Many efforts have been conducted for improving the operation and management of open channel networks. Implementing simulation models and software is an effective step in achieving better operation of control structures in open channel networks. The purpose of this study was to develop a tool in ArcGIS for assisting the open channel network managers in operating flow control structures. This model presents a time schedule for gate operation based on the demands at turnouts through the water usage schedule of the network. The developed model was designed to be added as a tool to ArcToolbox in ArcGIS. Any ArcGIS user who has access to ArcView or ArcInfo can add this tool to ArcToolbox. Using ArcGIS Geoprocessing tools, ModelBuilder, Scripting and ArcToolbox tools, the proposed model, "Arc-Canal", was created. Arc-Canal is implementable for irrigation networks that open channel network are digitized in ArcGIS. Simulation is for the gravity flow in open channels without any pump in the network. Calculations are based on steady flow. All hydraulic calculations for water level, gates, and weirs are based on the methods defined in "Open-Channel Hydraulics" (Chow 1959). Most of the available flow simulation models are complicated individual software for which user needs to be trained to install and use it. Also most of these software are not free accessible. Arc-Canal is an easy to use tool that anyone with the knowledge of working with ArcGIS can run it. By adding the tool to ArcToolbox and following the described naming method, and entering the required data, model is ready to run. The developed model is a free access tool. Most of the channels in open channel networks in south Texas have mild bottom slope and flow is steady gravity flow. It is desired that the developed model will be a tool to assist irrigation districts in south Texas.

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The operation of pulse tube cryocoolers (PTCs) is based on complicated and poorly-understood solid-fluid interactions involving periodic flows of a cryogenic fluid in a flow loop that includes components filled with micro porous structures. CFD simulation is the current trend in modeling of pulse-tube cryocoolers. Such simulations can only be meaningful if correct closure relations are available. The objective of this investigation is to measure and empirically correlate the axial hydrodynamic parameters for two widely used cryocooler regenerator structures. A test section will be designed, constructed and instrumented for the measurements. Porous structures tested will include 325 and 400-Mesh stainless screens, each at two different porosities. Tests will be performed with helium as the working fluid, over a wide range of parameters. The longitudinal permeabilities and Forchheimer s inertial coefficients will then be obtained in an iterative process where agreement between the data and the predictions of detailed CFD simulations for the entire test sections and their vicinity are sought. Empirical correlations representing the longitudinal permeability and Forchheimer s coefficient in terms of relevant dimensionless parameters will then be developed.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Slug flow dense phase pneumatic conveying can be a most reliable, efficient method for handling a remarkably wide range of dry bulk solids. Models for pressure drop over slugs in the low-velocity slug-flow pneumatic conveying by many researchers only took the force balance into account with the pressure drop. However, the nature of the slug flow pneumatic conveying is discontinuous and seldom becomes steady during the conveying period which requires further investigation. The fundamental understanding to gas/slug interaction in this thesis is that, by being a dynamic system, the faster a slug moves at a speed, the larger the space is left behind the slug. The gas feeding into the conveying system has to fill the increased space first then permeates through the slug and provides a push force on the slug. With gas permeation rate defined by the permeability factor, the derivative of the upstream pressure based on the air mass conservation law has been developed. For a given conveying system, the pressure in the pneumatic conveying system can be solved for steady conditions or numerically simulated for unsteady conditions. Parametric analysis have been conducted for pressure drop factors and found that slug velocity is the major reason causing the pressure fluctuation in the pneumatic conveying system. To verify the pressure drop model, this model has been applied to single slug cases and compared with experimental results for five different bulk materials, showing good results. Three distinct zones, i.e. Fixed Bed Zone, Initial Slug Zone and Reliable Slug Zone, have been found to exist in the relationship between slip velocity and pressure gradient. Lastly this model has also been applied to a multiple slug system under uniform conditions. In all, the fundamental gas pressure/pressure drop model developed in this thesis approaches slug flow conveying from a different viewpoint from the traditional momentum and material stress models developed by previous researchers, and provides a way of assessing the non-steady flow behaviour in granular dense phase pneumatic conveying. This model not only attains a better understanding of slug flow behaviour but also increases the accuracy of predicting the parameters.

Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / Slug flow dense phase pneumatic conveying can be a most reliable, efficient method for handling a remarkably wide range of dry bulk solids. Models for pressure drop over slugs in the low-velocity slug-flow pneumatic conveying by many researchers only took the force balance into account with the pressure drop. However, the nature of the slug flow pneumatic conveying is discontinuous and seldom becomes steady during the conveying period which requires further investigation. The fundamental understanding to gas/slug interaction in this thesis is that, by being a dynamic system, the faster a slug moves at a speed, the larger the space is left behind the slug. The gas feeding into the conveying system has to fill the increased space first then permeates through the slug and provides a push force on the slug. With gas permeation rate defined by the permeability factor, the derivative of the upstream pressure based on the air mass conservation law has been developed. For a given conveying system, the pressure in the pneumatic conveying system can be solved for steady conditions or numerically simulated for unsteady conditions. Parametric analysis have been conducted for pressure drop factors and found that slug velocity is the major reason causing the pressure fluctuation in the pneumatic conveying system. To verify the pressure drop model, this model has been applied to single slug cases and compared with experimental results for five different bulk materials, showing good results. Three distinct zones, i.e. Fixed Bed Zone, Initial Slug Zone and Reliable Slug Zone, have been found to exist in the relationship between slip velocity and pressure gradient. Lastly this model has also been applied to a multiple slug system under uniform conditions. In all, the fundamental gas pressure/pressure drop model developed in this thesis approaches slug flow conveying from a different viewpoint from the traditional momentum and material stress models developed by previous researchers, and provides a way of assessing the non-steady flow behaviour in granular dense phase pneumatic conveying. This model not only attains a better understanding of slug flow behaviour but also increases the accuracy of predicting the parameters.

