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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Evaluation of Energetics-based Techniques for Proteome-Wide Studies of Protein-Ligand Binding Interactions

Geer, Michelle Ariel January 2015 (has links)
<p>Detection and quantification of protein-ligand binding interactions is extremely important for understanding interactions that occur in biological systems. Since traditional techniques for characterizing these types of interactions cannot be performed in complex systems such as cell lysates, a series of energetics-based techniques that are capable of assessing protein stability and measuring ligand binding affinities have been developed to overcome some of the limitations of previous techniques. Now that the capabilities of the energetics-based techniques have been exhibited in model systems, the false-positive rates of the techniques, the range of biological questions to which the techniques can be addressed, and the use of the techniques to discover novel interactions in unknown systems remained to be shown. The Stability of Proteins from Rates of Oxidation (SPROX) technique and the Pulse Proteolysis (PP) technique were applied to a wide range of biological questions in both yeast and human cell lysates to evaluate the scope of these experimental workflows. The false-positive rate of iTRAQ-SPROX protein target discovery on orbitrap mass spectrometer systems was determined to be < 0.8 %. The iTRAQ-SPROX technique was successfully applied to the discovery of both known and novel protein-protein, protein-ATP, and protein-drug interactions, leading to the quantification of protein-ligand binding affinities in each of these studies. In the pursuit of discovering geldanamycin protein interactors, the use of iTRAQ-SPROX and SILAC-PP in combination was determined to be advantageous for confirming protein-ligand interactions since the techniques utilize different quantitation strategies that are subject to separate technical errors in quantitation. Finally, the iTRAQ-SPROX and SILAC-PP techniques were used to evaluate the interactions of manassantin A in a human cell lysate. In this work, a previously unknown protein target of manassantin A, Filamin A, was detected as a hit protein using both the iTRAQ-SPROX and SILAC-PP protocols. The work completed in this dissertation has expanded the understanding of the limitations of energetics-based techniques and shown that biological replicate analyses are essential to confirm ligand interactions with novel protein targets.</p> / Dissertation
2

Identificação de domínios em &#946;-glicosidases GH1 através da análise de sua estabilidade / Domains identification on GH1 &#946;-glucosidases through stability analysis

