ABSTRACT “THE BLESSED SPIRIT”: AN ANALYSIS OF THE PNEUMATOLOGY OF BENJAMIN BEDDOME AS AN EARLY EVANGELICAL Daniel Scott Ramsey, Ph.D. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 2017 Chair: Dr. Michael A. G. Haykin The pneumatology of Benjamin Beddome, a Particular Baptist and early evangelical, provides the historian with a verifiable continuum between the theology of the Puritans and the early evangelicals with their common emphasis on the ministry of the Holy Spirit, and a latter-day outpouring of the Spirit with millennial implications. Serving over five decades as pastor in the town of Burton-on the-Water, Beddome was a prolific writer, producing hundreds of sermons and hymns. While he held many of the same views as his contemporaries, Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield, his pneumatology bears the influence of earlier Puritans, and especially those of his Baptist forefathers. The typical Reformed emphases, such as preaching, the Word and the Spirit, and an expectation of periodic outpourings of the Holy Ghost, were carried over by early Baptists in London, after their birth from an independent Puritan church in Southwark. The seven original congregations multiplied rapidly, producing several confessions that aligned with other churches of the Reformed tradition. Beddome’s ontology of the Spirit reflects his strong Trinitarian views upholding His deity, along with His distinct personhood. His pneumatology bears all the imprints of classic Reformed theology, but along with other early evangelicals, gives special emphasis to its teaching on periodic outpourings, renewal, and conversions. These similarities show amazing continuity as Puritan pneumatology came to full fruition with Beddome and the early evangelicals.

Orientador: João Bosco Faria / Coorientador: Maurício Boscolo / Banca: Douglas Wagner Franco / Banca: Roberto da Silva / Banca: Fernando Valadares Novaes / Banca: Maurício Boscolo / Resumo: Este estudo teve como objetivo aplicar β-glicosidases produzidas por microrganismos taxonomicamente distantes do gênero Saccharomyces na produção de aguardente de cana, visando uma maior liberação de compostos flavorizantes, em especial os monoterpenos para a obtenção de aguardentes com atributo sensorial floral mais intenso. Testes preliminares foram realizados adicionando-se extrato bruto de β-glicosidases do Aureobasidium pullulans ER-16 e do Thermoascus aurantiacus CBMAI-756 no caldo de quatro variedades de cana-de-açúcar, com pH 4.5 e diferentes condições de temperatura, agitação e tempo de hidrólise. O complexo enzimático produzido pelo microrganismo T. aurantiacus foi adicionado anteriormente à inoculação do caldo de cana com a Saccharomyces cerevisiae, e a fermentação padrão com S. cerevisiae foi adotada como referência. A determinação dos efeitos das β-glicosidases na desglicosilação de terpenos foi avaliada utilizando um cromatógrafo gasoso acoplado a um espectrômetro de massas (GC-MS), com injeção da fase vapor do mosto e dos produtos de destilação no modo head-space com micro extração em fase sólida (HS-SPME), além da aplicação de testes de análise sensorial. Nenhum composto terpênico foi encontrado nos caldos originais, entretanto citronelol, nerol e geraniol foram encontrados nos caldos de cana tratados com β-glicosidases, na faixa de microgramas por litro, exceto para variedade IAC87-3396. Temperatura, tempo de hidrólise e agitação não afetou os valores encontrados, entretanto uma maior eficiência da atividade hidrolítica de β-glicosidases do T. aurantiacus foi encontrada. Não foi observada a presença de linalol e nerol na cahaça controle até o limite de detecção de 5 μg/L, entretanto a presença de linalol e nerol foi confirmada na cachaça tratada... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research aims to apply β-glucosidase produced by microorganisms taxonomically distant from the genus Saccharomyces to produce Brazilian sugar cane spirit, seeking a greater release of flavor compounds, especially monoterpenes to brandies with obtaining sensory attribute floral more intense. The enzymatic complexe by Aureobasidium pullulans ER-16 and Thermoascus aurantiacus CBMAI-756 were added to the juices from four sugar cane varieties, with pH 4.5 and under different conditions of temperature, agitation and hydrolysis time. The enzyme complexe produced by microorganism Thermoascus aurantiacus, was added before the inoculation of sugarcane juice with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fermentation pattern of S. cerevisiae was used as a reference. The determination of the effects of the addition of β-glucosidases in the deglycosylation of terpenes was evaluated by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with injection of the vapor of the distillates in order to head-space micro-phase extraction solid (HS-SPME), and sensory evaluation. No terpenic compounds were found in the original juices, but citronellol, nerol and geraniol were found in the treated sugar cane juices in the range of micrograms per liter, except for variety IAC87-3396. Temperature, hydrolysis time and agitation did not show to be significant parameters in this process, however a greater efficiency of the hydrolytic activity of β-glucosidases from the T. aurantiacus was found. Linallol and nerol weren't detected in the control cachaça at LOD of 5 μg/L, whereas in the enzymatic treated cachaça, the presence of linallol and nerol was confirmed. The concentrations of terpienol and geraniol were significantly increased in treated sugar cane juice spirit, which received higher scores in the sensory evaluation. / Doutor

