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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Dark Spot Detection from SAR Intensity Imagery with Spatial Density Thresholding for Oil Spill Monitoring

Shu, Yuanming 28 January 2010 (has links)
Since the 1980s, satellite-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been investigated for early warning and monitoring of marine oil spills to permit effective satellite surveillance in the marine environment. Automated detection of oil spills from satellite SAR intensity imagery consists of three steps: 1) Detection of dark spots; 2) Extraction of features from the detected dark spots; and 3) Classification of the dark spots into oil spills and look-alikes. However, marine oil spill detection is a very difficult and challenging task. Open questions exist in each of the three stages. In this thesis, the focus is on the first stage—dark spot detection. An efficient and effective dark spot detection method is critical and fundamental for developing an automated oil spill detection system. A novel method for this task is presented. The key to the method is utilizing the spatial density feature to enhance the separability of dark spots and the background. After an adaptive intensity thresholding, a spatial density thresholding is further used to differentiate dark spots from the background. The proposed method was applied to a evaluation dataset with 60 RADARSAT-1 ScanSAR Narrow Beam intensity images containing oil spill anomalies. The experimental results obtained from the test dataset demonstrate that the proposed method for dark spot detection is fast, robust and effective. Recommendations are given for future research to be conducted to ensure that this procedure goes beyond the prototype stage and becomes a practical application.
2

Dark Spot Detection from SAR Intensity Imagery with Spatial Density Thresholding for Oil Spill Monitoring

Shu, Yuanming 28 January 2010 (has links)
Since the 1980s, satellite-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has been investigated for early warning and monitoring of marine oil spills to permit effective satellite surveillance in the marine environment. Automated detection of oil spills from satellite SAR intensity imagery consists of three steps: 1) Detection of dark spots; 2) Extraction of features from the detected dark spots; and 3) Classification of the dark spots into oil spills and look-alikes. However, marine oil spill detection is a very difficult and challenging task. Open questions exist in each of the three stages. In this thesis, the focus is on the first stage—dark spot detection. An efficient and effective dark spot detection method is critical and fundamental for developing an automated oil spill detection system. A novel method for this task is presented. The key to the method is utilizing the spatial density feature to enhance the separability of dark spots and the background. After an adaptive intensity thresholding, a spatial density thresholding is further used to differentiate dark spots from the background. The proposed method was applied to a evaluation dataset with 60 RADARSAT-1 ScanSAR Narrow Beam intensity images containing oil spill anomalies. The experimental results obtained from the test dataset demonstrate that the proposed method for dark spot detection is fast, robust and effective. Recommendations are given for future research to be conducted to ensure that this procedure goes beyond the prototype stage and becomes a practical application.
3

SAR Remote Sensing of Canadian Coastal Waters using Total Variation Optimization Segmentation Approaches

Kwon, Tae-Jung 28 April 2011 (has links)
The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) onboard Earth observing satellites has been acknowledged as an integral tool for many applications in monitoring the marine environment. Some of these applications include regional sea-ice monitoring and detection of illegal or accidental oil discharges from ships. Nonetheless, a practicality of the usage of SAR images is greatly hindered by the presence of speckle noises. Such noise must be eliminated or reduced to be utilized in real-world applications to ensure the safety of the marine environment. Thus this thesis presents a novel two-phase total variation optimization segmentation approach to tackle such a challenging task. In the total variation optimization phase, the Rudin-Osher-Fatemi total variation model was modified and implemented iteratively to estimate the piecewise smooth state by minimizing the total variation constraints. In the finite mixture model classification phase, an expectation-maximization method was performed to estimate the final class likelihoods using a Gaussian mixture model. Then a maximum likelihood classification technique was utilized to obtain the final segmented result. For its evaluation, a synthetic image was used to test its effectiveness. Then it was further applied to two distinct real SAR images, X-band COSMO-SkyMed imagery containing verified oil-spills and C-band RADARSAT-2 imagery mainly containing two different sea-ice types to confirm its robustness. Furthermore, other well-established methods were compared with the proposed method to ensure its performance. With the advantage of a short processing time, the visual inspection and quantitative analysis including kappa coefficients and F1 scores of segmentation results confirm the superiority of the proposed method over other existing methods.
4

SAR Remote Sensing of Canadian Coastal Waters using Total Variation Optimization Segmentation Approaches

