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Aproveitamento dos óleos de frituras do Município de Campinas para obtenção de biodiesel / Use of frying oils of city of Campinas for obtaining biodieselSilva Filho, Silvério Catureba da, 1960- 20 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Elias Basile Tambourgi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T13:33:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi mostrar como reduzir os impactos ambientais causados pelos óleos de frituras usados, através da produção de biodiesel. O estudo foi realizado na cidade de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil, na qual foi realizada uma análise dos custos e da logística da produção do biodiesel. Para tanto, os óleos de fritura usados foram coletados em algumas residências da cidade, misturado com etanol nas algumas proporções de 1:9 até 1:5 e transesterificados a 60°C, por 30min ou 90 min, para obter o biodiesel, usando o NaOH como catalisador. Os resultados das análises físico-químicas mostraram que os biodieseis obtidos encontraram-se dentro dos padrões da legislação brasileira. Este combustível pode ser usado nas frotas de ônibus, caminhões e máquinas, ou pode ser vendido para a um distribuidor; o que irá reduzir os custos com a aquisição de combustível entre U$ 0,8 e 4,5 milhões. Assim, Campinas poderá ganhar créditos ambientais e tornar-se uma cidade sustentável. Como proposta para coleta dos óleos usados, sugere-se o uso do plano logístico da coleta de lixo, através da anexação de um reservatório para os óleos, nos caminhões de lixo. A planta de biodiesel deve ser instalada no Distrito de Barão Geraldo, por estar próximo à refinaria de petróleo de Paulínia, às auto-estradas de grande importância nacional e às indústrias farmacêuticas, pois facilitará à aquisição de insumos e a distribuição e venda dos produtos / Abstract: The objective of this work was to show to reduce the environmental impacts of used cooking oils through the production of biodiesel. This study was conducted in Campinas city, São Paulo state from Brazil, in which were make an analysis of cost and logistic of the biodiesel producing. Cooking oils collected from Campinas homes were mixed with ethanol in some proportions and transesterified at 60°C, for 30 min or 90 min, in order to obtain biodiesel, using NaOH as a catalyst. The results of the physical-chemical analyses demonstrated that the biodiesels obtained possessed characteristics close to those required by Brazilian standards. This fuel could be used in fleets of buses, trucks and machines, or even sold to fuel distributors; which will be able to give a solving between U$ 0.8 and 4.5 millions. Thus, Campinas would gain environmental credits and become a sustainable city. As a proposal to collect the used cooking oils must be used the logistical planning to collect of garbage from Campinas houses, thought of one reservoir attached in garbage trucks. The biodiesel industrial plant must be placed in Barão Geraldo district, due to be next of petroleum refinery from Paulínia, highways of national importance and pharmaceutical industries; because it facilitates the acquisition of inputs and the distribution and sale of products / Mestrado / Sistemas de Processos Quimicos e Informatica / Mestre em Engenharia Química
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Avalia??o em massa de im?veis rurais atrav?s de modelagem cl?ssica, espacial e geoestat?stica / Mass appraisal of rural land through classical, spatial and geostatistics modelingUBERTI, Marlene Salete 11 July 2016 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2016-07-11 / Traditionally the Classical Linear Regression Models (CLRMs) have been used for mass appraisal of property bulk value, however, it has been noticed the need to take into account the data spatial variation. This modeling for the geographic effects has been used mainly in urban area appraisals, while farmland values are also affected by geographic location. The lack of methodologies for mass evaluation of farmland has led to tax evasion of farmland tax revenue (ITR), as it has been inefficiently and inexpressively collected since its enactment in 1964. The objective of this paper is to use econometrics models of spatial regression in farmland comparables to produce a map of standard ground value for the Northern Region of Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. The proposed methodology includes the investigation and modeling the effects of spatial autocorrelation on the CLRMs, to evaluate their performance comparing them with the spatial models and to produce a map of standard ground value through ordinary Kriging and kernel estimator. The sample of comparables was comprised of 113 observations for model development and 25 observations for validation. To evaluate the performance of obtained maps of values were used the validation samples to calculate the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values and the metrics recommended by the International Association of Assessing Officers (IAAO). The results showed that the spatial autocorrelation can have its effect predicted by the Conditional AutoRegressive model (CAR) and by the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). By using the