Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:36:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raquel Badia campos de Rezende.pdf: 2029738 bytes, checksum: 8f1d57abc0ca216e25f99677a146656c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-08 / The objective of this work was to study the characterization of the resin from the post-industrial recycling of the stand-up pouch packaging (a bag that stands upright"), with the goal of providing information that helps and encourages the mechanical recycling of multilayers flexible plastic packaging. We studied the structure of the stand-up pouch packaging with the following composition: 11.2% of Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET); 11.6% Polyamide (PA); 69.5% of polyethylene (PE); and 7.7% of paints and adhesives, used for cosmetics packaging. The obtained blend by mechanical recycling of the material was characterized, through mechanical tests of resistance to bending at three point, (ASTM D 790), Izod impact strength (ASTM D 256), tensile strength (AST M D 638) and shore D hardness (ASTM D 2240). Thermal tests as under load deflection temperature (ASTM D 648) and Vicat softening temperature (ASTM D 1525). rheological measurements, melt index (ASTM D 1238), dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA), analysis of chemical properties through the images of the samples fracture surface made with SEM (scanning electron microscope), and energy dispersive analysis (EDS. The results obtained in the tests described above were compared to the values found in analyzes made with the materials separately, and it was found that the blend from the recycling package stand-up pouch is immiscible, that the presence of PET and PA helps to increase the mechanical properties of the material relative to the polyethylene (PE) but do not influence the thermal properties, which were analyzed by means of tests of deflection temperature under load (HDT) and Vicat softening temperature (VICAT). / O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a caracterização da resina proveniente da reciclagem pós-industrial de embalagens stand-up pouch ( bolsa que fica em pé ), com o objetivo de fornecer informações que auxiliem e fomente a reciclagem mecânica de embalagens plásticas flexíveis multicamadas. Estudou-se a estrutura da embalagem stand-up pouch com a seguinte composição: 11,2% de Poli(tereftalato de etileno) (PET); 11,6% de poliamida (PA); 69,5% de polietileno (PE); e 7,7% de tintas e adesivos, utilizada para o acondicionamento de produtos cosméticos. A blenda obtida através da reciclagem mecânica do material foi caracterizada, através dos ensaios mecânicos de resistência a flexão em três pontos (ASTM D 790), resistência ao impacto Izod (ASTM D 256), resistência à tração (ASTM D 638) e dureza shore D (ASTM D 2240); ensaios térmicos como: temperatura de deflexão sob carga (ASTM D 648) e temperatura de amolecimento vicat (ASTM D 1525); ensaios reológicos, índice de fluidez (ASTM D 1238) e análise dinâmico-mecânica (DMA); e analise de propriedades químicas através das imagens da superfície de fratura das amostras feitas com MEV (microscópio eletrônico de varredura) e analise por energia dispersiva (EDS). Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios descritos acima foram comparados aos valores encontrados nas analises feitas com os materiais separadamente e verificou-se que a blenda proveniente da reciclagem de embalagem stand-up pouch é imiscível, que a presença do PET e da PA modificam algumas propriedades mecânicas do material em relação do polietileno (PE) puro, mas, não influenciam nas propriedades térmicas, que foram analisadas por meio dos ensaios de temperatura de deflexão térmica sob carga (HDT) e temperatura de amolecimento (VICAT).

