This is a quantitative study aimed at analyzing the migration patterns across the fifty United States of America and the determinants thereof. This research is founded upon the theories and study of agglomeration economies and institutional factors to evaluate each state in terms of creativity and freedom. Values for creativity and institutional freedom serve as the independent variables. The dependent variable is actual state to state migration data during the 2004-2008 period from the Internal Revenue Service. Measures for education, climate, population, distance, and crime rates serve as control variables in this study. All 34 models of this study were analyzed via multivariate linear regression using the SPSS 17.0 software package. All models were highly significant with high coefficients of determination. The results show that creativity is highly significantly and positively correlated with circulatory migration flows. Economic, personal, and overall freedom were very significant predictors of migration in terms of attraction and circulation. Apart from education, all the control variables examined were significant predictors of migration flows. This study also creates a new measure of overall freedom: the FRASERMPFI, which outperformed all other independent variables. The results of this study have several implications for workers, businesses, and policy makers. It is hoped that the results of this study can serve as a reference for future economic growth and promotion of freedom in the U.S.

Nominally, one can expect any user of modern technology to at least carry a handheld device of the class of an iPAQ (perhaps in the form of a cellphone). The availability of technology in the environment (home, office, public spaces) also continues to grow at an amazing pace. With advances in technology, it is feasible to remain connected and enjoy services that we care about, be it entertainment, sports, or plain work, anytime anywhere. We need a system that supports seamless migration of services from handhelds to the environment (or vice versa) and between environments. Virtualization technology is able to support such a migration by providing a common virtualized interface on both source and destination. In this dissertation, we focus on two levels of virtualization to address issues for seamless mobility. We first identify three different kinds of spaces and three axes to support mobility in these spaces. Then we present two systems that address these dimensions from different perspectives. For middleware level virtualization, we built a system called MobiGo that can capture the application states and restore the service execution with saved states at the destination platform. It provides the architectural elements for efficiently managing different states in the different spaces. Evaluation suggested that the overhead of the system is relatively small and meets user's expectation. On the other hand, for device level virtualization, Chameleon is a Xen-like system level virtualization system to support device level migration and automatic capability adaptation at a lower level. Chameleon is able to capture and restore device states and automatically accommodate the heterogeneity of devices to provide the migration of services. Device level virtualization can address some issues that cannot be addressed in middleware level virtualization. It also has less requirements than middleware level virtualization in order to be applied to existing systems. Through performance measurements, we demonstrate that Chameleon introduces minimal overhead while providing capability adaptation and device state migration for seamless mobility in ubiquitous computing environments.

Edge Computation aims to bring the functionality of hyperscale datacenters closer to the end-user as to offer reliable low-latency communication through distributed compute power. With the ongoing rise of 5G standalone promis-ing low latency and high capacity, the possibility of running user real-time applications in a distributed setting has never been closer. The focus of this master’s thesis is to analyze and evaluate the limitation and solution alternatives for application state migration, whilst maintaining service continuity. By employing migration strategies and custom application specific methods, this thesis proposes avenues of minimizing application state divergence and viable, distributed Edge Compute specific, modifications of an orchestration system applicable without breaking core functionality.

This thesis deals with integration of foreigners in the CR and Finland. It describes and compares integration processes in both countries. Integration of foreigners is observed from the perspective of state, social workers as individuals and from perspective of organizations. Part of this master thesis is also a survey studying the view of social workers on the process of integration in the Czech Republic.