Kwon, Tae-Jung 28 April 2011 (has links)
The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) onboard Earth observing satellites has been acknowledged as an integral tool for many applications in monitoring the marine environment. Some of these applications include regional sea-ice monitoring and detection of illegal or accidental oil discharges from ships. Nonetheless, a practicality of the usage of SAR images is greatly hindered by the presence of speckle noises. Such noise must be eliminated or reduced to be utilized in real-world applications to ensure the safety of the marine environment. Thus this thesis presents a novel two-phase total variation optimization segmentation approach to tackle such a challenging task. In the total variation optimization phase, the Rudin-Osher-Fatemi total variation model was modified and implemented iteratively to estimate the piecewise smooth state by minimizing the total variation constraints. In the finite mixture model classification phase, an expectation-maximization method was performed to estimate the final class likelihoods using a Gaussian mixture model. Then a maximum likelihood classification technique was utilized to obtain the final segmented result. For its evaluation, a synthetic image was used to test its effectiveness. Then it was further applied to two distinct real SAR images, X-band COSMO-SkyMed imagery containing verified oil-spills and C-band RADARSAT-2 imagery mainly containing two different sea-ice types to confirm its robustness. Furthermore, other well-established methods were compared with the proposed method to ensure its performance. With the advantage of a short processing time, the visual inspection and quantitative analysis including kappa coefficients and F1 scores of segmentation results confirm the superiority of the proposed method over other existing methods.
5

Sensor Integration for Low-Cost Crash Avoidance

Roussel, Stephane M 01 November 2009 (has links)
This report is a summary of the development of sensor integration for low-cost crash avoidance for over-land commercial trucks. The goal of the project was to build and test a system composed of low-cost commercially available sensors arranged on a truck trailer to monitor the environment around the truck. The system combines the data from each sensor to increase the reliability of the sensor using a probabilistic data fusion approach. A combination of ultrasonic and magnetoresistive sensors was used in this study. In addition, Radar and digital imaging were investigated as reference signals and possible candidates for additional sensor integration. However, the primary focus of this work is the integration of the ultrasonic and magnetoresistive sensors. During the investigation the individual sensors were evaluated for their use in the system. This included communication with vendors and lab and field testing. In addition, the sensors were modeled using an analytical mathematical model to help understand and predict the sensor behavior. Next, an algorithm was developed to fuse the data from the individual sensors. A probabilistic approach was used based on Bayesian filtering with a prediction-correction algorithm. Sensor fusion was implemented using joint a probability algorithm. The output of the system is a prediction of the likelihood of the presence of a vehicle in a given region near the host truck trailer. The algorithm was demonstrated on the fusion of an ultrasonic sensor and a magnetic sensor. Testing was conducted using both a light pickup truck and also with a class 8 truck. Various scenarios were evaluated to determine the system performance. These included vehicles passing the host truck from behind and the host truck passing vehicles. Also scenarios were included to test the system at distinguishing other vehicles from objects that are not vehicles such as sign posts, walls or railroads that could produce electronic signals similar to those of vehicles and confuse the system. The test results indicate that the system was successful at predicting the presence and absence of vehicles and also successful at eliminating false positives from objects that are not vehicles with overall accuracy ranging from 90 to 100% depending on the scenario. Some additional improvements in the performance are expected with future improvements in the algorithm discussed in the report. The report includes a discussion of the mapping of the algorithm output with the implementation of current and future safety and crash avoidance technologies based on the level of confidence of the algorithm output and the seriousness of the impending crash scenario. For example, irreversible countermeasures such as firing an airbag or engaging the brakes should only be initiated if the confidence of the signal is very high, while reversible countermeasures such as warnings to the driver or nearby vehicles can be initiated with a relatively lower confidence. The results indicate that the system shows good potential as a low cost alternative to competing systems which require multiple, high cost sensors. Truck fleet operators will likely adopt technology only if the costs are justified by reduced damage and insurance costs, therefore developing an effective crash avoidance system at a low cost is required for the technology to be adopted on a large scale.
6

Side Blind Spot Detection : Sensortekniker och hårdvara / Side Blind Spot Detection : Sensors and hardware

