This thesis attempts to present a critical survey on studies on Anatolian capital focusing on their state and market conceptualizations. The studies have been grouped into three due to their theoretical frameworks as the studies employing New Regionalist, state tradition and state rescaling approaches. The thesis proposes New Regionalist and state tradition approaches to Anatolian capital are both ahistorical and aspatial approaches / these approaches develop in parallel with political developments and propose a glossed over portrait of Anatolian Tigers. Anatolian Tigers are generally presented as representatives of free market as they develop with little or no support of the state unlike the former generation of businessmen. Hence they stand for the legitimization of neo-liberal policies. The concepts of entrepreneurship, cooperation and competition are described as the nature and the merits of Anatolian small and medium scaled enterprises which make them compatible with the free market conditions. The last group of literature, state rescaling, is presented as the alternative to the first two with its historical and spatial analysis. The thesis will propose the relational analyses within the state rescaling framework is helpful to reveal uneven development which is veiled by ahistorical and aspatial approaches by including relations of state, capital and labour instead of defining the experience of Anatolian capital as a challenge to the state.

La thèse analyse les recompositions de la citoyenneté dans un contexte de rééchelonnement de l’État en France et au Québec. L’argument est que, dans un tel contexte, la citoyenneté nationale se rééchelonne. Le cadre théorique consiste en une relecture institutionnelle du concept de rééchelonnement de l’État développé par N. Brenner ainsi que certains apports des travaux de J. Jenson et S. Phillips sur les régimes de citoyenneté. La thèse compare les évolutions de politiques de gestion de la diversité ethnique - centrales dans l’analyse de la citoyenneté - à Marseille et Montréal au travers des reconfigurations des rapports entre acteurs institutionnels prenant place à l’échelle locale. Nous montrons que l’État national reste un acteur important de la régulation de la citoyenneté et que les villes et les échelons locaux de l’État ont acquis une marge de manœuvre par rapport à l’État central dans la mise en place de politiques régulant la citoyenneté à l’échelle locale. Néanmoins, à l’issue de la comparaison, des différences se font jour. Au Québec, l’État central conserve un contrôle important sur les politiques instaurées à l’échelle locale alors que ceci est moins le cas en France. Ces résultats indiquent que le rééchelonnement de l’État est plus fortement institutionnalisé en France qu’au Québec. Les apports de la thèse sont triples. En premier lieu, nous montrons que l’approche institutionnelle du rééchelonnement de l’État permet de mieux décrire les processus à l’œuvre dans différents contextes nationaux que ne le permet la perspective de N. Brenner. En second lieu, nous démontrons que le concept de citoyenneté urbaine ne permet pas de rendre compte des mutations actuelles de la citoyenneté. Enfin, nous montrons que le rééchelonnement de la citoyenneté s’est institutionnalisé en France, dans un État où la conception de la citoyenneté est traditionnellement considérée comme « unitaire », nuançant ainsi cette catégorie classique en science politique. / This doctoral dissertation aims at analyzing the current reconfigurations of citizenship in a context of state rescaling in France and Québec. In opposition to urban citizenship theories, we contend that in an era of globalization national citizenship is being rescaled. We use a theoretical framework based on an institutional version of N. Brenner’s state rescaling perspective and some arguments made by J. Jenson and S. Phillips in their works about citizenship regimes. The empirical analysis draws on a comparison between the policies of ethnic diversity management - which lie at the core of citizenship models - taking place in Marseille and Montreal. Through a study of the reconfigurations taking place in the relations between institutional actors at the local scale, we show first that in a context of state rescaling, national states’ regulatory capacities over citizenship are important and, second, that cities and local state services have gained room of manoeuvre vis-à-vis the central state in regulating citizenship while implementing policies at the local scale. Though we show that in both cases citizenship has been rescaled, differences have also been found. In Québec the central state has more control over the policies implemented at the local scale than in France. These results indicate that the process of citizenship rescaling is far more institutionalised in France than in Québec. The thesis makes contribution first to the literature on state rescaling in showing that an institutional perspective is best suited for the analysis of state rescaling processes in different countries. Second, regarding the literature about citizenship and globalization, we establish that the concept of urban citizenship cannot grasp the current transformations undergone by the institution of citizenship. Third, we show that citizenship rescaling processes are being institutionalised in a country known for its “Unitary” and “Republican” conception of citizenship. This last finding destabilizes a well-established category in the political science literature.

