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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

James Watt: a trajetória que levou ao desenvolvimento da máquina a vapor vista por seus biógrafos e homens de ciências

Tavares, Luiz Alberto 15 October 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:16:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Alberto Tavares.pdf: 408610 bytes, checksum: 05f9a9d3fd1807fe6b040c1ebd820478 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-10-15 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / The aim of this paper is to discuss the Scotch James Watt s work in the improvement of the steam engine. This research considered studies of historians from the Nineteenth-Century contemporary with him and historians from the Twentieth-Century who saw him in a more critical way. We also consider the relationship between Watt and his partners at the University of Glasgow and at the Lunar Society, as well as his partnership with Thomas Boulton for the commercialization of the steam engine. Another point of this work is the building of his image as the main inventor of the steam engine / Esta dissertação tem por objetivo a abordagem do trabalho do escocês James Watt no aperfeiçoamento da máquina a vapor. Este levantamento foi feito a partir de estudos de historiadores do século XIX contemporâneos a Watt e historiadores do século XX que vêem Watt de forma mais crítica. Abordamos também o relacionamento de Watt com seus parceiros, tanto na Universidade de Glasgow, como na Lunar Society, além de sua parceria com Thomas Boulton estabelecida para a comercialização da máquina. Abordamos também a projeção da sua imagem como principal inventor da máquina a vapor
22

Etudes expérimentales et numériques de systèmes de micro cogénération couplés aux bâtiments d’habitation et au réseau électrique / Experimental and numerical studies of micro combined heat and power systems coupled to dwelling buildings and to the power grid

Bouvenot, Jean-Baptiste 27 November 2015 (has links)
La micro cogénération désigne la génération simultanée de deux types d’énergie à faible puissance. En énergétique, ce terme désigne en pratique la production simultanée d’électricité et de chaleur : le principe reposant sur la récupération de la chaleur fatale induite par la production électrique. Deux bancs d’essais ont d’abord été réalisés sur deux prototypes de micro cogénérateurs : un moteur Stirling à gaz et un moteur à vapeur à granulés de bois. Une campagne expérimentale a été menée pour caractériser chaque système au niveau énergétique et environnemental. Les résultats expérimentaux ont abouti sur deux modèles numériques dynamiques et semi-physiques de micro cogénérateurs programmés dans l’environnement numérique TRNSYS où une plateforme numérique de simulation a été développée. Celle-ci intègre principalement des modèles de systèmes de stockage d’énergie, des générateurs stochastiques de fichiers de besoins énergétiques et des stratégies innovantes de pilotage des systèmes et des charges selon des critères de précision et de réalisme.Cette plateforme a permis d’évaluer la pertinence énergétique, environnementale et économique de micro cogénérateurs couplés aux bâtiments d’habitation et au réseau électrique selon différentes configurations. / Micro combined heat and power (µCHP) or cogeneration means the simultaneous generation of two energy types. In energetic fields, this term refers usually to the simultaneous production of electricity and heat: the principle being based on the recovering of the fatal heat induced by the electricity production processes.Firstly, two test benches were carried out on two µCHP prototypes: a gas Stirling engine and a wood pellets steam engine. Experimental investigations were conducted to characterize each system at energy and environmental levels. The experimental results led two dynamic and semi physical numerical models of µCHP systems programmed in the numerical tool TRNSYS where a numerical platform has been developed. This platform integrates mainly energy storage systems models, stochastic energy needs file generators and innovative management strategy of systems and energy loads according to precision and realism criteria.This platform allows assessing realistic energy, environmental and economic relevance of µCHP systems coupled with dwelling buildings and the power grid according to different configurations.
23

Zvýšení podílu výroby elektrické energie na BPS pomocí ORC cyklu / Increasing of electricity production in BGS using ORC cycle