values predicted with the GWR model and the validation comparables, the Kernel estimator presented the best performance on map production, yielding the lowest RMSE and dispersion coefficients, median of ratios and Price Related Differential (PRD) close to IAAO recommended values. The combination of classical and spatial regression methodologies and the use of Geostatistics techniques showed to be suitable for obtaining maps of standard ground value for farmland areas. The proposed methodology has been show applicable to farmland sales market, as it can be used by municipalities to obtain representative models of real market values, as well as to produce farmland standard ground value maps. / Nas avalia??es em massa de im?veis tradicionalmente s?o utilizados os modelos cl?ssicos de regress?o linear (MCRL), entretanto tem-se verificado a necessidade de modelar os dados espacialmente. Esta modelagem dos efeitos espaciais vem sendo utilizada principalmente nas avalia??es de ?reas urbanas, sendo que os valores dos im?veis nas ?reas rurais tamb?m s?o afetados pela localiza??o geogr?fica. A inexist?ncia de metodologias de avalia??o em massa de im?veis rurais ? um dos motivos da evas?o da receita do imposto territorial rural (ITR), pois desde que foi criado em 1964, a arrecada??o deste imposto ? ineficiente e inexpressiva. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a utiliza??o de modelos econom?tricos de regress?o espacial na modelagem dos efeitos espaciais em uma amostra de im?veis rurais para a elabora??o da Planta de Valores Gen?ricos (PVG) em uma ?rea da Regi?o Norte Fluminense, estado do Rio de Janeiro. A proposta metodol?gica consistiu em investigar e modelar os efeitos causados pela autocorrela??o espacial sobre os MCRL, avaliar seus desempenhos comparando-os com os modelos espaciais e produzir a PVG por meio da Krigagem ordin?ria e do estimador Kernel. A amostra utilizada contou com 113 observa??es e 25 amostras de verifica??o. Para avaliar o desempenho das superf?cies de valores obtidas foram utilizadas as amostras de verifica??o e calculados os valores da Raiz Quadrada do Erro M?dio Quadr?tico (REMQ) e das m?tricas recomendadas pela International Association of Assessing Officers (IAAO). Os resultados mostraram que a autocorrela??o espacial pode ter seus efeitos reduzidos pelo Modelo do Erro Espacialmente Correlacionado (Conditional Auto Regressive - CAR) e pela Regress?o Geograficamente Ponderada (RGP). A superf?cie gerada pelo estimador Kernel, utilizando-se os valores preditos da amostra de verifica??o pelo modelo RGP foi a que obteve o melhor desempenho com menor REMQ e valores do coeficiente de dispers?o (COD), da mediana das raz?es e do Diferencial Relativo ao Pre?o (Price Related Differential - PRD) pr?ximos dos recomendados pela IAAO. A combina??o das metodologias da regress?o cl?ssica e espacial, e a utiliza??o de t?cnicas de Geoestat?stica se mostraram adequadas para a elabora??o e obten??o da PVG para ?reas rurais. A metodologia proposta se mostrou aplic?vel nos mercados de terras rurais, pois pode ser utilizada pelos munic?pios para obter modelos representativos da realidade destes mercados, bem como para elaborar a PVG das ?reas rurais.
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Performance Evaluation of a Newly Developed MR-Compatible Mobile PET Scanner with Two Detector Layouts / 新規に開発したMR対応可搬型PET装置の2通りの検出器配置における性能評価Watanabe, Masao 23 March 2020 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第22305号 / 医博第4546号 / 新制||医||1040(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 増永 慎一郎, 教授 鈴木 実, 教授 溝脇 尚志 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
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Určení prostorových vztahů jeřábové dráhy / Deformation Surveying of Crane TrackPříhoda, Martin January 2013 (has links)
The thesis deals with design of suitable methods to determine space relations of the particular crane tracks. These methods are investigated within the accuracy analysis. Test measurements using the designed methods are described and their results are analysed and compared with the applicable standards.
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STANDARDIZACE ZNALECKÉHO POSTUPU PŘI ZJIŠTĚNÍ OBVYKLÉ CENY VĚCNÉHO BŘEMENE PŘI VÝSTAVBĚ POZEMNÍCH KOMUNIKACÍ / STANDARDIZATION OF THE VALUATION APPROACH FOR DETERMINING THE MARKET VALUE OF EASEMENTS IN ROAD CONSTRUCTIONSedláček, Jan January 2015 (has links)
This PhD thesis analyzes the current situation in appraisals of technical infrastructure easements created by the Road and Motorway Directorate of the Czech Republic in the process of transport infrastructure development. The thesis explains the basic concepts, identifies the relevant legisla-tion and examines the appraising methods used for these easements as described in the literature. It then discusses and critically assesses, based on existing legislation and best practices, the indi-vidual appraising approaches used in expert opinions prepared for the Road and Motorway Di-rectorate of the Czech Republic. Drawing on this assessment, it makes recommendations for a standardized approach for establishing the fair market value of easements and demonstrates its application on a model example.
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