Correct formation during starting block execution is important for injury prevention and obtaining maximum velocity during the sprint. Researchers in applied behavior analysis have evaluated several procedures to improve performance in sports such as gymnastics, football, and, golf. A promising method to improve sports performance is expert modeling plus video feedback. However, there is little research on this method and it has yet to be evaluated with sprinters in track and field. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of expert modeling and video feedback to improve form during block starts with track and field sprinters. Results revealed marked improvement from baseline to intervention across all four participants that was maintained at follow-up.

Behavior analysis procedures have been used to improve sports performance and enhance player safety across a wide variety of sports. The current study evaluated the effects of behavioral skills training on three common field hockey hits, a slap shot, drive, and sweep for young field hockey players. The procedures were evaluated in a multiple baseline across behaviors for three players. Results showed increases in each type of shot once intervention was implemented.

The main aim and meaning of this thesis is to provide the organisation of Dukla Plzeň with realistic inputs for work with motivation and stimulation of sports shooters, based on theory and empirical research. Areas focused on by empirical research are sports performance and sports and performance motivation of shooters in Dukla Plzeň. Methods used for researching are a written questionnaire and personal, oral interviewing. The empirical research identifies motives of shooters for participation in sports shooting and motivational and stimulating factors impacting one's sports performance. Based on obtained research results, ways to motivate and stimulate individuals to sports shooting and increased sports performance are suggested. The research reveals interesting and surprising learnings, fully utilizable for coaching practice at Dukla Plzeň. A similar research has neither been conducted at Dukla Plzeň, nor at other shooting clubs in the Czech Republic; thus, it is being very popular with the management of Dukla Plzeň.

Orientador: Fúlvia de Barros Manchado-Gobatto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Aplicadas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T03:05:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Messias_LeonardoHenriqueDalcheco_M.pdf: 2572049 bytes, checksum: 2fde9bc4ef1a01469a73e1523c00636f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A utilização de avaliações fisiológicas para modalidade esportivas em ascensão se faz necessária para promoção do monitoramento e melhor controle do treinamento. Entretanto, nesse processo a especificidade da modalidade em questão necessita de ser preservada. Sendo o metabolismo anaeróbio extremamente requisitado durante as provas de canoagem slalom, a aplicação de sistemas atados para determinação de parâmetros acerca dessa via energética pode ser extremamente interessante. Desse modo, o objetivo do presente projeto foi aplicar um teste específico atado para a determinação de parâmetros anaeróbios de canoístas slalom e, estudar a relação dos resultados obtidos nesse teste com o desempenho esportivo na modalidade. Para isso, atletas de elevado rendimento nesse esporte foram submetidos a um teste all-out de 30-s atado (em piscina) e avaliação de desempenho (em corredeira), todas realizadas sob caíque. O sistema de canoagem atado (SCA) foi utilizado no teste de all-out. Os canoístas remaram atado utilizando uma corda elástica atada ao caiaque e a uma célula de carga fixada na borda da piscina conectada a um sistema de aquisição de dados com sinais sendo coletados a 1000hz. Um teste all-out anaeróbio atado de 30-s, foi aplicado para a determinação de valores absolutos (A) e relativos (R) de força pico (FPico), média (FMéd), mínima (FMin), índice de fadiga (IF) e impulso. Uma simulação de prova contendo 24 portas foi aplicada objetivando a aquisição de variáveis como tempo de prova (TP), distância, velocidade média e respostas acerca da freqüência cardíaca durante o esforço. Nos testes de all-out e simulação de prova, coletas de sangue (25ul) visando a análise da concentração de lactato sanguíneo foram realizadas antes dos testes, e no 2°, 4°, 6°, 8° e 10° minuto após testes. A aplicação de provas simuladas para análise de respostas fisiológicas e de desempenho dos atletas permitiu observar a existência de correlações mais pronunciadas entre o rendimento e alguns dos parâmetros obtidos nos diversos tipos de testes anaeróbios. Dentre essas, foram destacadas as significantes e inversas correlações visualizadas entre TP (109,1±15,0 s) e A.FPico (170,29±35,36 N; r= -0,60), R. FPico (2,50±0,39 N¿kg; r= vii -0,71), A.FMéd (121,12±23,58 N; r= -0,61), R.FMéd (1,78±0,26 N¿kg ; r= -0,73), A.Impulso (3634,73±707,26 N/s; r= -0,61) e R.Impulso (53,46±7,72; N/s¿kg r= -0,73). Desse modo, foi possível, após a conclusão do projeto, diagnosticar quais parâmetros, de fato, foram mais atrelados com o rendimento, propondo direcionamentos concretos relacionados ao monitoramento de intensidade do esforço e ao treinamento objetivando o desempenho esportivo / Abstract: The using of physiological evaluations is utmost necessary for training monitoring and control. However, in this process is necessary to preserve the specificity. Considering that the anaerobic metabolism is required during canoe slalom races, the application of tethered evaluations for anaerobic assessment may be relevant. Thus, the aim of this study was apply an specific tethered test to determine anaerobic parameters of slalom kayakers and study the relationship of these parameters with the performance in canoe slalom races. Slalom kayakers were evaluated by means of a 30-s all-out tethered test (in swimming pool) and performance evaluation (river rapid) using a kayak. Tethered canoe system (TCS) was used in the all-out test. Slalom kayakers paddled tethered using an elastic cord fixed in the swimming pool connected to a system of data acquisition being collected at 1000 Hz. The all-out 30-s test was applied for the assessment of absolute (A) and relative (R) peak force (PForce), mean force (MeForce), minimum force (MinForce), fatigue index (FI) and impulse. A simulated race with 24 gates was applied for performance assessments. Inverse correlations were visualized between time of race (109,1±15,0 s) and A.PForce (170,29±35,36 N; r= -0,60), R. PForce (2,50±0,39 N¿kg; r=-0,71), A.MeForce (121,12±23,58 N; r= -0,61), R.MeForce (1,78±0,26 N¿kg ; r= -0,73), A.Impulse (3634,73±707,26 N/s; r= -0,61) e R.Impulse (53,46±7,72; N/s¿kg r= -0,73). Thus, was possible after the conclusion of this study visualize which parameters were related with the performance, proposing guidance for effort intensity monitoring for better performance / Mestrado / Biodinâmica do Movimento Humano e Esporte / Mestre em Ciências da Nutrição e do Esporte e Metabolismo