Almeida, Vitor Medeiros 14 June 2016 (has links)
Introdução e objetivos: &#946;-glicosidases da família GH1 das glicosil-hidrolases possuem um dobramento do tipo barril (&#946;/&#945;)8. Propõe-se que proteínas com este dobramento, que usualmente classificam-se como tendo um único domínio, na verdade são compostas por dois domínios, cada um deles correspondendo a um \"meio barril\" (&#946;/&#945;)4. Assim, as proteínas com dobramento barril (&#946;/&#945;)8 seriam provenientes de uma duplicação e fusão gênica de um ancestral \"meio barril\" (&#946;/&#945;)4. O objetivo geral deste projeto é investigar a existência de dois domínios (&#946;/&#945;)4, as metades N- e C-terminal, na estrutura (&#946;/&#945;)8 barril da &#946;-glicosidase A de Thermotoga maritima (bglTm) e &#946;-glicosidase B de Paenibacillus polymyxa (bglB) por meio de análise da desnaturação térmica e química dessas enzimas. Resultados: Para atingir esse objetivo foram introduzidas mutações que rompem contatos não covalentes entre os supostos domínios destas &#946;-glicosidases. Os segmentos de DNA que codificam as enzimas selvagem e mutantes foram clonados em plasmídeo de expressão pLATE51 e as enzimas recombinantes expressas em Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Foram purificadas com sucesso as enzimas selvagens e duas mutantes de bglTm, denominadas T1 e T2, que possuem 2 e 4 mutações respectivamente em resíduos na interface inter-metades. Para confirmar o enovelamento destas proteínas recombinantes foi empregada a análise de estruturas secundárias por dicroísmo circular, também o espectro de fluorescência intrínseca de triptofano e sua supressão por acrilamida e finalmente foram determinados parâmetros cinéticos. Observou-se que não houve mudanças significativas na exposição dos triptofanos das proteínas recombinantes, sugerindo que se encontram enoveladas, o que está de acordo com a observação de que as proteínas recombinantes mantêm sua atividade catalítica. Já pela análise de dicroísmo circular concluiu-se que a mutante T1 possui dobramento semelhante à selvagem bglTm e que T2 apresenta diferenças significativas, sendo as porcentagens de &#945;-hélice de 21%, 22% e 10% para bglTm, T1 e T2, respectivamente. Em seguida demonstrou-se que T1 mantém a termo estabilidade semelhante à selvagem, enquanto que T2 tem termo estabilidade reduzida, apresentando kobs de 0,3 min-1 em 80°C e de 0,06 min-1 em 75 °C.. O cálculo de Tm através de Differential Scanning Fluorimetry foi feito para bglB e T2 (42 e 81.7 °C respectivamente), enquanto que bglTm e T1 mantiveram-se estáveis na faixa de temperatura analisada (até 95°C). Na análise do efeito da temperatura sobre a estrutura das mutantes T1 e T2 não se observou nenhuma evidência da presença dos dois supostos domínios (&#946;/&#945;)4. A análise da desnaturação por cloreto de guanidina mostrou que o c50 diminuiu para T2 (2,4 M), mas não mostrou alteração para T1 (4,5 M) em comparação à bglTm (4,3 M). Coerentemente, a estabilidade da enzima selvagem e de T1 na ausência de desnaturante é a mesma (&#916;GH2O = 5,2 kcal/mol), mas se reduziu para a T2 (&#916;GH2O = 3,5 kcal/mol). Os cálculos do parâmetro m mostraram uma cooperatividade semelhante na desnaturação de bglTm, T1 e T2, não evidenciando independência entre os dois supostos domínios (&#946;/&#945;)4. Em conclusão, a análise estabilidade da &#946;-glicosidase bglTm frente à temperatura e ao cloreto de guanidina não revelaram a presença dos domínios (&#946;/&#945;)4 que correspondem às metades N- e C-terminal desta &#946;-glicosidase. / Introduction and Aims: &#946;-glucosidases from the family GH1 of the glycosil-hidrolases presents a (&#946;/&#945;)8 barrel folding. These proteins are usually classified as single domain, however it has been alternatively proposed that they actually are formed by two \"half barrel\" (&#946;/&#945;)4. Thus, (&#946;/&#945;)8 barrel proteins had evolved from an \"half barrel\" ancestor that underwent a duplication-fusion event. The general goal of this project is the search for the two putative (&#946;/&#945;)4 domains, which form the N- and C-terminal ends of the &#946;-glucosidase A from Thermotoga maritima (bglTm) and &#946;-glucosidase B from Paenibacillus polymyxa (bglB), detecting their presence through the thermal and chemical stability of these (&#946;/&#945;)8 barrel proteins. Results: Site-directed mutagenesis was employed to replace residues forming non-covalent interaction between the putative (&#946;/&#945;)4 domains. DNA segments coding for bglB, bglTm and mutant bglTm were cloned into the pLATE51 expression vector and produced as recombinant proteins in E. coli BL21(DE3). The bglB, bglTm and two mutant bglTm, hereafter called T1 and T2, with 2 and 4 mutations respectively on residues in the interface between the protein halves, were purified. They were stable folded as shown by detecting their catalytic activity upon two different substrates and also by circular dichroism (CD) and tryptophan fluorescence analysis. Nevertheless, T2 showed a decrease in the &#945;-helix content (10 %) in the CD analysis, whereas bglTm and T1 are similar (22 %). The wild-type bglTm and T1 are thermostable, whereas T2 was inactivated after pre-incubation at high temperature (kobs = 0,3 min-1 at 80 °C and 0,06 min-1 at 75 °C). The Differential Scanning Fluorimetry experiments revealed Tm of 42 e 81.7 °C for bglB and T2, respectively, whereas wild-type bglTm and mutant T1 did not showed any thermal transition up to 95 °C. Indeed, the analysis of the thermal stability of T1 and T2 did not reveal any evidence of the putative (&#946;/&#945;)4 domains. Following that, the analysis of the protein denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride showed that the c50 for T2 was reduced (2.4 M), whereas no modification was observed for bglTm and T1 (4,3 and 4,5 M, respectively). In agreement the stability of bglTm and T1 (&#916;GH2O = 5,2 kcal/mol) is similar, but it was reduced for T2 (&#916;GH2O = 3,5 kcal/mol). The m parameter showed a similar cooperative denaturation for wild-type bglTm and mutants T1 and T2, but no evidence of the independent unfolding of the putative (&#946;/&#945;)4 domains was found. Conclusion: In conclusion, the analysis of the thermal and chemical stability of the bglTm did not reveal the presence of the putative (&#946;/&#945;)4 domains that form the N- and C-terminal end of these &#946;-glucosidase.
3

