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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Influência da adição do nióbio no comportamento mecânico e microestrutural do aço SAE 6150 / Influence of niobium addition in the mechanical and microestructural behavior of SAE 6150 steel

Soldatti, Heitor Barbosa [UNESP] 17 April 2015 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-17T15:26:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-17. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-09-17T15:46:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000848006.pdf: 16886943 bytes, checksum: eace8f6fed8da2ac19cee3c2a9e8b3d2 (MD5) / Atualmente a indústria automotiva vem buscando soluções no sentido de desenvolver aços com maiores resistências mecânicas, proporcionando a redução de peso dos componentes. Tendo em vista a obtenção de melhores combinações resitência-peso, existe uma tendência de utilização de elementos microligantes como V, Nb, Al e Ti, que são adicionados no processo produtivo do aço, melhorando suas propriedades mecânicas. A utilização do nióbio em aços com baixo teor de carbono e seus efeitos tem sido amplamente pesquisada por vários anos, assim como a contribuição desta adição no refino de grão e aumento de resistência. No entanto várias pesquisas ainda são necessárias para estabelecer a influência da adição de nióbio em aços de médio e alto carbono. No presente trabalho, o principal objetivo é avaliar a influência da adição de nióbio no aço SAE 6150, verificando possíveis alterações de comportamento mecânico e microestrutural. Os aços foram fornecidos em duas composições químicas (com e sem nióbio) pela empresa Gerdau Aços Especiais. De posse das barras laminadas, foram feitos os tratamentos térmicos de normalização, têmpera e revenimento. Após os tratamentos térmicos, foram avaliados os comportamento mecânicos e microestruturais dos aços. Para a caracterização do material foram realizadas análises metalográficas, ensaios de tração, impacto, dureza e tenacidade à fratura. Os ensaios foram realizados de acordo com as normas da ASTM, no Departamento de Materiais e Tecnologia da FEG. Os resultados mostraram que o aço SAE 6150 com adição de nióbio apresentou melhores propriedades mecânicas e uma microestrutura mais refinada. O aço com adição de nióbio apresentou valores de resistência tração superiores. Com o aumento da resistência a tração o comportamento esperado para o aço com nióbio ...( Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Currently the automotive industry has been seeking solutions for develop steels with higher mechanical strengths, providing weight reduction of the components. In order to obtain better resistance-weight combinations there is a tendency to use micro-alloying elements such as V, Nb, Al and Ti, which are added in the steel production process, improving the mechanical properties. The use of niobium in steels with low carbon content and its effects has been widely studied for several years, as well as the contribution of this addition in refining grain and increased resistance. However, several researches are needed to establish the influence of the addition of niobium in medium and high carbon steels. In this study, the main objective is to evaluate the influence of the addition of niobium in SAE 6150 steel, for possible changes of mechanical and microstructural behavior. The steel was provided in two chemical compositions (with and without niobium) by Gerdau Special Steel Company. After the acquisition of rolled bars the following heat treatment were made, normalization, quench and temper. After heat treatments the mechanical and microestructural behavior of steels were evaluated. In the material characterization were made metallographic analysis, tensile, impact, hardness, and fatigue and fracture toughness. Tests were performed in accordance with ASTM standards in the Department of Materials and Technology of FEG.The results showed that SAE 6150 steel with addition of niobium showed better mechanical properties and a more refined microstructure. The steel with added niobium showed superior values of tensile strength. The increase of tensile strength the expected behavior for the steel with niobium was to decrease the fracture toughness, but the steel with niobium showed greater values for fracture toughness comparing the steel without niobium ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
22

Analise numerica e experimental do cravamento de componentes mecanicos tubulares em haste com ponta esferica / Numerical and experimental analysis of tubular metallic parts indented with spherical punchs