Beck, Michal January 2012 (has links)
Objective of this Master’s thesis is to make search about generation and use biogas, with focus on cogeneration and to make search about possibilities of increasing the share of production of electricity by cogeneration from biogas. This final work has also the task to summarize possibilities of increasing the share with ORC cycle and to evaluate pros and cons of this use. Main part of this work is dealing with own design of increasing production of electricity with cogeneration from biogas in biogas station with ORC cycle and comparing this modification with steam engine.
24

Étude expérimentale d'une installation de micro-cogénération solaire couplant un concentrateur cylindro-parabolique et un moteur à cycle de Hirn / Experimental study of a micro combined solar heat and power unit composed of a solar parabolic trough collector coupled to a Hirn cycle engine

Bouvier, Jean-Louis 02 December 2014 (has links)
L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier expérimentalement les performances énergétiques d'une installation de micro-cogénération solaire. Le prototype réalisé est constitué d'un concentrateur cylindro-parabolique associé à un moteur à vapeur fonctionnant suivant un cycle de Hirn (Rankine avec surchauffe). Les originalités de ce projet sont l’utilisation de l’énergie solaire, renouvelable et inépuisable mais intermittente, la génération directe de vapeur au sein d'un concentrateur de taille réduite (46,5 m²), le système de suivi solaire sur deux axes et le couplage à un moteur à piston non lubrifié. La première partie de l'étude porte sur le concentrateur seul. Son fonctionnement est étudié sur deux journées types (ensoleillée et nuageuse) et son rendement thermique est évalué. La dynamique du système est également abordée notamment par l'étude de sa réponse à des perturbations. Une régulation de type boucle ouverte a été mise en place et validée. La seconde partie concerne la caractérisation du moteur seul. Des essais ont été menés avec une puissance de source chaude stable puis variable. À partir des résultats obtenus, un modèle empirique est développé, puis exploité dans le cadre d'une étude paramétrique du moteur. Cette étude montre l'influence importante du ratio de pression et de la vitesse de rotation sur le rendement. Dans la dernière partie, les performances globales (rendement, puissances électrique et thermique produites) du micro-cogénérateur sont évaluées. Des essais à pression et à vitesse régulées sont présentés. A partir de cartographies de fonctionnement réalisées à l’aide d’un modèle empirique, une régulation basée sur l'utilisation d'un by-pass est alors mise en place, puis testée. / The objective of this thesis is the experimental study of the energy performances of a micro combined solar heat and power (micro-CHP) unit. The prototype is composed of a solar parabolic trough collector coupled to a Hirn (superheated Rankine) cycle engine. The originalities of this project are the use of solar energy which is renewable and inexhaustible but intermittent, the direct steam generation with a reduced size parabolic trough collector (46.5 m²), the two axis tracking system and the coupling with an oil-free reciprocating steam engine. The first part of this study is focussed on the solar collector. Thermal performances under sunny and cloudy conditions are presented and the thermal efficiency is evaluated. The system dynamic is also investigated through the characterization of the inertia as well as a study of its response to perturbations. Then a control strategy is set up and validated. The second part deals with the characterization of the engine. Tests have been performed with a stable and variable heat source power. From these tests, an empirical model has been developed and used in a parametrical study. This study shows the significant influence of the pressure ratio and of the rotational speed on the efficiency of the engine. In the last part, global performances (efficiency, output thermal and electrical powers) of the entire micro-CHP unit are evaluated. Tests with controlled pressure and speed are presented. From operating maps established from an empirical model, a control strategy based on the use of a by-pass is set up and tested.
25

Additives in a steam engine to decrease friction : Friction testing of solid lubricants in powder form / Tillsatser i en ångmotor för att minska friktion : Friktionstester av fasta smörjmedel i pulverform