Identificação de domínios em &#946;-glicosidases GH1 através da análise de sua estabilidade / Domains identification on GH1 &#946;-glucosidases through stability analysis

Vitor Medeiros Almeida 14 June 2016 (has links)
Introdução e objetivos: &#946;-glicosidases da família GH1 das glicosil-hidrolases possuem um dobramento do tipo barril (&#946;/&#945;)8. Propõe-se que proteínas com este dobramento, que usualmente classificam-se como tendo um único domínio, na verdade são compostas por dois domínios, cada um deles correspondendo a um \"meio barril\" (&#946;/&#945;)4. Assim, as proteínas com dobramento barril (&#946;/&#945;)8 seriam provenientes de uma duplicação e fusão gênica de um ancestral \"meio barril\" (&#946;/&#945;)4. O objetivo geral deste projeto é investigar a existência de dois domínios (&#946;/&#945;)4, as metades N- e C-terminal, na estrutura (&#946;/&#945;)8 barril da &#946;-glicosidase A de Thermotoga maritima (bglTm) e &#946;-glicosidase B de Paenibacillus polymyxa (bglB) por meio de análise da desnaturação térmica e química dessas enzimas. Resultados: Para atingir esse objetivo foram introduzidas mutações que rompem contatos não covalentes entre os supostos domínios destas &#946;-glicosidases. Os segmentos de DNA que codificam as enzimas selvagem e mutantes foram clonados em plasmídeo de expressão pLATE51 e as enzimas recombinantes expressas em Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Foram purificadas com sucesso as enzimas selvagens e duas mutantes de bglTm, denominadas T1 e T2, que possuem 2 e 4 mutações respectivamente em resíduos na interface inter-metades. Para confirmar o enovelamento destas proteínas recombinantes foi empregada a análise de estruturas secundárias por dicroísmo circular, também o espectro de fluorescência intrínseca de triptofano e sua supressão por acrilamida e finalmente foram determinados parâmetros cinéticos. Observou-se que não houve mudanças significativas na exposição dos triptofanos das proteínas recombinantes, sugerindo que se encontram enoveladas, o que está de acordo com a observação de que as proteínas recombinantes mantêm sua atividade catalítica. Já pela análise de dicroísmo circular concluiu-se que a mutante T1 possui dobramento semelhante à selvagem bglTm e que T2 apresenta diferenças significativas, sendo as porcentagens de &#945;-hélice de 21%, 22% e 10% para bglTm, T1 e T2, respectivamente. Em seguida demonstrou-se que T1 mantém a termo estabilidade semelhante à selvagem, enquanto que T2 tem termo estabilidade reduzida, apresentando kobs de 0,3 min-1 em 80°C e de 0,06 min-1 em 75 °C.. O cálculo de Tm através de Differential Scanning Fluorimetry foi feito para bglB e T2 (42 e 81.7 °C respectivamente), enquanto que bglTm e T1 mantiveram-se estáveis na faixa de temperatura analisada (até 95°C). Na análise do efeito da temperatura sobre a estrutura das mutantes T1 e T2 não se observou nenhuma evidência da presença dos dois supostos domínios (&#946;/&#945;)4. A análise da desnaturação por cloreto de guanidina mostrou que o c50 diminuiu para T2 (2,4 M), mas não mostrou alteração para T1 (4,5 M) em comparação à bglTm (4,3 M). Coerentemente, a estabilidade da enzima selvagem e de T1 na ausência de desnaturante é a mesma (&#916;GH2O = 5,2 kcal/mol), mas se reduziu para a T2 (&#916;GH2O = 3,5 kcal/mol). Os cálculos do parâmetro m mostraram uma cooperatividade semelhante na desnaturação de bglTm, T1 e T2, não evidenciando independência entre os dois supostos domínios (&#946;/&#945;)4. Em conclusão, a análise estabilidade da &#946;-glicosidase bglTm frente à temperatura