O fenômeno da compensação pode ser identificado em atletas que atuam no mesmo nível de desempenho esportivo, mas, que tenham características morfológicas e funcionais diferentes. Algumas características podem apresentar escores baixos (em relação a seus pares), e são compensadas por outras com escores altos. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi verificar a existência do fenômeno da compensação em atletas de voleibol infanto-juvenis e adultas por meio de características antropométricas, de aptidão física e psicossociais. As discussões foram realizadas em quatro etapas. Na primeira etapa, foram descritas as características antropométricas, somatotípicas, de aptidão física e psicossociais. Na segunda etapa, foram verificados a idade de início da prática esportiva no vôlei e quantos anos de treinamento cada atleta tinha acumulado em sua carreira. Na terceira etapa, foram averiguadas as semelhanças e as diferenças na combinação dos perfis antropométrico, de aptidão física e psicossocial das atletas, por meio de escores padronizados. Na quarta e última etapa, foi constatada a efetividade da seleção de talentos considerando-se duas variáveis determinantes para o voleibol: a estatura e a impulsão vertical. Os resultados encontrados indicaram que é possível identificar o fenômeno da compensação em atletas de voleibol do mesmo nível de desempenho esportivo. / The compensation phenomenon may be identified in athletes that compete at the same performance level, but achieve this performance level through distinct morphological and functional characteristics. An athlete may present lower scores in some characteristics, but he can compensate them having higher scores in others. The aim of this study was to identify the compensation phenomenon in junior and in senior female volleyball players through anthropometric, motor abilities and psychosocial characteristics. The analysis of the compensation phenomenon was performed in a four-step approach. In the first step, anthropometric, somatotype, motor abilities and psychosocial characteristics were described. In the second step, age of practice start and years each athlete had accumulated in the training career were described. In the third step, similarities and differences of the athletes were analyzed through the combination of anthropometric, motor abilities and psychosocial profile scores padronization. Finally, in the fourth, the efficiency of talent selection was verified considering two determinant characteristics of volleyball players: height and vertical jump. The results showed that is possible to identify the compensation phenomenon in athletes that compete in the same level of sport performance.