Karlsson, Carin, Renfors, Bodil January 2005 (has links)
<p>Denna rapport är resultatet av ett examensarbete, på 20 högskolepoäng, som har utförts på Scania CV AB, Tekniskt centrum, Södertälje. Examensarbetet behandlar Side Blind Spot Detection och har resulterat i ett prototypsystem som detekterar objekt i döda vinklarna på sidorna av en lastbil. Systemet är ett aktivt säkerhetssystem som syftar till att förhindra olyckor och ge ökad trafiksäkerhet på vägarna. </p><p>Examensarbetet har varit tvådelat för att uppnå detta mål. Denna rapport behandlar främst val av sensorteknik för att upptäcka objekt i de döda vinklarna på sidan av en lastbil. Den behandlar också hårdvara till användargränssnittet samt installation av användargränssnittet och sensorerna i en lastbil. Den andra delen av examensarbetet har bestått av utformning av användargränssnittet och programmering av systemet. Detta kan läsas i rapporten "Side Blind Spot Detection - System och användargränssnitt" författad av Jenny Hedenberg och Hanna Torell, Chalmers Tekniska högskola, 2005. </p><p>I rapporten har sex olika sensortekniker studerats och utvärderats. De sex sensorteknikerna är ultraljud, passiv IR, lidar (aktiv IR), kamera, IR kamera och radar. Resultatet av utvärderingen visade att radar är den mest lämpade sensortekniken för den här typen av applikationer och det är därför radar används som sensor i prototypsystemet. </p><p>Systemet har tre olika lägen beroende på hur mycket information föraren önskar få när ett objekt befinner sig i döda vinkeln vilket styrs av en systemknapp. Föraren får informationen från användargränssnittet som består av två LED- displayer som är placerade i dörrkarmarna på vardera sida. Förutom att visa varningarna visuellt i LED-displayen används också ljud vid varning. Resultatet blev som förväntat och visar de funktioner som användargränssnittet har på ett bra sätt. Vad gäller resultatet av hela prototypsystemet så visar det att radar är ett bra val för denna applikation för att den klarar av de krav som ställs. Tester av systemet visar dock att den införskaffade radarn har begränsningar som försvårar filtreringen. Detta leder till att systemet inte är helt tillförlitligt eftersom systemet ibland missar objekt och ibland felvarnar för objekt som inte finns eller för objekt som inte är relevanta.</p>
7

Side Blind Spot Detection : Sensortekniker och hårdvara / Side Blind Spot Detection : Sensors and hardware

Karlsson, Carin, Renfors, Bodil January 2005 (has links)
Denna rapport är resultatet av ett examensarbete, på 20 högskolepoäng, som har utförts på Scania CV AB, Tekniskt centrum, Södertälje. Examensarbetet behandlar Side Blind Spot Detection och har resulterat i ett prototypsystem som detekterar objekt i döda vinklarna på sidorna av en lastbil. Systemet är ett aktivt säkerhetssystem som syftar till att förhindra olyckor och ge ökad trafiksäkerhet på vägarna. Examensarbetet har varit tvådelat för att uppnå detta mål. Denna rapport behandlar främst val av sensorteknik för att upptäcka objekt i de döda vinklarna på sidan av en lastbil. Den behandlar också hårdvara till användargränssnittet samt installation av användargränssnittet och sensorerna i en lastbil. Den andra delen av examensarbetet har bestått av utformning av användargränssnittet och programmering av systemet. Detta kan läsas i rapporten "Side Blind Spot Detection - System och användargränssnitt" författad av Jenny Hedenberg och Hanna Torell, Chalmers Tekniska högskola, 2005. I rapporten har sex olika sensortekniker studerats och utvärderats. De sex sensorteknikerna är ultraljud, passiv IR, lidar (aktiv IR), kamera, IR kamera och radar. Resultatet av utvärderingen visade att radar är den mest lämpade sensortekniken för den här typen av applikationer och det är därför radar används som sensor i prototypsystemet. Systemet har tre olika lägen beroende på hur mycket information föraren önskar få när ett objekt befinner sig i döda vinkeln vilket styrs av en systemknapp. Föraren får informationen från användargränssnittet som består av två LED- displayer som är placerade i dörrkarmarna på vardera sida. Förutom att visa varningarna visuellt i LED-displayen används också ljud vid varning. Resultatet blev som förväntat och visar de funktioner som användargränssnittet har på ett bra sätt. Vad gäller resultatet av hela prototypsystemet så visar det att radar är ett bra val för denna applikation för att den klarar av de krav som ställs. Tester av systemet visar dock att den införskaffade radarn har begränsningar som försvårar filtreringen. Detta leder till att systemet inte är helt tillförlitligt eftersom systemet ibland missar objekt och ibland felvarnar för objekt som inte finns eller för objekt som inte är relevanta.
8

Novel Image Analysis Methods for Quantification of DNA Microballs from Fluorescence Microscopy / Nya bildanalysmetoder för kvantifiering av DNA-mikrobollar från fluorescensmikroskopi

