The diploma thesis is concerned with actual negotiations within the multilateral trading system of WTO. The first chapter is focused on the topics negotiated. The second chapter focuses on Ministerial conference in 2013 and the last chapter discusses the trade dispute between Canada and the US about the mandatory labeling of foods.

The genus Caliciopsis contains several representatives of the ascomycetous fungi which produce cankers on conifers. They comprise an interesting group with respect to morphology, physiology, and host response but have received relatively little attention in the past. The biology of this fungus is not totally elucidated. This study is focused on the description of seasonal spore dispersal of Caliciopsis pinea Peck and its relation to meteorological conditions which is needed for more precise and effective control of the disease. For this experiment the plantation of Pinus radiata in Carcheri (Lastra a Signa, Florence, Italy) was chosen. This plantation had symptoms of infection. A rotating arm spore trap and a weather station were installed here to obtain data from May to November 2016. Air samples were evaluated by qPCR with a very low detection limit. It has been found that spore traps are suitable for capturing the spore of this pathogen even with a very low incidence of inoculum in the air. Results show the presence of C. pinea inoculum throughout the entire sampling period with the highest peak in October. There is also a significant influence of precipitation on spore production. This work can help to better understand the life cycle of this pathogen. It can also contribute to enhance the control of this fungus and the protection of hosts.

This diploma thesis deals with two types of disputes under the Czech employment law - the employment disputes and the labor disputes. The main reason for choosing this topic of the thesis was partly due to author's personal experience with the employment dispute, the extensive judicial case law as well as some aspects of the solution of employment disputes before the court - especially the length of proceedings and the decreasing number of cases brought before the court. The first chapter of this thesis relates to procedural aspects of the employment disputes and the author analyzes the main differences between "ordinary" civil proceedings and the employment disputes proceedings. The basic difference is the appointment of the court in the employment disputes, especially the assessors, and the decision-making process of the panel of judges. The main focus of this thesis is a chapter dealing with the employment disputes about the invalidity of the termination of employment, especially focusing on the substantive legislation of each of the methods of the termination of employment and the basic conclusions from the case law of the general courts. Following the main chapter are also solved questions about employment disputes regarding the amount due of the wage and also the issue of disputes concerning...

Diplomová práce se zabývá mírovým řešením mezinárodních sporů. První část práce tvoří ucelený přehled mírových prostředků k řešení mezinárodních sporů - jednak prostředků řešení sporů dohodou a prostředků v případě jednostranného řešení sporů, jednak uvádí nástroje OSN a orgány OSN odpovědné za mezinárodní mír a bezpečnost. Ve druhé části práce je zkoumána aplikace mírových prostředků OSN na konkrétních příkladech: Kypr,Afghánistán, Irák a Rwanda.

In the bacterium Escherichia coli, cell division involves the concerted inward growth of all three layers of the cell envelope: the cytoplasmic membrane, the peptidoglycan (PG) cell wall, and the outer membrane. This is a complex, highly regulated process that involves over 20 proteins. Four of these proteins contain a domain of ~70 amino acids known as a SPOR domain (Pfam no. 05036). One of these SPOR domains (from a protein named FtsN) has been shown previously to bind PG. In this thesis we show that six additional SPOR domains, three from E. coli and three from other bacterial species, also bind PG. Thus, PG binding is a general activity of SPOR domains. We then examine the SPOR domain from DamX of E. coli in detail. In collaboration with Dr. Andrew Fowler of the NMR Core Facility, we determined the solution structure of the domain. The domain adopts an "RNP fold," characterized by a four-stranded anti-parallel β-sheet that is buttressed on one side by α-helixes. Several mutant forms of the DamX SPOR domain were constructed and studied both in vivo and in vitro. These studies support the following inferences: 1) The β-sheet is the PG-binding site; 2) The β-sheet contains critical information for targeting the SPOR domain to the midcell; 3) The SPOR domain probably localizes to the midcell by binding preferentially to septal PG; and 4) It follows, then, that septal PG must differ from PG elsewhere around the cell. We suggest that further studies of the SPOR:PG interaction will yield novel insights into PG biogenesis during septation. This thesis also presents an in vivo characterization of several mutant forms of a cytoplasmic membrane protein named FtsW, homologs of which are found in all bacteria that contain a PG cell wall. FtsW recruits a PG synthase named FtsI to the division site and might also transport PG precursors across the cytoplasmic membrane. We systematically mutagenized each of FtsW's ten transmembrane (TM) helixes and investigated the ability of the mutant proteins to support division, localize to the division site, and recruit FtsI. This characterization leads us to propose that TM1 is involved in targeting FtsW to the division site, TM4 is involved in the putative transport activity, and TM10 is involved in recruitment of FtsI.

