Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Atualmente, as tendências competitivas do mercado mundial, têm forçado os engenheiros estruturais a desenvolver soluções de projeto que acarretem em menor peso e custo de execução. Uma consequência direta desta nova tendência de projeto é o aumento considerável de problemas relacionados a vibrações de piso indesejadas. Por esta razão, os sistemas estruturais de pisos podem tornar-se vulneráveis a vibrações excessivas, como por exemplo, aquelas induzidas por equipamentos mecânicos (máquinas rotativas). Deste modo, este trabalho objetiva investigar o comportamento dinâmico de uma plataforma de aço para produção de petróleo, localizada na bacia de Santos (campo de Merluza), São Paulo, Brasil. Para tal, investiga-se a influência das ações dinâmicas oriundas dos equipamentos mecânicos localizados sobre os decks metálicos da plataforma. A resposta dinâmica do modelo estrutural foi determinada através de um extenso estudo numérico, a partir da análise de suas frequências naturais, deslocamentos, velocidades e acelerações de pico. Nesta investigação, as cargas dinâmicas provenientes dos equipamentos mecânicos (máquinas rotativas) foram aplicadas sobre o piso metálico do sistema estrutural. Com base obtenção da resposta dinâmica da estrutura (deslocamentos, velocidades e acelerações), foi possível avaliar a performance do modelo estrutural em termos de critérios de conforto humano e das tolerâncias máximas referentes aos equipamentos mecânicos, de acordo com normas e recomendações de projeto. / Nowadays, the competitive trends of the world market have long been forcing structural engineers to develop minimum weight and labor cost solutions. A direct consequence of this new design trend is a considerable increase in problems related to unwanted floor vibrations. For this reason, the structural floors systems can become vulnerable to excessive vibrations, for example, produced by impacts such as mechanical equipments (rotating machinery). This way, the present paper investigated the dynamic behavior of a production platform made of steel and located in Santos bay (Merluza field), São Paulo, Brazil. Mechanical equipments were located on the steel decks of the structural model, related to electrical generators. This way, this research investigates the influence of the dynamic actions induced by mechanical equipments located on the steel floor of the platform. The dynamic response of the structural model was determined through an extensive numerical study, from the analysis of its natural frequencies, displacements, velocities and peak accelerations. In this study, the dynamic loads induced by the mechanical equipments (rotating machinery) were applied on the steel floor of the structural system. Based on the structural dynamic responses (displacements, velocities and accelerations) obtained, it was possible to evaluate the performance of the structural model in terms of the human comfort criteria and maxim tolerances related to the mechanical equipments, according to the design.

Uma ligação em estruturas de aço é denominada mista quando considera-se a contribuição da laje no seu comportamento. Assim, além do detalhe da ligação em aço, outros parâmetros interferem no comportamento da ligação mista, como a taxa de armadura e o nível de interação entre a laje e a viga de aço. Os métodos de cálculo de ligações mistas derivam do Método dos Componentes proposto pelo Eurocode 3 para cálculo de ligações em aço. Apresenta-se uma adaptação de um destes métodos para cálculo de ligações mistas que representam a realidade brasileira em termos de perfis e detalhes de ligação. Foi elaborado um programa experimental de caráter exploratório envolvendo ligações mistas com chapa de topo estendida. Foram ensaiados modelos simulando pilares internos e pilares de canto. Um modelo numérico foi desenvolvido utilizando o programa Ansys, que permite a análise destas ligações de maneira simples e satisfatória. Os resultados experimentais foram confrontados com os resultados da análise numérica e com os valores obtidos a partir do modelo analítico. / A composite joint is a joint between a composite beam and a steel or composite column in which reinforced concrete slab is take into account. The moment-rotation relationship of composite joints depends on a significant number of parameters besides the type and configuration of the steel connection, as for example: the amount of steel reinforcement of the slab and the degree of interaction between the slab and the steel beam section. Based on the Eurocode 3 method for bare steel connection (Components Method), some methods have been developed for prediction the moment capacities of composite connections. I this work, an adaptation of one of these methods has been developed in which steel sections and connections details common in Brazil are considered. A short experimental program was planed in order to understand the composite behaviour of extended end-plate composite beam-column connection. The test specimens were configured as cruciform type and cantilever type. Finally, a Finite Element model was built in Ansys software. The numerical modeling was found to have good approach with experimental results. Some analyses are done involving experimental, numerical and analytical results.

