian) ways.</p><p>Chapters 3 and 4 concentrate on location decision problems when there are externalities between decision makers. Chapter 3 focuses on the decision of business owners to open a store, when its demand is a function of other nearby stores, either through competition, or through spillovers on foot traffic. It uses a dynamic model in continuous time to model agents’ decisions. A particular challenge is isolating the contribution of spillovers from the contribution of other unobserved neighborhood attributes that could also lead to agglomeration. A key contribution of this chapter is showing how we can use information on storefront ownership to help separately identify spillovers.</p><p>Finally, chapter 4 focuses on a class of models in which families prefer to live</p><p>close to similar neighbors. This chapter provides the first simulation of such a model in which agents are forward looking, and shows that this leads to more segregation than it would have been observed with myopic agents, which is the standard in this literature. The chapter also discusses several extensions of the model that can be used to investigate relevant questions such as the arrival of a large contingent high skilled tech workers in San Francisco, the immigration of hispanic families to several southern American cities, large changes in local amenities, such as the construction of magnet schools or metro stations, and the flight of wealthy residents from cities in the Rust belt, such as Detroit.</p> / Dissertation

The paper analyzes effects of the financial crisis on stock market of the Czech Republic and Spain. We employ BEKK-GARCH model in order to study volatility spillovers and transmissions from the US stock market to stock markets of the Czech Republic and Spain. The multivariate GARCH models results show statistically significant, but relatively small, almost irrelevant volatility spillovers from the US stock market to stock markets of the Czech Republic and Spain. The Czech stock market exhibits higher conditional correlation coefficient than the Spanish stock market.

his study aims to estimate whether the international linkage exists positive spillovers from international linkages or not and how to influence the output growth by international technology spillovers. According to the previous literatures, there are few focuses on firm¡¦s cost and the source of output growth. In here, 2000-2005 years panel data are analyzed to illustrate how the manufacturing sectors of Taiwan and China are influenced by their multinational corporation through via international trade activities. I suggest that technology destination countries are not possible to absorb all international technology at once from technology source country. This is mainly because absorption capacity depends on the binary structural similarity index and the absorption capacity index. The empirical results show that international technology spillovers has a significant positive effect in output growth, technology and human capital of China¡¦s manufacturing sectors via international trade activities with Taiwan. On the other side, the empirical results show that Taiwan manufacturing sectors have no significant positive effect in output growth, technology and human capital from international technology spillovers via international trade activities with China nevertheless.

This thesis studies the efficient organisation of economic institutions. In the first chapter we analyse how foreign direct investment projects can generate spillovers through backward linkages. An investment project can generate such spillovers if local competitors in the project's own industry can benefit from the upstream efficiency improvements that were induced by the entry of the foreign firm. The existence of the spillover effect depends crucially on the supplier arrangement that is chosen by the foreign firm. The foreign firm could avoid the spillover effect by producing the input itself or by contracting with only a small number of local suppliers. We use an incomplete contract framework to study the conditions under which the foreign firm optimally chooses a supplier arrangement that generates spillovers to the local industry. In the second chapter we study an incomplete contract model in which a buyer and a seller first agree on an efficient ownership structure and then bargain over the price of an input. We allow for asymmetric information at the ex post bargaining stage. The ownership structure that the agents agree on ex ante determines the payoff that each of them can realise before reaching agreement ex post. We show that an ownership structure that lowers the parties' joint pre-agreement payoffs accelerates ex post decision making but also makes delay in decision making more costly. We derive the ownership distribution that minimises the ex post bargaining inefficiencies. In the third chapter we compare the efficiency of private and public provision of contract enforcement services. We show that self-interested agents with coercive power may have an incentive to use this power to enforce contracts between third parties. However, such agents also engage in extortion. We analyse how social welfare depends on the number of self-interested agents with coercive power and whether such agents face democratic elections.