La thèse analyse les recompositions de la citoyenneté dans un contexte de rééchelonnement de l’État en France et au Québec. L’argument est que, dans un tel contexte, la citoyenneté nationale se rééchelonne. Le cadre théorique consiste en une relecture institutionnelle du concept de rééchelonnement de l’État développé par N. Brenner ainsi que certains apports des travaux de J. Jenson et S. Phillips sur les régimes de citoyenneté. La thèse compare les évolutions de politiques de gestion de la diversité ethnique - centrales dans l’analyse de la citoyenneté - à Marseille et Montréal au travers des reconfigurations des rapports entre acteurs institutionnels prenant place à l’échelle locale. Nous montrons que l’État national reste un acteur important de la régulation de la citoyenneté et que les villes et les échelons locaux de l’État ont acquis une marge de manœuvre par rapport à l’État central dans la mise en place de politiques régulant la citoyenneté à l’échelle locale. Néanmoins, à l’issue de la comparaison, des différences se font jour. Au Québec, l’État central conserve un contrôle important sur les politiques instaurées à l’échelle locale alors que ceci est moins le cas en France. Ces résultats indiquent que le rééchelonnement de l’État est plus fortement institutionnalisé en France qu’au Québec. Les apports de la thèse sont triples. En premier lieu, nous montrons que l’approche institutionnelle du rééchelonnement de l’État permet de mieux décrire les processus à l’œuvre dans différents contextes nationaux que ne le permet la perspective de N. Brenner. En second lieu, nous démontrons que le concept de citoyenneté urbaine ne permet pas de rendre compte des mutations actuelles de la citoyenneté. Enfin, nous montrons que le rééchelonnement de la citoyenneté s’est institutionnalisé en France, dans un État où la conception de la citoyenneté est traditionnellement considérée comme « unitaire », nuançant ainsi cette catégorie classique en science politique. / This doctoral dissertation aims at analyzing the current reconfigurations of citizenship in a context of state rescaling in France and Québec. In opposition to urban citizenship theories, we contend that in an era of globalization national citizenship is being rescaled. We use a theoretical framework based on an institutional version of N. Brenner’s state rescaling perspective and some arguments made by J. Jenson and S. Phillips in their works about citizenship regimes. The empirical analysis draws on a comparison between the policies of ethnic diversity management - which lie at the core of citizenship models - taking place in Marseille and Montreal. Through a study of the reconfigurations taking place in the relations between institutional actors at the local scale, we show first that in a context of state rescaling, national states’ regulatory capacities over citizenship are important and, second, that cities and local state services have gained room of manoeuvre vis-à-vis the central state in regulating citizenship while implementing policies at the local scale. Though we show that in both cases citizenship has been rescaled, differences have also been found. In Québec the central state has more control over the policies implemented at the local scale than in France. These results indicate that the process of citizenship rescaling is far more institutionalised in France than in Québec. The thesis makes contribution first to the literature on state rescaling in showing that an institutional perspective is best suited for the analysis of state rescaling processes in different countries. Second, regarding the literature about citizenship and globalization, we establish that the concept of urban citizenship cannot grasp the current transformations undergone by the institution of citizenship. Third, we show that citizenship rescaling processes are being institutionalised in a country known for its “Unitary” and “Republican” conception of citizenship. This last finding destabilizes a well-established category in the political science literature.

Extended Abstract This thesis addresses the globalizing urban waterfront in Bratislava. It aims to unravel the key logics driving the decision-making processes behind waterfront re- development in the Slovak capital. I investigate the infiltration of the capitalist logics into a transforming institutional environment unfolding from the post-socialist transition. This is being done through a distinction between the capitalist and the territorial logics of power (Jessop, 1999; Harvey, 2005). Across the globe, waterfront re-development has become the urban response to inner-city decline, and the increasing inter-urban competitiveness in today's neoliberal capitalism. The origins of waterfront transformations are here framed as an urban manifestation of geographically uneven logics of capital put into motion by the crisis of Atlantic Fordism (Smith, 1990; Jessop, 2000). The capital switching into the build-up environment (Harvey, 1978; 2005), is temporarily fixed on urban waterfronts through decisions made on multiple scales (Brenner, 2001). Various types of 'extraverted' strategies such as the Ecosystem approach (Laidley, 2007), a construction of megaprojects & an organisation of mega-events (Orueta & Fainstein 2009), or localization of transnational circulations of stararchitects (Alaily-Mattar et.al. 2018),...