Uma ligação em estruturas de aço é denominada mista quando considera-se a contribuição da laje no seu comportamento. Assim, além do detalhe da ligação em aço, outros parâmetros interferem no comportamento da ligação mista, como a taxa de armadura e o nível de interação entre a laje e a viga de aço. Os métodos de cálculo de ligações mistas derivam do Método dos Componentes proposto pelo Eurocode 3 para cálculo de ligações em aço. Apresenta-se uma adaptação de um destes métodos para cálculo de ligações mistas que representam a realidade brasileira em termos de perfis e detalhes de ligação. Foi elaborado um programa experimental de caráter exploratório envolvendo ligações mistas com chapa de topo estendida. Foram ensaiados modelos simulando pilares internos e pilares de canto. Um modelo numérico foi desenvolvido utilizando o programa Ansys, que permite a análise destas ligações de maneira simples e satisfatória. Os resultados experimentais foram confrontados com os resultados da análise numérica e com os valores obtidos a partir do modelo analítico. / A composite joint is a joint between a composite beam and a steel or composite column in which reinforced concrete slab is take into account. The moment-rotation relationship of composite joints depends on a significant number of parameters besides the type and configuration of the steel connection, as for example: the amount of steel reinforcement of the slab and the degree of interaction between the slab and the steel beam section. Based on the Eurocode 3 method for bare steel connection (Components Method), some methods have been developed for prediction the moment capacities of composite connections. I this work, an adaptation of one of these methods has been developed in which steel sections and connections details common in Brazil are considered. A short experimental program was planed in order to understand the composite behaviour of extended end-plate composite beam-column connection. The test specimens were configured as cruciform type and cantilever type. Finally, a Finite Element model was built in Ansys software. The numerical modeling was found to have good approach with experimental results. Some analyses are done involving experimental, numerical and analytical results.

A cantoneira de abas iguais é encontrada laminada ou formada a frio. Quando laminada, normalmente possui abas compactas, isto é, se submetida à compressão, não apresenta instabilidade local e, para a faixa usual de comprimentos, não apresenta também o modo global de flexo-torção como dominante. Quando formada a frio, estes modos predominam, uma vez que a relação largura-espessura torna-se elevada. A elevada esbeltez das abas, juntamente com as peculiaridades do seu comportamento mecânico, pode conduzir a significativas divergências entre a força axial resistente (experimental) quando comparada aos valores oriundos dos procedimentos de cálculo apresentados pelas normas. As divergências são ainda maiores quando se considera a cantoneira em sua situação mais usual: sob compressão excêntrica devido à ligação parafusada ou soldada em uma das abas. No presente trabalho foi analisado o comportamento mecânico das cantoneiras formadas a frio e conectadas pela aba por dois parafusos e desenvolvida uma formulação baseada no método do comprimento de flambagem equivalente, bem como identificados seus modos de instabilidade e a respectiva participação modal para diversas faixas de esbeltez. Para validar esta formulação, foi realizada uma análise de confiabilidade que resultou em índices de confiabilidade (β) de acordo com as exigências normativas. / The equal-leg angle is found hot-rolled or cold-formed. When hot-rolled, it usually has compact legs, that is, if subjected to compression it does not present local buckling and it does not present a global flexo-torsion buckling mode as dominant for the usual range of lengths. When cold-formed, these modes predominate, since the width-to-thickness ratio becomes high. The high slenderness of the legs, together with the peculiarities of its mechanical behavior, can lead to significant divergences between the axial strength (experimental) and the values from standard\'s procedures. The divergences are even greater when considering the angle in its most usual loading situation: under eccentric compression due to bolted or welded connection in one leg. In the present work the mechanical behavior of the cold-formed angles connected by the leg by two bolts was analyzed in order to propose a formulation based on the equivalent buckling length method, as well as, to define its buckling modes and the respective modal participation for different slenderness ranges. To validate this formulation, a reliability analysis was performed that resulted in reliability indexes (β) according to the design standards requirements.