Title The genetic predisposition of a speed ability among the players of the 1st and 2nd Czech football league. Study aim To determine the impact of ACE I/D, ACTN3 R577X, AMPD1 Gln12X, BDKRB2 9/+9, IL1RN VNTR, NOS3 Glu298Asp, UCP2 Ala55Val polymorphisms genotype frequencies on the results of the speed ability motor tests. Methods DNA samples obtained from epithelial mouth were quantified and analyzed using the PCR method from 106 football players of the 1st and 2nd Czech football league (age 25,3 ± 4,69; weight 77,5 ± 7,33; height 181,2 ± 6,23). Genotype frequencies were estimated for the ACE I/D, ACTN3 R577X, AMPD1 Gln12X, BDKRB2 9/+9, IL1RN VNTR, NOS3 Glu298Asp, UCP2 Ala55Val polymorphism. Motor speed ability was tested by the vertical jump height, produced power and power impulse for the countermovement jump, countermovement jump without arms swing and squat jump. Isokinetic maximal power of flexors and extensors of the knee were tested at the angle speed 60ř.s-1 , 180ř.s-1 , 300ř.s-1 . Χ2 test (Pearson's chi-square test) was used to determine the genotypes difference for the parameters of the motor speed ability tests in the football players who exceeded 80th percentil compare to the other football players. Kruskal- Wallis test was used to determine dependence (p = 0,05) of the genotypes...

Title: The effect of vibration training on the Power Plate on human performance Objectives: Following the training schedule, the groups will be tested and results compared; as well as the study results revealed. Methods: In my diploma work I set out to test 16 individuals, who undergo an 8 week training program on the Power Plate vibration technology machine. Eight women and eight men will be separated into two groups. The first group (four men, and four women) will exercise on a vibrating machine, whereas the second group will exercise on the machine without any vibrational stimulus. Explosive agilities (Boscuv test - longest air-time). Reaction speed (auditory reaction to a beep signal, and reactometer test for both the upper and lower limbs. Flexibility (testing a sitting hamstring reach). Antropometric testing (Body mass, girth, active muscle weight, BMI). In order to be able to judge development, as well as to gauge kinesiologic abilities, I applied a number of special tests. The results of individual results are noted in the tables. The T-test was applied as a statistics method. Results: Through repeated measure, it was discovered that the group training on the Power Plate achieved improvements in three out of four tests. Two tests showed above average results against standard, especially in...

Purpose: To investigate if the Functional Movement Screen (FMSâ„¢) total score, individual component test scores or number of asymmetries can predict noncontact injury risk or player performance over three consecutive seasons of NCAA Division I football. Methods: As football teams are comprised of individuals with vastly different physical characteristics and playing responsibilities, we divided the subjects into three homogeneous groups based on position (Big, Combo and Skill). Each FMSâ„¢ score was assessed with regard to the total team score as well as by individual position groups. For our injury analysis we also controlled for exposure. For player performance we controlled for plays played.Participants: 286 NCAA Division I athletes participated over three consecutive seasons, yielding a total of 344 observations.Results: We found no significant relationship between total FMSâ„¢ score and likelihood of injury when analyzed by the total team or by position group. These findings were the same for all groups, for both the total number of injuries as well as injuries weighted by injury exposure. The only significant findings occurred when we considered individual Test Item scores to injury by position group. We only found a significant relationship in the expected direction with Push-Up Stability in the Combo group. Regarding performance, total FMSâ„¢ was only significant for the Big group, but this effect was not practically significant.Conclusion: FMSâ„¢ was not a good predictor of noncontact injury or performance based on possible playing time.