This thesis concerns the cultural meanings of zar spirit possession in Hofriyat, a Northern Sudanese village. It begins with an interpretive analysis of the Hofriyati everyday world, showing village kinship, marriage, and prevalent customs such as female circumcision to be informed by a common idiom: "interiority" or relative enclosure. In Part II it proceeds to discuss, in terms of that idiom, contexts in which the possession idiom might be invoked: who claims to be possessed, and under what conditions. Here it emerges that zar possession plays an important role in the negotiation and renegotiation of meaning by "rephrasing" interpersonal conflict, symbolically restructuring certain life experiences for the Hofriyati, and effecting realignments of kin relations and social positions in ways deemed favorable to the possessed. Next comes a comparison of the zar propitiation ritual and the local wedding ceremony, in which zar is seen to operate as a meta-cultural text, a comment upon the realities of everyday life and the informative idiom of village culture. This idea is carried forward into Part III, where the system of zar beliefs and spirit manifestations is discussed in its own right. Here possession is viewed as an esthetic form and ' potential messages to be derived from the identities and associations of the spirits are considered. In sum, this thesis is an attempt to describe Hofriyati cultural meanings — the logic of everyday life, its negotiation through acknowledgement of possession affliction, and its secondary or meta-cultural elaboration in ritual and in the system of zar beliefs. It draws principally upon the works of symbolic anthropologists such as Geertz, Turner, and Crapanzano, and upon the insights of Paul Ricoeur for theoretical guidance. However, the "theory of Hofriyati culture" which emerges in the dissertation is understood to be the result of interactions between the researcher and her Hofriyati informants. The thesis is an interpretation, a special sort of negotiated meaning. / Arts, Faculty of / Anthropology, Department of / Graduate

The People's Republic of China is home to numerous beliefs, practices, and customs dating back hundreds, if not thousands of years. In the time since the death of Mao Zedong, many practices have been revived, including the practice of spirit possession. Through careful examination of books, articles, videos, and other sources, I have come to the conclusion that individuals now capable of being possessed in China are a break from previously documented spirit-mediums, nor do they fit into the category termed `shamans' best defined by Mircea Eliade and I.M. Lewis. These individual are heirs to a long history, but have innovated as well as revived previous practices. They now embody a new category, one I have termed spirit-worker. Spirit-workers incorporate aspects of both traditional spirit-mediumship as well as what has been termed shamanism. Although I did not have a chance to do my own fieldwork, through looking at the various sources, we can come to understand how spirit-workers have begun to emerge in China, and what the future may hold for these individuals.

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I Don't Share Spirit Animals is presented in conjunction with a visual art exhibition that is made up of mixed material sculpture and painting. Primary ideas explored within the body of work are the uncanny, personal mythology and material transformation.

The purpose of this thesis is to show that the Holy Spirit, as He is revealed in Sacred Literature and in the lives and experiences of men, is a Person possessing all the attributies of a person and doing work which can be accomplished only by a person.

<p>In this thesis, I examine the pneumatology of Cyril of Alexandria ( d. 444). Cyril was one of the foremost exegetes and theologians of the patristic period, and so was a figure of considerable importance in the history of the development of Christian theology. Of central concern for Cyril throughout his writings was the doctrine of the Holy Spirit, a fact that is unsurprising given that the archbishop came to prominence shortly after pneumatological controversies in the late fourth century were addressed through the calling of the council of Constantinople in 381.</p> <p> I demonstrate in this study that Cyril's understanding of the Holy Spirit revolves primarily around his identity as the Spirit of the Son and the soteriological ramifications of the unity of the Spirit with the Son. Although Cyril is insistent that the Spirit is the Spirit of both the Father and the Son, it is his relationship with the latter that receives particular attention. This accentuation on the unity that exists between the Spirit and the Son influences Cyril's interpretation of potentially problematic passages of scripture, particularly those that refer to the work of the Holy Spirit in relation to Jesus Christ. His emphasis on the unity of the Spirit and the Son also profoundly shapes his perception of the Spirit's person and his role in the salvation of humanity. He portrays the Spirit largely with respect to his likeness to the Son, and ties the Spirit's soteriological operations directly to this likeness. Cyril does not engage in the kind of trinitarian speculation regarding eternal relations as is found in Augustine's De Trinitate. He focuses rather on the interaction of God with the created order and what this interaction tells us about God as triune. Cyril's emphasis on the Spirit as the Spirit of the Son is borne out of his perception that the mystery of God has been revealed to us concretely in the person of Christ, and therefore that our understanding of the Holy Spirit is inextricable from the revelation of the incarnate Word and the soteriological possibilities Christ extended to all humanity. I argue that Cyril constructs a pneumatology wherein the far-reaching soteriological role of the Holy Spirit in relation to Jesus Christ is delineated, and in the process provides a conception of the Holy Spirit that is nuanced and vigorous.</p> <p> My examination of Cyril's pneumatology involves analysis of his understanding of the identity and divinity of the Holy Spirit vis-a-vis the Father and the Son, the role of the Spirit in the incarnation and life of the Son, and the particular soteriological work of the Spirit in the individual believer as well as in the formation, structure, and unity of the church. Primary attention is given to three works: De Trinitate Dialogi (Dialogues on the Trinity), written 423-25; In Joannem (Commentary on the Gospel of John), written 425- 28; and In Lucam (Commentary on the Gospel of Luke), written c. 430. In addition to these writings, I draw on various other commentaries written by the archbishop, as well as on his anti-Nestorian compositions.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Thesis advisor: Angela K. Harkins / Thesis advisor: Giovanni B. Bazzana / Thesis (STL) — Boston College, 2022. / Submitted to: Boston College. School of Theology and Ministry. / Discipline: Sacred Theology.

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