Na Dissertação de Mestrado foi realizado um estudo sobre o comportamento de vigas mistas de aço e concreto biapoiadas sob iteração completa, compostas por perfis classificados como compactos em situação de incêndio. Apesar de ditas biapoiadas, a ideia principal da Dissertação é considerar, na análise em situação de incêndio, a reserva de capacidade existente nas extremidades dessas vigas, usualmente desprezada no dimensionamento à temperatura ambiente, provinda da continuidade da armadura longitudinal negativa presente na laje de concreto, sendo possível dispensar o revestimento contra fogo nesses elementos. Serão abordados, de início, os métodos de dimensionamento ao Estado-Limite Último de vigas mistas à temperatura ambiente, a fim de explicar o comportamento estrutural desse tipo de elemento, dando base para a posterior análise térmica. A análise térmica foi realizada, em uma primeira etapa, por métodos simplificados segundo normas vigentes e tomando hipóteses simplificadoras em que se desprezam esforços indiretos provocados pela dilatação térmica e gradiente térmico, sendo possível aplicar os conceitos no dia a dia de projeto. Numa segunda etapa foi realizada análise termestrutural com modelos numéricos para estudar o comportamento e colapso da viga, sendo os resultados suficientes para validar os valores de TRF encontrados por análise simplificada seguindo métodos normativos. Como conclusão, o ganho de capacidade estrutural da viga, proporcionado pela adoção da ligação mista no apoio, foi suficiente para situações de TRRFs entre 15 min e 21 min, no caso de perfis mais leves, com geometria própria para serem utilizados como vigas de piso de edifícios. Análises mostraram que não é possível justificar a ausência de revestimento contra incêndio para TRRFs de 30 min ou superiores. Tempos inferiores podem ser adotados de acordo com o denominado método do tempo equivalente, limitado a 15 min e são mais usuais para edificações de pequeno porte. / A study will be carried out on the behavior of simply supported, full interaction composite steel and concrete beams composed by compact profiles in fire situation. Despite being designed as simply supported, the main idea is to consider, in the fire situation analysis, the moment resistance capacity reserve on the beam supports, usually neglected during room temperature design, due to the upper longitudinal reinforcement present in the concrete slab, being possible to dispense fireproof coating in these elements. First, room temperature design procedures of composite beams will be approached in order to explain the structural behavior of this type of elements, providing a basis for subsequent thermal analysis. The thermal analysis will be carried out, in a first stage, by simplified methods according to design procedures and adopting simplifying hypotheses in which indirect stresses caused by thermal expansion and thermal gradient are neglected, being possible to apply those concepts in structural design offices. In a second step, thermal stress analyses were performed with aid of numerical models to study the structural behavior and collapse time of the beam. The results were sufficient to validate the fire resistance time values found by the simplified analysis following design methods. As a conclusion, the structural capacity increase of the beam, provided by the adoption of the composite connection at the support in case of lighter steel profiles usually chosen to be used as buildings floor beams, was sufficient for situations of standard fire resistance requirements between 15 min and 21 min. Analyzes have shown that it is not possible to justify the absence of fire resistant coating for standard fire resistance requirements of 30 min or higher. Lower times can be adopted according to the so-called equivalent time method, limited to 15 min, which are more common for small buildings.

