Although vaccination has been regarded with scepticism and hesitancy since the first vaccines were introduced, the development of the internet into an interactive platform on which people can create their own information in combination with other societal factors have made the anti-vaxx movement both more vocal and effective. Possible causes have been explored as research in recent years has put more focus on psychological factors underlying vaccine hesitancy as the traditional method of simply providing more information seemed insufficient. This study tried to add to this existing research by exploring a new type of data, taking the interactive nature of the Web 2.0 into consideration and by bringing in research on conservative movements that show similarities with the anti-vaxx movement. By using quantitative content analysis it explored if patterns that were previously identified were also present within the closed-off Facebook group of the anti-vaxx movement in the Netherlands and studied if negative emotions should be taken into consideration as emotional driver, identifying anger as an emotion of particular interest. The results of the study showed that similar patterns and motivations were present within the closed-off Facebook group, but that people within in this group used less emotional content, engaging in more scientific debates instead. Furthermore, an analysis of underlying emotional sentiment showed that a negative sentiment was more often expressed than a positive one. Seed word analysis showed no indication of either fear or anger being the main emotional driver, but the negative sentiment and research on other movements indicated that further research should not only look into fear as underlying emotion but also take other emotions into consideration.

Populistiska krafter blir allt mer inflytelserika runt om i västvärlden, populism inklusive alla dess olika inriktningar får ett allt större stöd hos befolkningen sedan början på 2000-talet. Denna uppsats undersöker fyra förklaringsfaktorer som främjar populistiska attityder hos individer som ingår i Europa Social Survey data. Dessa faktorer grundas i Ronald Inglehart och Pippa Norris förklaringsmodeller och skapar underlag för studiens hypoteser. För att genomföra detta tillämpas kvantitativ forskningsstrategi med en deduktiv ansats. Indikatorer i analysen är sekundärdata från ESS som används för att summera ett populismindex och finna förklaringsvariabler. Syftet är att med hjälp av multipel regressionsanalys framställa vilka förklaringsfaktorer har en påverkan på populistiska attityder samt påvisa ett signifikant samband. Analysen framställer hur populistiska attityder ser ut bland studiens inkluderade länder, samt påvisar ett samband mellan populismindexet och utvalda förklaringsfaktorer. Resultatet visar att fyra förklaringsfaktorer som har inkluderats i studien har effekt på individers mottaglighet för populistiska attityder. Följaktligen redogörs att om individen är missnöjd med livet i sin helhet eller med vårdtjänsterna som finns i respektive land, kan det leda till att den är mer mottaglig för populistiska attityder än om den har låg utbildningsnivå eller tillhör den äldre generationen. Det innebär att studiens hypoteser som avser missnöje och individens bakgrundsfaktorer stämmer överens med Ingleharts och Norris förklaringsmodeller.

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Sweden is investing heavily into its military capability since Sweden’s immediate area is experiencing a detoriating security situation. At the same time several new threats in different areas have complicated the classic threat perception as we have seen a rise of terrorism, climate change, cyber threats and hybrid warfare. This paper will apply Buzan, Wæver and de Wildes theory of securitization on two reports composed by the Swedish defence commission. The aim is to see what similarities and differences in threat perception the two reports, with a twenty year gap, have. The author have analyzed the documents through qualitative content analysis in order to find evidence of identified threats and how they are perceived. The studies result shown similarities in the military sector, the societal sector and in the economic sector while the two documents differ on the political sector and the environmental sector.

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Human trafficking is a complex and widespread problem that exists all over the world. The police play an important role in combating prostitution and human trafficking and thus, this study seeks to examine the role of the police in the implementation of the Swedish national action plan against prostitution and human trafficking. More specifically, the thesis aimed to answer how the practical work against prostitution and human trafficking for sexual purposes is conducted and governed in relation to what is stated in the national action plan. Further, the thesis also aimed to answer how the implementation of the national action plan is affected by the police's competence and access to resources. In order to answer the research questions, a qualitative approach was applied. The chosen method of research was in-depth interviews and in total, five interviews was performed. The interviewees were police officers with special experience and expertise on how the work against prostitution and/or human trafficking is conducted within Stockholm. Three of the interviewees work at a special unit that solely work with human trafficking cases (the Human Trafficking Section). The other two interviewees work with prostitution cases within their local police areas. In sum, the results show that the Human Trafficking Section's work follows the action plan to a large extent. However, the action plan doesn’t govern how the local police officers should work against prostitution, which means we cannot draw any conclusions about how well the action plan is followed within the local police areas. Further, the results show that there is a lack of resources in both the human trafficking section and the local police areas. This lack of resources means that a large number of human trafficking cases most likely go undetected. The results also show that the local police areas that have an established and regular work against prostitution have sufficient competence to be able to conduct the work in an efficient manner, but the majority of the local police areas lack this knowledge. This again leads to a large part of prostitution and human trafficking going undetected.