This study investigated the effect of cognitive factors on competency to stand trial. Previous researchers have investigated how psychological variables --such as psychosis and intelligence--contribute to incompetency. Although several researchers have established that intelligence contributes to incompetency, very few have investigated the role of specific cognitive abilities within the realm of intelligence. This study investigated the performance of 55 defendants referred for competency restoration on neuropsychological measures. Specifically, competent defendants and incompetent defendants were compared on several measures assessing functioning in seven cognitive domains. Competent defendants performed significantly better than incompetent defendants on measures of verbal comprehension, social judgment, verbal memory, and executive functioning. Competent and incompetent defendants did not differ on attention, visual spatial skills, or nonverbal memory.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第21807号 / 農博第2320号 / 新制||農||1065(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H31||N5179(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 大澤 晃, 教授 北島 薫, 教授 神﨑 護 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die retrospektive Auswertung der operativ mit ventraler Dekompression und intersomatischer Fusion (ACDF) durch stand alone Cage versorgten Patienten und die Diskussion, ob eine postoperative Sinterung Einfluss auf das Outcome hat. Material und Methoden: Es wurden 33 Segmente operativ durch ACDF mit standalone-Cage bei 17 Patienten (11 Frauen und 6 Männer) Durchschnittsalter 56 Jahre (33 bis 82 Jahre) versorgt und nach durchschnittlich jeweils 8 und 26 Monaten klinisch, radiologisch und durch Scoreerhebung nachuntersucht. Ergebnisse: 70,6 % der Patienten (12/17) und 50,5% der Segmente (18/33) zeigten eine Sinterung. 36,3% der Sinterungen (12/33) bereits zur 1. NU nach 8 Monaten. Zur 2. NU nach 26 Monaten fand sich bei 100% eine Fusion ohne Pseudarthrose. Zusammenfassung: Die Sinterung des Cages hat keinen negativen Einfluss auf das Outcome. Wesentlich für das Outcome sind das Ausmaß und die Dauer der vorbestehenden Symptome. Es sollte besonders bei festgestellter Myelopathie frühzeitig eine operative Intervention erfolgen.:1. Einleitung 1 2. Zielsetzung 4 3. Grundlagen 5 3.1. Pathophysiologie 5 3.2. Symptome 8 3.2.1. Allgemeine Symptome 8 3.2.2. Radikulopathie 9 3.2.3. Myelopathie 10 3.3. Diagnostik 13 3.3.1. Anamnese und klinische Untersuchung 14 3.3.2. Bildgebende Diagnostik 15 3.3.3. Spezielle Zusatzdiagnostik 16 3.3.4 Differenzialdiagnosen 17 3.4. Therapie 18 3.4.1. Konservative Therapie 18 3.4.2. Operative Therapie 19 4. Material und Methoden 28 4.1. Patientenkollektiv 28 4.2. Vor - und Nachuntersuchung 30 4.2.1. Oswestry Neck Disability Index 31 4.2.2. Pain DETECT - Fragebogen 33 4.2.3. Die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität – MOS SF – 36 33 4.2.4. Visuelle Analogskala (VAS) 34 4.3. Cagesystem und Implantatmaterial 35 4.4. Operationsverfahren 37 4.5. Radiologische Messungen 42 4.6. Statistische Auswertung 43 5. Ergebnisse 44 5.1. Ergebnisse des Gesamtkollektives 45 5.1.1. Auswertung Schmerzen 45 5.1.2. Auswertung Alltagsbeeinträchtigung 46 5.1.3. Auswertung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität 47 5.2. Ergebnisse nach Geschlecht 48 5.3. Ergebnisse nach Alter 52 5.4. Ergebnisse des Sinterungsverhaltens 56 5.4.1. Schmerzen abhängig vom Sinterungsverhalten 59 5.4.2. Alltagsbeeinträchtigung abhängig vom Sinterungsverhalten 61 5.4.3. Lebensqualität nach MOS- SF 36 abhängig vom Sinterungsverhalten 61 5.5. Komplikationen 62 6. Diskussion 64 7. Zusammenfassung 79 8. Literaturverzeichnis 83 9. Tabellenverzeichnis 107 10. Abbildungsverzeichnis 108 11. Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit 111 12. Lebenslauf und wissenschaftlicher Werdegang 112 13. Danksagung 114 14. Anlagen 115 Anlage 1 - Oswestry Neck Disability Index Fragebogen 115 Anlage 2 - Pain Detect Fragebogen 117 Anlage 3 - MOS SF 36 Fragebogen 119