Änderungen von Datenstromanfragen zur Laufzeit werden insbesondere durch zustandsbehaftete Datenstromoperatoren erschwert. Da die Zustände im Arbeitsspeicher abgelegt sind und bei einem Neustart verloren gehen, wurden in der Vergangenheit Migrationsverfahren entwickelt, um die inneren Operatorzustände bei einem Änderungsvorgang zu erhalten. Die Migrationsverfahren basieren auf zwei unterschiedlichen Ansätzen - Zustandstransfer und Parallelausführung - sind jedoch aufgrund ihrer Realisierung auf eine zentrale Ausführung beschränkt. Mit wachsenden Anforderungen in Bezug auf Datenmengen und Antwortzeiten werden Datenstromsysteme vermehrt verteilt ausgeführt, beispielsweise durch Sensornetze oder verteilte IT-Systeme. Zur Anpassung der Anfragen zur Laufzeit sind existierende Migrationsstrategien nicht oder nur bedingt geeignet. Diese Arbeit leistet einen Beitrag zur Lösung dieser Problematik und zur Optimierung der Migration in Datenstromsystemen. Am Beispiel von präventiven Instandhaltungsstrategien in Fabrikumgebungen werden Anforderungen für die Datenstromverarbeitung und insbesondere für die Migration abgeleitet. Das generelle Ziel ist demnach eine möglichst schnelle Migration bei gleichzeitiger Ergebnisausgabe. In einer detaillierten Analyse der existierenden Migrationsstrategien werden deren Stärken und Schwächen bezüglich der gestellten Anforderungen diskutiert. Für die Adaption von laufenden Datenstromanfragen wird eine allgemeine Methodik vorgestellt, welche als Basis für die neuen Strategien dient. Diese Adaptionsmethodik unterstützt zwei Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Migrationskonfigurationen - ein numerisches Verfahren für periodische Datenströme und ein heuristisches Verfahren, welches auch auf aperiodische Datenströme angewendet werden kann. Eine wesentliche Funktionalität zur Minimierung der Migrationsdauer ist dabei die Beschränkung auf notwendige Zustandswerte, da in verteilten Umgebungen eine Übertragungszeit für den Zustandstransfer veranschlagt werden muss - zwei Aspekte, die bei existierenden Verfahren nicht berücksichtigt werden. Durch die Verwendung von neu entwickelten Zustandstransfermethoden kann zudem die Übertragungsreihenfolge der einzelnen Zustandswerte beeinflusst werden. Die Konzepte wurden in einem OSGi-basierten Prototyp implementiert und zudem simulativ analysiert. Mit einer umfassenden Evaluierung wird die Funktionsfähigkeit aller Komponenten und Konzepte demonstriert. Der Performance-Vergleich zwischen den existierenden und den neuen Migrationsstrategien fällt deutlich zu Gunsten der neuen Strategien aus, die zudem in der Lage sind, alle Anforderungen zu erfüllen.

Änderungen von Datenstromanfragen zur Laufzeit werden insbesondere durch zustandsbehaftete Datenstromoperatoren erschwert. Da die Zustände im Arbeitsspeicher abgelegt sind und bei einem Neustart verloren gehen, wurden in der Vergangenheit Migrationsverfahren entwickelt, um die inneren Operatorzustände bei einem Änderungsvorgang zu erhalten. Die Migrationsverfahren basieren auf zwei unterschiedlichen Ansätzen - Zustandstransfer und Parallelausführung - sind jedoch aufgrund ihrer Realisierung auf eine zentrale Ausführung beschränkt. Mit wachsenden Anforderungen in Bezug auf Datenmengen und Antwortzeiten werden Datenstromsysteme vermehrt verteilt ausgeführt, beispielsweise durch Sensornetze oder verteilte IT-Systeme. Zur Anpassung der Anfragen zur Laufzeit sind existierende Migrationsstrategien nicht oder nur bedingt geeignet. Diese Arbeit leistet einen Beitrag zur Lösung dieser Problematik und zur Optimierung der Migration in Datenstromsystemen. Am Beispiel von präventiven Instandhaltungsstrategien in Fabrikumgebungen werden Anforderungen für die Datenstromverarbeitung und insbesondere für die Migration abgeleitet. Das generelle Ziel ist demnach eine möglichst schnelle Migration bei gleichzeitiger Ergebnisausgabe. In einer detaillierten Analyse der existierenden Migrationsstrategien werden deren Stärken und Schwächen bezüglich der gestellten Anforderungen diskutiert. Für die Adaption von laufenden Datenstromanfragen wird eine allgemeine Methodik vorgestellt, welche als Basis für die neuen Strategien dient. Diese Adaptionsmethodik unterstützt zwei Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Migrationskonfigurationen - ein numerisches Verfahren für periodische Datenströme