The aim of this diploma thesis dedicated to the issue of incidental disputes in insolvency proceeding was to determine the incidental disputes in proceedings, categorize them systematically, outline their character and set a comprehensive overview of these disputes. Within the insolvency proceedings incidental disputes are largely solved as case law, which the author of this work deals within the description of the various types of disputes. The thesis is divided into fourteen chapters, which are further divided into subsections and parts. The first two chapters are devoted to insolvency proceeding in general, especially when the character and purpose of the insolvency proceeding as well as the conceptual definition of insolvency proceeding and its consequences are outlined, because without these underlying premise would be impossible to describe the issue as a whole. Incidental disputes have undergone throughout history certain development and as an incidental are spoken only in the 90s of the 20th century. The third chapter of the thesis is dedicated to the historical development of insolvency proceedings in Czech territory and comparisons applicable regulation of insolvency proceedings with modifications beginning in the 1781 and the issue of the general bankruptcy order compared to other...

1 Abstract The thesis is focused primarily on medical litigations in which either patient or (usually) his family apply for a remedy due to a medical malpractice (deviation from medical proffesional duty of care (lex artis) resulting in injury or death of the pacient. Author concentrate on this problematics from the perspective of defendant. At first, he think about setting targets of the hospital (defendant) in the dispute, then he consider ways to achieve these goals (which instruments can be used) . The thesis also consists of analyses of 20 medical litigations. Before the main part author introduces general theoretical questions and refer to the literature on which he based his thesis, as he decided to not deal with general issues. In this context he mentions areas to which, according to him, the doctrine does not yet provide answers. The author's research follows these questions and in following text he concentrates on them and tries to find the answers to controversial questions. These includes, for example, whether in practice the concept of "další nemajetkové újmy" is fulfilled the intention of the lawgiver, wheter the regulation of liberation of liability is applicable in medical litigations and what is its relationship with the "lex artis corrections". After this, the author specifies the methods...

The thesis tries to analyse dispute over path of the D3 highway through locality of Posázaví. Discussion about this topic was talked over in media space for over twenty-five years. Many actors from public, governmental and political sphare participated in the discussion over the time. Thesis use analysis of local press andother other resources to create complex picture of the dispute including actors a their actions wih primary focus on description of argumetns and topics with their developement. Deeper analysis with use of other literature will be inherent. Secondary purpose of the thesis will be describe conflict from historic perspective and name main actors with their arguments.

Diplomová práce Spor o pozitivismus v německé sociologii. Renáta Vondráková. 2012. Abstract The main theme of the work is the issue of positivism dispute, which is commonly referred to discussions that occurred in German sociology in the sixties. It was a debate between advocates of critical theory, which were Theodor W. Adorno and Jürgen Habermas, and the concept of critical rationalism of Karl R. Popper and Hans Albert. The discussion initially was confined to issues related to the logic of the social sciences, for many reasons, but rather applied to differences between the concepts and challenges of science from the perspective of both the above approaches. Also the description and discovery purposes and contexts that led to the overturning topic discussion are devoted to this work. The aim is to describe the external influences as widely as possible and how it affected the final understanding of the dispute, but also how well the positivism dispute turned the concepts of science in the following period. The first part is concerned with social and historical situation in which the dispute arose. Followed by an outline of key terms that in connection with a dispute likely occur, in fact it is the analysis of major issues. Emphasis is placed on a thorough description of the first two contributions to the...

12. Abstract Costs of civil proceedings with concentration in petty cases This diploma thesis focuses on costs of civil trial proceedings. Although costs of proceedings are often perceived as a secondary topic, their reimbursement may commonly represent a very problematic issue for a party to a case. Costs of proceedings are incurred by both parties to a case or involved parties and the state. The thesis describes different principles that are applied to decision-making about reimbursement of the costs of proceedings with regard to their origin and the type of proceedings. After a general introduction to the costs of proceedings issues I pay attention to different types of costs of proceedings. In the second chapter I deal in more detail with the representation fee, which is usually the largest expense of the party to the case. Further I explain the terms of payment and reimbursement of the costs of proceedings. I also study an institute of moderation law that enables the court in certain conditions to disallow the reimbursement of the costs fully or partially. The core of my thesis is the reimbursement of the costs in petty cases. The whole chapter is devoted to the term of petty case because of controversial issues of one instance appeal and the limits of boundaries that set petty cases. Minor cases which...