Devido à crescente valorização do corpo, além dos transtornos alimentares, os transtornos de imagem têm crescido e alcançado os mais variados perfis, não apenas modelos e atletas, mas também praticantes de exercícios recreacionais, sem escolher sexo, idade e atividade laboral. Observa-se que, as investigações acerca da dismorfia muscular relacionadas a atletas são vastas, contudo há carência de estudos que investiguem a prevalência em outras populações, como, por exemplo, em não atletas e em mulheres. Na dismorfia muscular, ocorre a insatisfação relacionada ao aspecto dos músculos ou simplesmente a percepção alterada da musculatura, o que pode levar à obsessão pela hipertrofia muscular e, consequentemente, pelo treinamento. A obsessão pelo treinamento é conhecida como dependência de exercício e caracteriza-se pela prática mesmo sob condições adversas, como doença ou lesão. Por sua vez, a prática excessiva de exercícios sem o adequado planejamento e sem os períodos suficientes de descanso entre as sessões de treino podem levar ao aparecimento de sinais e sintomas de overtraining, como, por exemplo, o decréscimo prolongado de desempenho físico. Portanto, o objetivo dessa pesquisa, de cunho quantitativo e transversal, foi verificar se há correlação entre dismorfia muscular, dependência de exercício e overtraining em praticantes de musculação. Participaram do estudo 320 sujeitos, entre eles homens e mulheres, com idade entre 18 e 79 anos, praticantes de musculação há, pelo menos, três meses, com frequência mínima de três treinos por semana, de dez diferentes academias do Centro Histórico de Porto Alegre, que foram avaliados por meio de três questionários validados relacionados aos temas da pesquisa, além do questionário de caracterização da amostra. A partir da análise dos dados, conclui-se que indivíduos com risco para dismorfia muscular tendem a apresentar maiores níveis de dependência de exercício. O sexo parece não influenciar maiores níveis de dismorfia muscular, dependência ou overtraining e indivíduos mais jovens parecem ter maiores indícios de dismorfia muscular e de overtraining. Os indivíduos que priorizam o ganho de massa muscular em detrimento de outros objetivos demonstraram maiores associações com risco para dismorfia muscular e com risco para dependência de exercício. / Due to the growing appreciation of the body, in addition to eating disorders, the image disorders have grown and reached the most varied profiles, not only models and athletes, but also practitioners of recreational exercises, without choosing sex, age and work activity. It is observed that the investigations of muscular dysmorphia related to athletes are vast, however, there is a lack of studies investigating the incidence in other populations, such as non-athletes and women. In muscular dysmorphia, there is dissatisfaction related to the appearance of the muscles or simply the altered perception of the muscles, which can lead to an obsession with muscular hypertrophy and, consequently, through training. The obsession with training is known as exercise dependency and is characterized by practice even under adverse conditions such as illness or injury. In addition, excessive exercise without proper planning and lack of sufficient rest periods between training sessions can lead to overtraining signs and symptoms, such as a prolonged decrease in physical performance. Therefore, the objective of this quantitative and cross-sectional study was to verify if there is a correlation between muscle dysmen- der, exercise dependence and overtraining in bodybuilders. A total of 320 subjects, mens and womens, aged between 18 and 79 years, had been trained for at least three months, with a minimum of three training sessions per week, from ten different fitness centers in the Historic Center of Porto Alegre, three validated questionnaires related to the research themes, besides the sample characterization questionnaire. From the analysis of the data, it is concluded that individuals with risk for muscular dysmorphia tend to present higher levels of exercise dependence. Sex does not appear to influence higher levels of muscle dysmorphism, dependence or overtraining, and younger individuals appear to have greater evidence of muscle dysmorphia and overtraining. Individuals who prioritize muscle mass gain over other goals have demonstrated greater associations with risk for muscle dysmorphia and risk for exercise dependence.

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of mindfulness and task-relevant attentional focus on running performance. WKU psychology undergraduate students were assigned to one of two conditions: task-relevant attentional focus experimental training and no training control. Participants in the experimental condition received training designed to optimize the use of attentional focus strategies in a running context. Trait level mindfulness was examined as a covariate. Participants were compared on two mile run times and the use of attentional focus strategies. Differences were expected to reveal the effectiveness of the training by showing faster running times in the experimental group, and higher use of task-relevant attentional focus strategies. Only higher use of task-relevant attentional focus strategies, specifically focus on bodily sensation was supported by the data. Explanations of the results as well as exploratory analyses are provided in addition to suggestions for future research.