The goal of the master's thesis is to prepare the opening statement of financial position according to the International Financial Reporting Standards. The theoretical part commences with the analysis of the current regulation of IFRS in the Czech Republic. Then follows the explanation of conditions and reasons for transition to IFRS. In the end of the theoretical part, the process of transition is explained as well as the application of IFRS 1. The practical part deals with the detail analysis of the individual line items of the statement of financial position according to the Czech GAAP. There also analyzed the relevant regulation of individual line items according to IFRS as well as performed adjustments required from the entity in order to transition to IFRS.

This diploma thesis deals with application of the International Financial Reporting Standard for Small and Medium-sized Entities (IFRS SME) in conditions of a certain manufacturing company. First parts of the thesis are focused on identification of differences between IFRS SME and full IFRS as well as on IFRS SME concept compared to the Czech and Dutch GAAP. Practical part aims to analyze the overall process of first Standard's adoption that is linked to necessary modification of company's accounting policies. The goal of this part is also to prepare Statements of financial position covering two accounting periods after the transition date. In one part of this thesis there are also brief comments on qualification and education of accountants. As a result of all mentioned above, this thesis helps to outline benefits and constraints of possible IFRS SME implementation in the Czech Republic.

The master‘s thesis is focused on defining the differences between Czech Accounting Legislation and International Financial Reporting Standards. The theoretical part defines IAS/IFRS, its development and significance at the international level. It deals with rules and requirements that are set out in the financial reporting framework and also in IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements. The differences concerning the reporting of a paricular field of accounting are also described in the theoretical part. The practical part follows up the analysis of the selected company and application requirements of IAS/IFRS on selected items of business corporations. Thanks to the application of the requirements, a statement of financial position and a statement of comprehensive income are proposed in accordance with the rules of IAS/IFRS. Procedural steps which are necessary for the first adoption of IAS/IFRS are covered in the last chapter of the master thesis.

At the time of the ongoing global economic crisis, successful management of the company depends on the ability and experience of management and quality of information on which decisions are made. Financial analysis provides a number of methods that allows evaluate the situation in which a company is in order to provide the basis for effective business management. The result is a healthy company with a positive outlook for the future.

The diploma thesis focuses by selected methods on complex situation of medium-seize firm offering comprehensive sanitation programs for professional users in the Czech Republic. The research period covers the period from 2008 to 2012. Based on the analyzed data, their accuracy and completeness, were suggested solutions that should lead to an improvement of the current situation.

This thesis assesses the financial situation of the company focused on the surface finishing. The research period is between the years 2009-2013. The thesis is divided into several parts. The first part discusses the theoretical methods and analyzes a company's rating. The second part is practical and uses the theoretical knowledge from the previous section. The last chapter is based on the results of analyzing and according to these results, this part proposes solutions which can lead to improvement of the company.

The South African Reserve Bank presents an annual balance sheet for the South African household sector constructed from macro-economic data estimates. Broad asset and liability classes are presented which can be disaggregated with the use of micro-level data obtained directly from households. At the time of the study, however, micro-level data on the different asset and liability classes accumulated by households was not available. The main objective of the study was to disaggregate and measure the asset and liability base of South African households in metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas using micro-level data. The study used a mixed methodological approach, consisting of both qualitative and quantitative data and was conducted in three phases. In the first phase, a comprehensive literature review was conducted on the recognition and measurement of household assets and liabilities. Economic theories that explain asset and liability accumulation were reviewed and international surveys on household net wealth measurement scrutinised. A heuristic model of a financial position section for the South African household sector was developed. In the second and qualitative phase, online and face-to-face focus group deliberations were conducted with experts in the field of household finance to ensure that the newly developed financial position section would robustly recognise and measure all possible household asset and liability classes. In the third and quantitative phase, the financial position section was included in an omnibus survey and data was collected from a representative sample of 2 606 households in South Africa. The weighted data was segmented in terms of metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas and presented as statements of financial position based on the classification, recognition and measurement principles of “The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2010”. Composition analyses presented a secondary objective, namely to explore the effect of identified independent demographic variables on asset and liability accumulation. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) identified meaningful interaction effects for (1) age, income and area; (2) income and age; (3) education, income and age; and (4) education and income on asset accumulation and an age and income interaction effect on liability accumulation. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on the contemporaneous effect of age, income, education and area of residence on household asset and liability accumulation and provides information on South African household net wealth not yet available. The disaggregated asset and liability base will assist policy makers both at micro- and macro-economic level with the overview and management of South African household net wealth. / Business Management / D. Accounting Science