A greater emphasis is being placed on hardwood management, yet there has been relatively little effort to develop growth and yield information for hardwood forest types. Measurements on permanent growth and yield plots collected in 1981, 1988, 1994, and 2006 in minor stream bottoms in Mississippi and Alabama were used to construct a stand level growth and yield model for red oak/sweetgum stands. The model predicts arithmetic mean diameter, quadratic mean diameter, trees per acre, basal area, total tree height, and cubic foot volume per acre for the total stand and by species. Different sets of equations were constructed depending on the amount of information known about a hardwood stand. Models were chosen based on significance of variables, coefficient of determination, index of fit, and biological trends. Predicted stand development patterns are discussed. These models will be base models for a complete diameter distribution growth and yield model.

No description available.

In an attempt to provide low-cost, low-input alternatives for regenerating pine-hardwood mixtures, this study examined several mechanisms that influence the growth of pine-hardwood stands. The Regeneration Alternatives Study is an ongoing experiment that was designed to gain biological and economical information concerning the growth and yield of loblolly pine and mixed hardwood species. Low-cost herbicide applications (stump treatment, basal stem spray, release, and soil spot release) were used to control competing vegetation during the study. The four even-aged regeneration treatments applied to loblolly pine and mixed hardwood stands of this study had a significant effect on their growth. Loblolly pine growth increased and mixed hardwood growth decreased as the intensity of herbicide treatment increased for all age classes. In general, loblolly pine was more productive with more intense treatment applications on poorer sites following a growing season harvest. Hardwood species were more productive with less intense treatment applications on higher-quality sites following a dormant season harvest for all age classes. Loblolly pine planting following clearfelling, coupled with a herbicide stump and release treatment (treatment 4), resulted in the highest yields of loblolly pine, the greatest economic returns, and the greatest level of site utilization. However, treatment 4 also resulted in the lowest yield of mixed hardwoods and the lowest level of species richness. Loblolly pine planting following clearfelling, with (treatment 3) and without (treatment 2) a hardwood stump treatment application, resulted in a more even distribution of pines and hardwoods, depending on the treatment. Treatment 3 favored loblolly pine growth, especially following a growing season harvest on poor sites. Treatment 2 favored mixed hardwood growth, especially following a dormant season harvest on good sites. There were no differences between methods of release (basal spray or soil spot herbicide application). Economically, treatments 2 and 3 did not realize a profit on returns. Pine yields, dbh, and basal area were all significantly greater following a summer season harvest as opposed to pine growth following a winter harvest with the same chemical treatments. The pine growth data indicated that less intense chemical treatments following a summer harvest can achieve the same or greater growth results than more intense chemical treatments following a winter harvest. The results of this study indicate a significant biological and economic tradeoff, depending on the level of hardwood control applied and the time of harvesting. / Master of Science

To ensure that thinning is done properly and correct due to instruction, regularly manual monitoring of the stand is done by the harvester operator after thinning. The aim of this study is to investigate the reliability of a newly developed program, that is using harvester data to automaticly calculate stand variables after thinning. A manual forest inventory was carried out in ten differens stands i south west of Sweden, where basal area, stem density, volume and species mix were estimated and compared to the automatically calculated data. The results shows that volume and stem density were estimated with high precision while the systematic deviation for basal area was 10 %, which is a significant differens.

Female stand-up comics occupy a permanently liminal space which can be broken down into three small areas, characterized thusly: the interpersonal, the sexual and the professional spheres. Issues of power, footing and the carnivalesque are threaded throughout these three spaces, and I use the work of Michel Foucault, Mikhail Bakhtin and Erving Goffman to examine the ways in which the female comics I talked, lived and performed with over a two-year period negotiate this permanent liminality to both their advantage and their detriment. The three liminal spaces overlap and intersect, with female comics occupying at times two, and sometimes all three, at any given moment, in a constantly forming and re-forming state of “otherness” that separates them from the default male comic body. In locating female comedians in a permanent liminality, I illustrate the structures at play that are demonstrative not only of the comic experience, but of larger issues surrounding gender in contemporary society. / text

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