Soffiati, João Emanuel 23 November 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Sergio Tonini Button / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T22:04:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Soffiati_JoaoEmanuel_M.pdf: 11880628 bytes, checksum: 29a510c6bed00d4a1a53fe4897d4cc0f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Cravamento é um processo de conformação de metais a frio que apresenta baixo custo na utilização de fixação de componentes tubulares. O tipo de cravamento estudado é aplicado em projetos de componentes que necessitem transmitir movimento de rotação, similar às articulações de pedais de freios automotivos. Se a folga da articulação, neste caso, for menor que 0,02mm causará restrições no movimento da articulação, podendo não fechar a válvula de vácuo do sistema de frenagem causando a diminuição da eficiência, em contra partida, se a folga for maior que 0,15mm o acionamento do freio poderá apresentar ruídos. Outro problema é a presença de trincas passantes geradas pela escolha de parâmetros de processos inadequados no cravamento. Usualmente estes parâmetros não são especificados no projeto do sistema de frenagem, causando alta variabilidade no processo de manufatura. Este trabalho apresenta a análise de cravamento considerando seis fatores que foram escolhidos para iniciar a análise: geometria do punção, rugosidade do punção, diâmetro da ponta da haste a ser cravada, espessura da parede do componente tubular, profundidade da indentação e folga entre esfera e diâmetro do tubo para indentação. O processo de manufatura foi simulado experimentalmente através de um dispositivo especialmente projetado e montado para este trabalho e comparado com os resultados obtidos com o software MSC Superforge 2005 / Abstract: Crimping is a cold metal forming process that presents low costs for use in holding tubular components. The type of crimping analyzed is used in projects of components that transmit rotating motion, such as joining systems of brake pedals. If the joining clearance, in this case, is less than 0,02mm the brake movement will be restrained and may not close the vacuum valve of the break system what could cause reduction of efficiency; however, if that clearance is greater than 0,15mm may cause excessive noisy. Another problem is the presence of cracks or fissures generated by the choice of inappropriate process parameters. These parameters are not usually specified in the product design leading to high process variability. This work presents six factors that were chosen to start the analysis: punch geometry, roughness of the punch, diameter of the rod end, thickness of the tubular component, indentation depth, and position of indentation load. The crimping manufacturing process was simulated experimentally through the fixture specially projected and built to this work and compared with the results obtained with the software MSC Superforge 2005 / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
23

Proposta de um novo ensaio para avaliar a susceptibilidade de metais de solda ao fenomeno de trincas induzidas pelo hidrogenio em diferentes ambientes / Proposal of a new test to evaluate the susceptibility of wel metals to the hydrogen induced

Silva, Jose Hilton Ferreira da 24 February 2005 (has links)
Orientador: Roseana da Exaltação Trevisan / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T08:55:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_JoseHiltonFerreirada_D.pdf: 14751352 bytes, checksum: 7fbb40ac7c73c18bb5c602fe3a79f20d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal propor um novo ensaio para avaliar a susceptibilidade de metais de solda ao fenômeno de trincas induzidas pelo hidrogênio em diferentes ambientes. O novo ensaio é composto de duas propostas: a primeira consiste em viabilizar a aplicação do teste G-BOP (Gapped Bead-On-Plate) em chapas finas: a espessura do corpo de prova (50,8mm) é obtida através da montagem de blocos conjugados com chapas finas do aço avaliado como metal de base e chapas de aço ABNT 1020; a segunda proposta baseia-se numa metodologia para realizar os ensaios do teste G-BOP em um ambiente saturado com H2S. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho foi usado o processo de soldagem a arco com eletrodo tubular (FCAW). Os parâmetros de controle utilizados foram a energia nominal de soldagem e a constante de deposição. O desenvolvimento experimental foi realizado de forma totalmente aleatória, com o auxílio de um procedimento conhecido como planejamento fatorial (PF); foram utilizadas como variáveis de influência o tipo de arame tubular, a temperatura de preaquecimento e o ambiente de ensaio. Como variável de resposta foi avaliado o percentual de trincas de hidrogênio (TH)presente no metal de solda do aço API X80. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e validados para uma confiança de 90%. Os resultados de trincas de hidrogênio foram discutidos em função da composição química, microestrutura, modos de fraturas e hidrogênio residual do metal de solda. Concluiu-se que a nova proposta de teste G-BOP modificado foi eficaz na avaliação da sensibilidade dos metais de solda ao trincamento induzido pelo hidrogênio; a exposição ao H2S fragilizou os metais de solda executados à temperatura ambiente e aumentou a susceptibilidade dos arames tubulares às trincas de hidrogênio. Ainda como resultados deste trabalho pode-se concluir que o preaquecimento do aço API X80 evitou o trincamento do metal de solda e que os arames tubulares mostraram-se susceptíveis ao trincamento por hidrogênio quando soldados à temperatura ambiente / Abstract: The main objective ofthis work is to propose a new test to evaluate the susceptibility of weld metaIs to the phenomenon ofhydrogen induced cracking in different environrnents. The new test is a combination oftwo procedures: the first is to make possible the application of GBOP (Gapped Bead-on-Plate) test on steel sheets. The thickness ofthe workpiece (2 inches) is gotten through the sandwich assembly with steel sheets of the evaluated steel as weld metal and ABNT 1020 steel; the second is to carry out the G-BOP tests in a H2Ssaturated environrnent. The tests were perfonned with the Flux Cored Arc Welding process (FCAW). Welding energy and the deposition were kept constant during the tests. The experimental were carried out with a random factorial designoThe input variables were cored wire kind, preheat temperature and environrnent testoThe hydrogen cracking percentage in weld metal of API X80 steel was the output variable. Results were submitted to a variance analysis and a 90% confidence interval was utilized. The results of cold cracking were discussed in function ofthe chemical composition, microstructure, fracture mode and trapped hydrogen in weld metal. It can be concludedthat the new modified GBOP test proposed was powerful in the evaluation of the sensitivity ofweld metaIs to the hydrogen induced cracking; the H2S rich environrnent brittled the weld metal executed at room temperature and increased the susceptibility ofthe cored wires to hydrogen induced cracking. Furthermore, the preheat temperature of API X80 steel avoided the cold cracking in weld metal and, the cored wires showed susceptibility to hydrogen cracking when welded at room temperature / Doutorado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Doutor em Engenharia Mecânica
24