Text in Afrikaans / Die primere doelstelling met hierdie studie was om 'n kritiese beskouing van die staat van kontantvloei-inligting (hierna genoem die staat) as element van finansiele verslagdoening te verskaf met die oog op die identifisering van moontlike leemtes, tekortkominge en nut wat die gebruikers van die staat ondervind. Die studie dui daarop dat alhoewel daar 'n aantal leemtes en tekortkominge in die huidige staat is, daar wei 'n behoefte aan die kant van die gebruiker na 'n staat van kontantvloei-inligting as deel van die finansiele state bestaan. Die waarde van sodanige staat is deurgaans in die literatuurstudie sowel as met die empiriese studie beklemtoon. Dit het ook in die studie na vore gekom dat die staat vir gebruikers van groot waarde is in die evaluering van solvensie en risiko in bepaalde ondernemings. Die gebruikswaarde van die staat maak dit dringend noodsaaklik dat daar onverwyld aandag aan die leemtes geskenk moet word. Verskeie aanbevelings vir 'n verbeterde staat van kontantvloei-inligting word dan ook in hierdie studie gemaak en dit sluit 'n moontlike model in. 'n Aantal aanbevelings rondom die praktiese aspekte van die gebruik van die staat word ook gemaak, omdat dit die potensiaal het om 'n onmisbare hulpmiddel vir die gebruiker te word. / The prime objective of this study was to take a critical look at the cash flow information statement (hereinafter named the statement) as an element of financial reporting. It was based on the experience of the users in view of identifying possible gaps, shortcomings and benefits. The study suggests that a definite need occurs from the users side for cash flow information as part of the financial statements. It was also evident from the study that the statement is a very important tool for the evaluation of solvency and risk. The usability of the statement necessitates that attention be given to the gaps. Several recommendations, including a possible model were made for an improvement in the statement. A number of recommendations were also made regarding practical aspects for the use of the statement, since it has the potential to be an indispensable tool for users. / Financial Accounting / M. Com. (Accounting)

It is twenty-one years since South Africa’s democracy and the majority of South African households can still be classified as poor, despite the various interventions by Government to reduce poverty and inequality. The measurement used to determine the financial status of a household at a given point in time is its net equity in accordance with its Statement of Financial Position, calculated as its assets owned less liabilities owed. This study aimed to identify the selected significant factors that affect a South African household’s net equity value. In order to achieve the aim of this study, a heuristic model consisting of two components was developed. The first component considered which assets and liabilities should be included in determining a household’s net equity and how these assets and liabilities should be valued. The second component identified the selected factors that influence a household’s net equity. The heuristic model was applied to the empirical data using three phases. Firstly, the net equity value was calculated for each household. This was followed by an analysis of the selected factors that significantly influence household net equity. The last phase was performed to determine the effect of the identified selected factors in explaining the difference between households that have above average net equity values and those having below average values. The results of the study indicated that 11 selected factors significantly influence the net equity value in the South African household’s Statement of Financial Position. Seven of those factors significantly explain between 28,3 percent and 38,1 percent of the differences in the net equity value of a household when comparing the households with above average net equity value with those with below average values. This is useful information for policy makers in identifying the selected factors that will most significantly increase the net equity value of a household with a net equity value below the South African average. / Centre for Accounting Studies / M. Com. (Accounting Science)

The South African Reserve Bank presents an annual balance sheet for the South African household sector constructed from macro-economic data estimates. Broad asset and liability classes are presented which can be disaggregated with the use of micro-level data obtained directly from households. At the time of the study, however, micro-level data on the different asset and liability classes accumulated by households was not available. The main objective of the study was to disaggregate and measure the asset and liability base of South African households in metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas using micro-level data. The study used a mixed methodological approach, consisting of both qualitative and quantitative data and was conducted in three phases. In the first phase, a comprehensive literature review was conducted on the recognition and measurement of household assets and liabilities. Economic theories that explain asset and liability accumulation were reviewed and international surveys on household net wealth measurement scrutinised. A heuristic model of a financial position section for the South African household sector was developed. In the second and qualitative phase, online and face-to-face focus group deliberations were conducted with experts in the field of household finance to ensure that the newly developed financial position section would robustly recognise and measure all possible household asset and liability classes. In the third and quantitative phase, the financial position section was included in an omnibus survey and data was collected from a representative sample of 2 606 households in South Africa. The weighted data was segmented in terms of metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas and presented as statements of financial position based on the classification, recognition and measurement principles of “The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting 2010”. Composition analyses presented a secondary objective, namely to explore the effect of identified independent demographic variables on asset and liability accumulation. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) identified meaningful interaction effects for (1) age, income and area; (2) income and age; (3) education, income and age; and (4) education and income on asset accumulation and an age and income interaction effect on liability accumulation. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on the contemporaneous effect of age, income, education and area of residence on household asset and liability accumulation and provides information on South African household net wealth not yet available. The disaggregated asset and liability base will assist policy makers both at micro- and macro-economic level with the overview and management of South African household net wealth. / Business Management / D. Com. (Accounting Science)