und ein heuristisches Verfahren, welches auch auf aperiodische Datenströme angewendet werden kann. Eine wesentliche Funktionalität zur Minimierung der Migrationsdauer ist dabei die Beschränkung auf notwendige Zustandswerte, da in verteilten Umgebungen eine Übertragungszeit für den Zustandstransfer veranschlagt werden muss - zwei Aspekte, die bei existierenden Verfahren nicht berücksichtigt werden. Durch die Verwendung von neu entwickelten Zustandstransfermethoden kann zudem die Übertragungsreihenfolge der einzelnen Zustandswerte beeinflusst werden. Die Konzepte wurden in einem OSGi-basierten Prototyp implementiert und zudem simulativ analysiert. Mit einer umfassenden Evaluierung wird die Funktionsfähigkeit aller Komponenten und Konzepte demonstriert. Der Performance-Vergleich zwischen den existierenden und den neuen Migrationsstrategien fällt deutlich zu Gunsten der neuen Strategien aus, die zudem in der Lage sind, alle Anforderungen zu erfüllen.

The submitted thesis focuses on the cooperation of the state and non-governmental non-profit organizations in fighting labour exploitation in the Czech Republic. It is one of the most frequent forms of the human trafficking in the CR. The thesis is based on several theories and concepts, such as the actor - network theory, the institutional theory, the Four "C" theory, the NNO theory or the dignified work concept. The thesis analyses the concept of the policy on labour exploitation in the Czech Republic with a focus on the cooperation of main actors from state and non-profit sectors in fighting labour exploitation and proposes how to improve this cooperation. The thesis defines different relevant terms as well as the term "labour exploitation". It also presents statistical data concerning this phenomenon. An analysis of policy documents on a transnational and national level is used to analyse the policy concept. The thesis also works with a quick analysis of actors and semi-structured interviews with eight experts from public and non-profit sector - specifically with employees of the Asylum and Migration Policy Department of the Ministry of the Interior, the Crime Prevention Department, the State Labour Inspection Office and with social workers of the non-profit organizations La Strada and...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:18:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao marcus vinicius mendes.pdf: 2369089 bytes, checksum: 841841ae88caf7c6c9adb67b65e533c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-06 / The durability of reinforced concrete structures is damaged by the degrading action of the penetration of substances in the form of gases, vapors and liquids through the pores and cracks. It is known that water both in its pure form or containing dissolved ions such as chloride, sulphate, carbon dioxide or oxygen ions, can compromise the durability of concrete structures. In reinforced concrete structures at the marine environment, for example, the towers of wind power plants, this degradation can be more intense and accelerated. Thus, in the present study were analyzed concretes with different mineral additions (silica fume, blast furnace slag) and water / binder ratios (0.35, 0.45 and 0.55), with the objective to verify if the inside and cover thickness of concrete have some effect on the mechanisms of transport and also the effect of carbonation (only for concrete with w/b equal to 0.55) in the surface layer of concrete is important enough to make dificult the entry of aggressive agents in concrete. For this, the following tests to evaluate the mass transport in concrete were performed: capillary water absorption (NBR 9779:1995), water penetration under pressure (NBR 10787:1994), air permeability (method Figg), penetrability of chloride ion (ASTM C 1202: 2009), non-steadystate migration test (NT BUILD 492:1999). As a result, it was found that the mineral addition used generally provided an improvement in front of the concrete mechanisms of mass transport. In one of the properties, namely the diffusion coefficient (non-steady-state migration) of concrete with the use of silica fume and blast furnace slag, this has been reduced dramatically, around 11 times for the concrete with w/b equal to 0.55, when it is compared with concrete without mineral addition. It was observed that the inner region of concrete