Abstract not available

Abstract not available

Although branch plate connections with circular hollow section (CHS) members are simple to fabricate and cost-effective, they are generally very flexible under low load application resulting in the limit states design resistance being governed by an imposed deformation limit. Restricting the ultimate capacity of a branch plate connection by a deformation limit results in the inherent strength of the CHS member being under-utilized, highlighting the need to develop connection stiffening methods. Two methods to stiffen branch plate-to-CHS connections are examined: a through plate connection and a grout-filled CHS branch plate connection. Further, the current design guidelines of various plate-to-CHS connection types are reexamined including the effect of chord axial stress and chord length on connection behaviour. Finally, the behaviour of connections with non-orthogonal or skew plate orientation, which has not previously been examined, was studied in depth.The behaviour of these uniplanar connection types under quasi-static axial loading was studied through 16 large-scale laboratory experiments and 682 numerical finite element analyses, as well as an extensive review of all previous international experimental and numerical findings. The extensive study formed the basis for a complete set of proposed design guidelines and provided insight into plate-to-CHS connection behaviour. For all plate-to-CHS connection types, the plate thickness is shown to effect connection capacity, though previously this was thought not to have significant impact on connection behaviour. The existing ideology of using the same design recommendations for tension- and compression-loaded connections, which was developed from compression results, under-utilizes an inherent increase in capacity provided by a connection primarily loaded in tension. As such, the recommended design guidelines split the two load senses into separate expressions that reflect the difference in behaviour. Stiffened through plate connection behaviour was determined to be the summation of branch plate behaviour in compression and tension, leading to a significant increase in capacity and identical behaviour regardless of branch load sense. The skewed branch plate connection behaviour was found to relate directly to the established behaviour of longitudinal and transverse plate connections. A design function was developed that interpolates the capacities of intermediate angles by using the proposed design recommendations of the two extreme connection types. Finally, the examination of chord axial stress and chord length for plate-to-CHS connections yielded results similar to previous international studies on CHS-to-CHS connections. The effect of chord length, however, has wide-reaching implications as to how experimental and numerical FE research programs are developed.

Although branch plate connections with circular hollow section (CHS) members are simple to fabricate and cost-effective, they are generally very flexible under low load application resulting in the limit states design resistance being governed by an imposed deformation limit. Restricting the ultimate capacity of a branch plate connection by a deformation limit results in the inherent strength of the CHS member being under-utilized, highlighting the need to develop connection stiffening methods. Two methods to stiffen branch plate-to-CHS connections are examined: a through plate connection and a grout-filled CHS branch plate connection. Further, the current design guidelines of various plate-to-CHS connection types are reexamined including the effect of chord axial stress and chord length on connection behaviour. Finally, the behaviour of connections with non-orthogonal or skew plate orientation, which has not previously been examined, was studied in depth.The behaviour of these uniplanar connection types under quasi-static axial loading was studied through 16 large-scale laboratory experiments and 682 numerical finite element analyses, as well as an extensive review of all previous international experimental and numerical findings. The extensive study formed the basis for a complete set of proposed design guidelines and provided insight into plate-to-CHS connection behaviour. For all plate-to-CHS connection types, the plate thickness is shown to effect connection capacity, though previously this was thought not to have significant impact on connection behaviour. The existing ideology of using the same design recommendations for tension- and compression-loaded connections, which was developed from compression results, under-utilizes an inherent increase in capacity provided by a connection primarily loaded in tension. As such, the recommended design guidelines split the two load senses into separate expressions that reflect the difference in behaviour. Stiffened through plate connection behaviour was determined to be the summation of branch plate behaviour in compression and tension, leading to a significant increase in capacity and identical behaviour regardless of branch load sense. The skewed branch plate connection behaviour was found to relate directly to the established behaviour of longitudinal and transverse plate connections. A design function was developed that interpolates the capacities of intermediate angles by using the proposed design recommendations of the two extreme connection types. Finally, the examination of chord axial stress and chord length for plate-to-CHS connections yielded results similar to previous international studies on CHS-to-CHS connections. The effect of chord length, however, has wide-reaching implications as to how experimental and numerical FE research programs are developed.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2002. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 198-201). Also available on the Internet.