Lange, Viktor January 2023 (has links)
This thesis aims to investigate the coefficient of friction between steel on steel contacts with the addition of solid lubricants such as h-BN, WS2, MoS2 in powder form, in dry conditions and wet conditions. More specifically, the purpose is to enhance the sliding between the piston rings and cylinder block in a modern high temperature steam engine developed by RANOTOR. The friction test was carried out as a linear sliding test with determined loads and sliding speed. Hertzian contact theory was deployed to calculate contact pressure and shear stresses to make sure the contact was elastic, alternatively plastic. It was found that WS2 and  MoS2 lowered the coefficient of friction quite heavily in dry conditions, acting as a thin protective-lubricating film. h-BN performed rather poorly, increasing the coefficient of friction. In a water slurry, none of the powders managed to decrease the COF due to the particles not interacting with the surfaces.The solid lubricants tested should be further tested as coatings since they acted like it in dry conditions. / Denna rapport syftar till att undersöka friktionskoefficienten i stålkontakter med tillsats av fasta smörjmedel som  h-BN, WS2, MoS2 i pulverform, under torra och våta förhållanden. Mer specifikt är syftet att förbättra glidningen mellan kolvringarna och insidan av cylindern i en modern högtemperatur-ångmotor utvecklad av RANOTOR. Friktionstestet genomfördes som ett linjärt glidtest med bestämda belastningar och glidhastighet. Hertzian-kontaktteorin användes för att beräkna kontakttryck och skjuvspänningar för att säkerställa att kontakten var elastisk alternativt plastisk. Det visade sig att WS2och MoS2 kraftigt sänkte friktionskoefficienten under torra förhållanden genom att agera som en tunn skyddande-smörjfilm. h-BN presterade dåligt och ökade friktionskoefficienten. I vattenblandning lyckades inget av pulverna minska friktionskoefficienten eftersom partiklarna inte interagerade med ytorna. De testade fasta smörjmedlen bör vidare testas som beläggningar eftersom de fungerade som dessa under torra förhållanden.
26

Material analysis for a rotating inlet valve : Sliding contact in an oil-free super-critical steam environment / Materialanalys för en roterande inloppsventil : Glidande kontakt i en oljefri superkritisk ångmiljö

Samuelsson, Johan January 2022 (has links)
In this thesis, the aim is to study possible tribo-materials for a rotating inlet valve and to find a suitable material combination for the contact. The valve is part of a modern oil-free and high temperature steam engine. Systematic material selection together with tribological tests and wear analyses are performed. The metals Nitronic 60 and Stellite 6B are tested as self-mated metals, and run against graphite. None of these combinations are found suitable. However, the tests show carbon-based materials to be promising. After further study another carbon-based material, antimony impregnated mechanical carbon is selected as valve seat. For the mating part valve distributor, the material ZrO2-MgO is selected. This tribo-pair has shown friction and wear in the same interval as oil-lubrication. The friction and wear are 50% respectively 10% of the second best tribo-pair found in this thesis. The valve seat material is realizable if supported by a valve block of a Ni-resist cast iron with thermal expansion similar to the valve seat. Lastly a redesign of the valve distributor is suggested to comply with ceramic design guidelines. / Målet med denna rapport är att studera möjliga tribo-material för en roterande inloppsventil och att hitta en lämplig materialkombination för kontakten. Ventilen är en del av en modern oljefri och högtempererad ångmotor. Ett systematiskt materialval tillsammans med tribologiska tester och nötningsanalyser utförs. Metallerna Nitronic 60 och Stellite 6B testas dels mot sig själva, och dels mot grafit. Ingen av dessa kombinationer finns lämplig. Testerna visar dock att kolbaserade material är lovande och eftervidare studier är ett annat kolbaserat material, antimonimpregnerat mekaniskt kol, väljs till ventilsätet. Till motytan till ventilsätet, ventilfördelaren, väljs materialet ZrO2-MgO. Detta tribo-par har visat friktion och nötning i samma intervall som oljesmörjning. Friktionen och nötningen är 50 % respektive 10 % av det näst bästa tribo-paret som hittats i denna avhandling. Ventilsätets material är realiserbart om det stöttas i ett ventilblock av ett ”Ni-resist” gjutjärn med en värmeexpansion som liknar ventilsätets. Slutligen föreslås en omkonstruktion av ventilfördelaren för att uppfylla riktlinjerna för keramisk konstruktion.

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