Using the right planting spots when planting can provide a lot of advantages forthe plant more nutrients, less competition and redused risk of damage from pineweevil. In this study comparisons have been made between quality follow upsfor not approved and approved plantings made by SCA in the distrikt ofÅngermanland. Few significant differences were found but not approvedplantings had more opportunitis for improvement than approved plantings. Moreplantings vere not approved on moist sites.

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The ethical and practical issues of obtaining a blood sample pose a significant challenge to performing pharmacokinetic studies in children, infants and neonates. Dried blood spot analysis, based on the collection of a micro blood sample has potential to overcome these difficulties. There are at present a limited number of reports on the utility of dried blood spot analysis in clinical pharmacokinetic studies. The studies described in this thesis were undertaken to investigate the accuracy and precision of dried blood spot sampling coupled with mass spectrometry detection for drug quantification, and clinically validate the robustness and feasibility of this technique for pharmacokinetic studies in preterm neonates. Dried blood spot methods were developed for application to pharmacokinetic studies of test drugs dexamethasone and caffeine. Investigations were focused on the blood collection system, analyte recovery and optimisation of the detection system. In-vitro validation results indicated developed methods were precise, accurate and selective in accordance with the Food and Drug Administration regulatory guidelines on the assessment of bioanalytical methods. Results were not significantly affected by small variations in the blood volume spotted or the presence of petroleum jelly, which is often used on the sampling site during capillary blood collection in neonates. Variability in haematocrit was determined to be the single most important factor affecting assay accuracy. Stability assessments by comparison with freshly prepared samples verified the suitability of sample drying, storage and post sample extraction conditions. An investigation of method transferability between different analytical instruments was undertaken with caffeine to provide an assessment of the robustness of dried blood spot analysis. Results generated from a single and triple quadrupole mass spectrometer were comparable with an expected lower limit of quantification with the latter technique most likely due to a greater ionisation and detection efficiency. Intravenous dexamethasone pharmacokinetics was determined in 5 preterm neonates receiving treatment for chronic lung disease. Individual pharmacokinetic analyses were performed using a one compartment model to estimate primary pharmacokinetic parameters, clearance (mean, 0.18 l/h/kg) and volume of distribution (mean, 1.33 l/kg). The whole blood derived mean estimates were similar to previous plasma clearance and volume estimates of 0.14 l/h/kg and 1.91 l/kg, respectively reported in neonates (n=7). This highlights the potential for dried blood spot analysis as an alternative to conventional plasma based methods for dexamethasone dose optimisation studies in neonates. The population pharmacokinetics of oral / intravenous caffeine was determined in 67 preterm neonates. A one compartment model was used to describe the blood concentration-time data. Model evaluation using a bootstrapping technique confirmed the robustness and stability of the developed model. Pharmacokinetic parameters derived from dried blood spot drug measurements were estimated with precision (relative standard error < 10%) and were comparable to estimates of plasma clearance (mean, 7.3 vs. 7.0 ml/h/kg) and volume of distribution (mean, 593 vs. 851 ml/kg) from a previous population study in neonates (n=110). Weight and postnatal age were the most influential covariates in the clearance model which is in agreement with previous population studies. These results demonstrate that dried blood spot analysis is a practical technique, with significant potential as a robust method for use in clinical pharmacokinetic studies in vulnerable populations such as preterms. Haematocrit related effects on paper will need to be accounted for if this potential is to be realised. Further investigations to determine the reproducibility of capillary blood sampling in neonates and the impact of using blood drug measurements on pharmacokinetic parameter estimation will be necessary before widespread use of the technique is possible.

Police officers endure various threats ranging from verbal abuse to physical attacks, which can escalate and lead to police officer stress. Despite the abundant research exploring the relationship between high-stress occupations and environmental health, adequate exploration of the relationship between officer stress and hot spot policing (HSP; area with an above-average level of crime) has yet to occur. The purpose of this correlational study was to use Cohen and McKay's conceptualization of the stress-buffering hypothesis to explore whether HSP mitigates the negative impact of job stress, leading to improved officer performance and ultimately improved relationships between the police and communities as well as lower crime rates. Posting of a SurveyMonkey link in law enforcement only, social-media communities (with administrator permission) facilitated data collection for the 151 respondents. Findings indicated that the overall regression model was significant; however, the simple correlation between HSP and officer stress (.118) indicated that HSP alone does not account for unique variance (there was a value of .014 or 1.4% of the variation in officer stress). The social change implications of this study include recommendations to police department administrations to continue to explore efforts to reduce officer stress, which could lead to improved officer performance and police and community relationships.

Thesis (M.S.)--Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. / Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-124). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1949. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-106).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin, 1964. / Typescript. Vita. Abstracted in Dissertation abstracts, v. 25 (1965) no. 7, p. 3812. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 262-270).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1958. / Typescript. Abstracted in Dissertation abstracts, v. 19 (1958) no. 4, p. 627. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [60]-63).

Orientador: Ricardo de Oliveira Orsi / Resumo: A geléia real é um alimento exclusivo da abelha rainha que é sintetizado e secretado por abelhas nutrizes. Pouco se sabe sobre a funcionalidade e os componentes proteicos totais da geleia real, e sua associação a diferentes moléculas (ligação metal-proteina, por exemplo). O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar o teor proteico e número de spots da geleia real coletada ao longo do ano, assim como identificar as proteínas dos spots contendo zinco (Zn) e/ou ferro (Fe). A geleia real foi coletada quinzenalmente durante o período de janeiro a dezembro de 2015, de quatro colmeias mini-recria. A determinação dos minerais foi realizada por meio de espectrometria de absorção atômica com chama (FAAS) e a identificação das proteínas por ESI MS/MS. Os dados obtidos foram avaliados por ANOVA, seguido do teste de Tukey para verificar diferenças entre as médias (P<0,05). Observamos que houve variação tanto no teor proteico como no número de spots da geleia real coletada ao longo do ano. O Zn foi encontrado em maior quantidade de spots analisados em comparação ao Fe ao longo do ano e, nos meses de fevereiro a junho e setembro, estes minerais foram observados simultaneamente em alguns spots. Dentre as proteínas identificadas, destacam-se as Major royal jelly protein - MRJPs, sendo a mais abundante neste trabalho a MRJP2 seguida respectivamente da MRJP3 e MRJP1 (importantes por desempenharem funções nutricionais); além destas proteínas principais também foram identificadas as MRJP5, MRJP6, MRJP7 e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Doutor

Slow seismic velocity anomalies are commonly imaged beneath subducting slabs in tomographic studies, yet a unifying explanation for their distribution has not been agreed upon. In South America two such anomalies have been imaged associated with subduction of the Nazca Ridge in Peru and the Juan Fernandez Ridge in Chile. Here we present new seismic images of the subslab slow velocity anomaly beneath Chile, which give a unique view of the nature of such anomalies. Slow seismic velocities within a large hole in the subducted Nazca slab connect with a subslab slow anomaly that appears correlated with the extent of the subducted Juan Fernandez Ridge. The hole in the slab may allow the subslab material to rise into the mantle wedge, revealing the positive buoyancy of the slow material. We propose a new model for subslab slow velocity anomalies beneath the Nazca slab related to the entrainment of hot spot material.