Yes / Local scour around submarine pipelines can affect the stability of the pipeline. The accurate estimation of the scour around submarine pipelines has been a hot topic of research among marine engineers. This paper presents results from a numerical study of clear-water scour depth below a submarine pipeline for a range of the steady flow conditions. The flow field around the pipeline under scour equilibrium condition is numerically simulated by solving the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with the standard k-ε turbulence closure. The flow discharge through the scour hole for various flow conditions is investigated. The results are used to establish the relationship between the flow discharge and the maximum scour depth. Incorporated with the Colebrook-White equation, the bed shear stress is obtained and an iterative method is proposed to predict the scour depth around the submarine pipeline. The calculated scour depths using the present method agree well with the laboratory measurements, with the average absolute relative error being smaller than that using previous methods, indicating that the proposed method can be used to predict the clear-water scour around the submarine pipeline with satisfactory accuracy. / National Nature Science Fund of China (Grant No.50879084, 51279189), the Open Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University (SKHL1302),China Scholarship Council, Public Projects of Zhejiang Province (2016C33095) and the Natural Science Fund of Zhejiang Province (LQ16E090004).

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo principal equacionar uma variaÃÃo de concentraÃÃo entre o afluente e o efluente em um sistema biofÃsico ou fÃsico-quÃmico. O referencial teÃrico utilizado se embasou em uma equaÃÃo diferencial de escoamento estacionÃrio, envolvendo uma cinÃtica quÃmica e uma dispersÃo longitudinal, em que haja nÃmero de dispersÃo e eficiÃncia suficientemente baixo, relacionadas a reatores. As cinÃticas quÃmicas abordadas foram do tipo Monod, de primeira ordem, de uma ordem qualquer e uma criada semelhante à de tipo Monod. Elaborou-se um novo modelo de decaimento molecular, que propiciou gerar novas equaÃÃes de escoamento estacionÃrio. Obtiveram-se relaÃÃes entre parÃmetros volumÃtricos e uma cinÃtica quÃmica de uma mistura perfeita ou de escoamento estacionÃrio. Neste estudo, foram obtidas algumas similaridades em relaÃÃo à literatura de uma cinÃtica quÃmica em escoamento estacionÃrio. TambÃm foi desenvolvido um estudo visando a permitir melhor dimensionamento do tempo de detenÃÃo hidrÃulico real, razoavelmente comprovado pelas fontes pesquisadas. / The main aim of this research is to evaluate a variation of concentration between the affluent and effluent in a biophysical or physicochemical system. The theoretical system of references used here was based upon a differential equation of steady flow, involving a chemical kinetics and a longitudinal dispersion, in which there is a number of sufficiently low dispersion and efficiency, related to reactors. The chemical kinetics approached was of the Monod type, first order, any order and one which was set up similar to a Monod. We developed a new model of molecular decay which allowed the generation of new equations for steady flow. We obtained relationships between volumetric parameters and chemical kinetics of a perfect mixture of steady flow. In this study we found out about some similarities concerning the literature of chemical kinetics in a steady flow. It was also designed a study aiming to allow better scaling of the actual hydraulic retention time, reasonably proven by the surveyed sources.

Yes / This paper presents the results from a numerical simulation study to investigate the effect of the position angle (α) of small pipeline on the local scour and the hydrodynamic force around the piggyback pipeline in steady current conditions. Results show that the local scour depth around the piggyback pipeline increases first and then decreases with the increase of α. The scour depth and width reach the maximum values as the small pipe locates at the top of the large pipeline (i.e. α = 90°). The scour around the piggyback pipeline is accelerated when α ranges between 30° and 165°, while for α = 0°–30° and 165°–180°, the local scour around the piggyback pipeline is inhibited. Furthermore, the small pipe placed in front of the large pipe has slightly larger effect on the scour hole morphology than that when it is placed behind the large pipe. The drag force coefficient increases first and reaches the maximum value at α = 75°, and then decreases with the increase of α. Eventually the drag force coefficient approaches roughly a constant. The lift force coefficient is approximately a V-shaped with the variation of α and has the maximum value at α = 90°.

Dans le contexte énergétique actuel, nous assistons au développement de technologies de production d'énergie « propre ». Ainsi, de nouvelles perspectives comme la conversion thermodynamique de l'énergie solaire ou la valorisation des déchets sont offertes à la recherche sur les « énergies renouvelables ». Dans ce cadre, nous nous intéressons aux moteurs thermiques à apport de chaleur externe : les moteurs Stirling et Ericsson.<br />Cette thèse porte tout d'abord sur l'étude d'un petit moteur Stirling sur lequel nous avons mesuré la température instantanée et la pression instantanée en différents points. Les résultats tout à fait originaux obtenus ont été confrontés aux résultats issus de deux analyses différentes. Nous avons conclu à l'inadéquation de ces modèles.<br />Ensuite, nous avons étudié un système de micro-cogénération basé sur un moteur Ericsson couple à un système de combustion de gaz naturel. Un moteur Ericsson est une machine alternative fonctionnant selon un cycle thermodynamique de JOULE. L'objectif de ce système est de produire 11 kW de puissance électrique ainsi que de la chaleur utile. Dans le but de dimensionner ce système, nous avons réalisé des études énergétique, exergétique et exergo-économique de cet ensemble.

This diploma thesis deals with computing of edit influences on assigned stiff body from the flow of inviscid liquid. There are derived equations for computation of the influences during translational or torsional wobble and follow-up calculation of the units of their tensors.