e ao cloreto de guanidina não revelaram a presença dos domínios (&#946;/&#945;)4 que correspondem às metades N- e C-terminal desta &#946;-glicosidase. / Introduction and Aims: &#946;-glucosidases from the family GH1 of the glycosil-hidrolases presents a (&#946;/&#945;)8 barrel folding. These proteins are usually classified as single domain, however it has been alternatively proposed that they actually are formed by two \"half barrel\" (&#946;/&#945;)4. Thus, (&#946;/&#945;)8 barrel proteins had evolved from an \"half barrel\" ancestor that underwent a duplication-fusion event. The general goal of this project is the search for the two putative (&#946;/&#945;)4 domains, which form the N- and C-terminal ends of the &#946;-glucosidase A from Thermotoga maritima (bglTm) and &#946;-glucosidase B from Paenibacillus polymyxa (bglB), detecting their presence through the thermal and chemical stability of these (&#946;/&#945;)8 barrel proteins. Results: Site-directed mutagenesis was employed to replace residues forming non-covalent interaction between the putative (&#946;/&#945;)4 domains. DNA segments coding for bglB, bglTm and mutant bglTm were cloned into the pLATE51 expression vector and produced as recombinant proteins in E. coli BL21(DE3). The bglB, bglTm and two mutant bglTm, hereafter called T1 and T2, with 2 and 4 mutations respectively on residues in the interface between the protein halves, were purified. They were stable folded as shown by detecting their catalytic activity upon two different substrates and also by circular dichroism (CD) and tryptophan fluorescence analysis. Nevertheless, T2 showed a decrease in the &#945;-helix content (10 %) in the CD analysis, whereas bglTm and T1 are similar (22 %). The wild-type bglTm and T1 are thermostable, whereas T2 was inactivated after pre-incubation at high temperature (kobs = 0,3 min-1 at 80 °C and 0,06 min-1 at 75 °C). The Differential Scanning Fluorimetry experiments revealed Tm of 42 e 81.7 °C for bglB and T2, respectively, whereas wild-type bglTm and mutant T1 did not showed any thermal transition up to 95 °C. Indeed, the analysis of the thermal stability of T1 and T2 did not reveal any evidence of the putative (&#946;/&#945;)4 domains. Following that, the analysis of the protein denaturation by guanidine hydrochloride showed that the c50 for T2 was reduced (2.4 M), whereas no modification was observed for bglTm and T1 (4,3 and 4,5 M, respectively). In agreement the stability of bglTm and T1 (&#916;GH2O = 5,2 kcal/mol) is similar, but it was reduced for T2 (&#916;GH2O = 3,5 kcal/mol). The m parameter showed a similar cooperative denaturation for wild-type bglTm and mutants T1 and T2, but no evidence of the independent unfolding of the putative (&#946;/&#945;)4 domains was found. Conclusion: In conclusion, the analysis of the thermal and chemical stability of the bglTm did not reveal the presence of the putative (&#946;/&#945;)4 domains that form the N- and C-terminal end of these &#946;-glucosidase.
4

Prediktor vlivu aminokyselinových substitucí na stabilitu proteinů / Predictor of the Effect of Amino Acid Substitutions on Protein Stability

Flax, Michal January 2017 (has links)
This paper deals with prediction of influence of amino acids mutations on protein stability. The prediction is based on different methods of machine learning. Protein mutations are classified as mutations that increase or decrease protein stability. The application also predicts the magnitude of change in Gibbs free energy after the mutation.

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