Jithendra, Shreya January 2024 (has links)
Gene editing techniques have been emerging rapidly through the years, and with this trend comes the great responsibility of making sure the edits are correct. One way to safeguard against mistakes in the edits is to measure gene editing efficiency. Countagen’s GeneAbacus does just that, it calculates the gene editing efficiency of CRISPR edits. A key aspect of the GeneAbacus workflow involves quantifying DNA microballs captured in fluorescence microscopy images. This thesis delves into novel image analysis pipelines aimed at optimizing this task. Six image processing techniques (Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP), white top hat transform, Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalisation (CLAHE), edge enhancement filter, Gaussian Blur, and unsharp masking) along with two object segmentation models (Segment Anything (SAM) and SAM for Microscopy (MicroSAM)) were implemented. They underwent evaluation in two stages: first, through an ablation study of the preprocessing techniques, and then by computing R2 values and log-log plot slopes on different datasets. The evaluation resulted in the selection of MicroSAM with white top hat transform, Gaussian blur and unsharp masking, yielding an average slope value of 0.698 and an average R2 value of 0.8724. / Genredigeringstekniker har vuxit fram snabbt genom åren, och med denna trend följer det stora ansvaret att se till att redigeringarna är korrekta. Ett sätt att skydda sig mot misstag i redigeringarna är att mäta effektiviteten i genredigering. Countagens GeneAbacus gör just det, den beräknar genredigeringseffektiviteten för CRISPR-redigeringar. En nyckelaspekt av GeneAbacus arbetsflöde involverar kvantifiering av DNA-mikrobollar som fångats i fluorescensmikroskopibilder. Detta examensarbete fördjupar sig i nya bildanalyspipelines som syftar till att optimera denna uppgift. Sex bildbehandlingstekniker (Maximum Intensity Projection (MIP), white top hat transform, CLAHE, edge enhancement filter, Gaussian Blur och osharp maskning) tillsammans med två objektsegmenteringsmodeller (Segment Anything (SAM) och SAM for Microscopy (MicroSAM)) implementerades. De genomgick utvärdering i två steg: först genom en ablationsstudie av förbehandlingsteknikerna och sedan genom att beräkna R2 värden och log-log-plottlutningar på olika datamängder. Utvärderingen resulterade i valet av MicroSAM med en white top hat transform, Gaussian Blur och osharp maskning, vilket gav ett genomsnittligt lutningvärde på 0,698 och ett genomsnittligt värde på R2 på 0,8724.
9

Quantification of DNA Microballs Using Image Processing Techniques / Kvantifiering av DNA-mikrobollar med hjälp av bildbehandlingstekniker

Tedros, Yosef Werede January 2023 (has links)
I detta examensarbete användes olika bildbehandlingstekniker för detektion och kvantifiering av DNA-mikrobollar, mer specifikt rolling circle amplification-produkter, på mikroskopibilder. Avsikten med detta arbete var att hjälpa Countagen AB utforska pipelines för bildbehandling för sin produkt där de analyserar utfallet av genredigeringsförsök på ett billigare och snabbare sätt än dagens konventionella sekvenseringsmetoder. Två olika metoder för objektdetektion användes i detta arbete. Big-FISH, som bygger på Laplacian of Gaussian och detektion av lokala maxima, samt LodeSTAR, en single-shot, self-supervised djupinlärningsmodell. Förbehandling av bilder var också en central del av detta projekt. DeepSpot, en djupinlärningsmodell för framhävning av punkter, användes för att framhäva mikrobollarna så att de lätt kunde upptäckas, och en top-hat-transform användes för att filtrera bort bakgrunden från bilderna. De olika metoderna utvärderades på ett dataset med manuellt annoterade bilder, en spädningsserie av prover samt prover med samma koncentration. Detta för att få värden på precision, recall och F1-score samt mäta hur robust modellen är när det gäller att detektera punkter. Den modell som presterade bäst var LodeSTAR, med en F1-score på 83% på det annoterade datasetet. / In this thesis project, different image processing techniques were utilized for the detection and quantification of DNA microballs on fluorescence microscopy images. These microballs consisted of rolling circle amplification products, of regions of interest. This was done to aid Countagen AB in exploring image processing pipelines for their product where they analyze gene editing efficiency in a cheaper and faster manner than today's conventional sequencing methods. Two different object detection methods: Big-FISH, which builds on Laplacian of Gaussian and local maxima detection, and LodeSTAR, a single-shot, self-supervised deep learning model, were evaluated for this task of detection and quantification. Image preprocessing was a central part of this project. DeepSpot, a deep learning model for spot enhancement was used to highlight the microballs, and a white top-hat transform was applied to the images for background subtraction. The different methods were evaluated on a test set of manually annotated images, a dilution series of samples, and samples with the same concentration to obtain precision, recall, and F1 scores, as well as gauge the robustness of the model in detecting spots. The best-performing model was LodeSTAR, with an F1-score of 83% on the test set.

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