Influence Of Martensite Content On Fatigue Crack Growth Behaviour And Fracture Toughness Of A High Martensite Dual Phase Steel

Sudhakar, K V 05 1900 (has links) (PDF)
No description available.
25

Analysis of Bolted Top and Seat Angle Connection Failure Modes & Fracture Prediction

Hahnel, Christopher January 2015 (has links)
No description available.
26

Fragilização por hidrogênio nos aços AISI 4340 (AMS 6414K e AMS 6415S) temperados e revenidos / Hydrogen embrittlement in AISI 4340 steel (AMS 6414K and AMS 6415S) quenched and tempered

Carvalho, Ícaro Zanetti de 20 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Célia Marina de Alvarenga Freire, Itamar Ferreira / Dissertação (mestrado - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T02:38:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_IcaroZanettide_M.pdf: 13083038 bytes, checksum: c152edb400a89f8aecfa16c8073e6488 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O fenômeno da fragilização por hidrogênio no aço AISI 4340 foi investigado devido ao fato do mesmo ser um aço baixa liga de alta resistência bastante suscetível a este fenômeno. A análise foi feita por meio do ensaio de tenacidade à fratura por flexão baseado na norma ASTM E 399 - 09. A matéria prima utilizada foi fabricada segundo dois diferentes processos, sendo o primeiro pelo método convencional de fundição e o segundo pelo processo VAR (vacuum arc refining) de maneira a se obter uma liga com menores quantidades de impurezas. Corpos-de-prova foram retirados da posição L-C das ligas, temperados a 845 oC e revenidos a 3 diferentes temperaturas (350 oC, 400 oC e 500 oC). O carregamento de hidrogênio foi feito por meio de uma célula eletroquímica, onde os corpos-de-prova foram imersos numa solução de H2SO4 0,01 M com aplicação de uma densidade de corrente de 10 mA/cm2 e dois diferentes tempos de hidrogenação, de maneira a se obter dois níveis de contaminação. Após os ensaios, foram feitas fractografias dos corpos-de-prova ensaiados para cada condição de revenimento e contaminação por hidrogênio, sendo observadas as alterações nos micromecanismos de fratura para as diferentes condições. Os resultados obtidos no ensaio de tenacidade à fratura por flexão foram correlacionados ao micromecanismo de fratura em função da dureza e contaminação por hidrogênio. O aço AISI 4340 convencional nas condições de revenimento de 400 oC e 350 oC mostrou-se bastante susceptível à fragilização por hidrogênio, apresentando reduções da ordem de 10% e 20%, respectivamente, nos valores de tenacidade à fratura de corpos-de-prova contaminados. O mesmo não foi observado no aço AISI 4340 convencional temperado e revenido a 500 oC, que não sofreu fragilização devido à sua baixa dureza. O aço AISI 4340 VAR em todas as condições de revenimento apresentou-se muito menos susceptível ao fenômeno, não sendo evidenciadas variações expressivas nas tenacidades à fratura dos corpos-de-prova contaminados e nas superfícies de fratura resultantes / Abstract: The phenomenon of hydrogen embrittlement in AISI 4340 steel was investigated due to the fact that it is a high strength low alloy steel quite susceptible to this phenomenon. The analysis was done through the fracture toughness test by bending based on ASTM E 399-09. The material used was manufactured according two different processes, the first by conventional casting process and the second by VAR (vacuum arc refining) process in order to obtain an alloy with minor amounts of impurities. Specimens were removed from the position L-C of the alloy, quenched at 845 oC and tempered at 3 different temperatures (350 oC, 400 oC and 500 oC). The hydrogen loading was made by means of an electrochemical cell where the specimens were immersed in a solution of 0.01 M H2SO4 by applying a current density of 10 mA/cm2 and two different hydrogenation times, in order to obtain two levels of contamination. After the tests were performed fractographies of specimens tested for each condition of temper and contamination by hydrogen, with observed changes in the micromechanisms of fracture for the different conditions. The test results of fracture toughness by bending were correlated with the micromechanisms of fracture, the microstructure and hydrogen contamination. The conventional AISI 4340 steel under conditions of tempering of 400 °C and 350 °C proved to be very susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement, with reductions of 10% and 20%, respectively, on the values of fracture toughness of contaminated specimens. The same was not observed in conventional AISI 4340 quenched and tempered at 500 °C, which did not presented embrittlement due to its low hardness. The AISI 4340 VAR steel in all conditions of temper proved to be much less susceptible to the phenomenon, not showing significant variations in fracture toughness of the contaminated specimens and the resulting fracture surfaces / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
27