behaved better, in an unexpected way, than concrete cover region for some properties (capillary absorption, water penetration under pressure, penetration of chloride ions). From this conclusion, it can be said that the inner part of concrete is composed of transition zones (aggregated interface / mortar) exposed to facilitate the entry of fluids, gases and ions. About the effect of carbonation, this affected the capillary absorption and air permeability. The results led to explain that the clogging of the pores resulting from the product of carbonation (CaCO3), promoted the refinement of the pores, thus increasing capillary force and, consequently, increasing the capillary absorption. However, for air permeability this effect has damaged the passage of air through the surface layer. Finally, it is important noting that significant correlations were found among tests that evaluated the mechanisms of mass transport, namely, penetration of chloride ions and capillary absorption, diffusion coefficient (non-steady-state migration) and capillary absorption, permeability air and water penetration under pressure, penetration of chloride ions and the diffusion coefficient. / A durabilidade das estruturas de concreto armado é prejudicada pela ação deteriorante da penetração de substâncias na forma de gases, vapores e líquidos através de poros e fissuras. Sabe-se que a água, tanto no seu estado puro ou com íons dissolvidos, como os cloretos, sulfato, dióxido de carbono ou oxigênio, pode comprometer a durabilidade das estruturas de concreto. Em estruturas de concreto armado localizadas em ambiente marítimo como, por exemplo, as torres de energia eólica, essa deterioração pode ser mais intensa e acelerada. Diante disso, no presente trabalho foram analisados concretos com diferentes adições minerais (sílica ativa e escória de alto-forno) e relações água/aglomerante (0,35; 0,45 e 0,55), tendo como objetivo principal verificar se a parte interna e o cobrimento do concreto exercem algum efeito nos mecanismos de transporte e, se o efeito da carbonatação (somente para concretos de relação a/g igual a 0,55) na camada superficial do concreto é relevante a ponto de dificultar a entrada de agentes agressivos no concreto. Para isso, foram realizados os seguintes ensaios para avaliar o transporte de massa no concreto: absorção de água por capilaridade (NBR 9779:1995), penetração de água sob pressão (NBR 10787:1994), permeabilidade ao ar (método de Figg), penetrabilidade de cloretos (ASTM C 1202: 2009), ensaio de migração em regime não estacionário (NT BUILD 492:1999). Como resultado constatou-se que as adições minerais empregadas propiciaram de maneira geral uma melhoria dos concretos frente aos mecanismos de transporte de massa. Em uma das propriedades avaliadas, a saber, o coeficiente de difusão (migração regime não estacionário) dos concretos com o emprego de sílica ativa e escória de alto-forno, esse foi reduzido drasticamente, em torno de 11 vezes para os concretos com relação a/ag igual a 0,55, quando comparado com os concretos sem adição mineral. Quanto à região do concreto, notou-se para algumas propriedades (absorção capilar, penetração de água sob pressão, penetrabilidade de cloretos) que a região interna comportou-se melhor, de maneira inesperada, que a região do cobrimento. Diante dessa conclusão, criou-se uma hipótese para tal comportamento que consistiu em afirmar que a parte interna é composta por zonas de transição (interface agregado/pasta) expostas que facilitam a entrada de fluidos, gases e íons. Já com relação ao efeito da carbonatação, esta afetou a absorção capilar e a permeabilidade ao ar. Os resultados levaram a explicar que a colmatação dos poros, advindos do produto (CaCO3) da carbonatação promoveu o refinamento dos poros, aumentando, assim, a força capilar e, conseqüentemente, o aumento da absorção capilar. No entanto, para permeabilidade ao ar esse efeito dificultou a passagem de ar através da camada superficial. Por último, cabe destacar, que correlações importantes foram obtidas entre os ensaios que avaliaram os mecanismos de transporte de massa, a saber, penetrabilidade de cloretos e absorção capilar, coeficiente de difusão (migração regime não estacionário) e absorção capilar, permeabilidade ao ar e penetração de água sob pressão, penetrabilidade de cloreto e coeficiente de difusão.