The effects of hydrogen on the fracture behavior of welded carbon steel plate

Watson, Thomas January 1983 (has links)
M. S.
28

A phenomenological and mechanistic study of fatigue under complex loading histories

Wong, Yat Khin January 2003 (has links)
[Truncated abstract. Please see pdf format for complete text.] Over the years much work has been done on studying sequence effects under multilevel loading. Yet, the underlying fatigue mechanisms responsible for such interactions are not fully understood. The study of fatigue under complex loading histories begins by investigating strain interaction effects arising from simple 2-step loading sequences. Fatigue for all investigations were conducted under uniaxial push-pull mode in strain-control. Fatigue is traditionally classified as either low or high cycle fatigue (LCF and HCF respectively). The boundary for LCF and HCF is not well-defined even though the fatigue life of LCF is typically dominated by crack “initiation”, while for HCF, fatigue life is usually dominated by stable crack growth. The terms LCF and HCF, apart from referring to the low and high number of fatigue cycles required for failure, also bear little physical meaning in terms of describing the state of fatigue imposed. As a result, conventional definitions of the two distinct regimes of fatigue are challenged and a new method of classifying the boundary between the two regimes of fatigue is proposed. New definitions are proposed and the terms plastically dominant fatigue (PDF) and elastically dominant fatigue (EDF) are introduced as suitable replacements for LCF and HCF respectively. PDF refers to the condition of a material undergoing significant reverse plasticity during cyclic loading, while for EDF, minimal reverse plasticity is experienced. Systematic testing of three materials, 316 L stainless steel, 6061-T6 aluminium alloy and 4340 high strength steel, was performed to fully investigate the cycle ratio trends and “damage” accumulation behaviour which resulted from a variety of loading conditions. Results from this study were carried over to investigate more complex multilevel loading sequences and possible mechanisms for interaction effects observed both under 2-step and multi-step sequences were proposed. Results showed that atypical cycle ratio trends could result from loading sequences which involve combinations of strain amplitudes from different fatigue regimes (i.e. PDF or EDF). Mean strain effects on fatigue life were also studied. The objective of this study was to identify regimes of fatigue which are significantly influenced by mean strains. Results indicated that mean strains affected EDF but not PDF. 2-step tests, similar to those performed in earlier studies were conducted to investigate the effects of mean strain on variable amplitude loading. Again, atypical cycle ratio trends were observed for loading sequences involving combinations of PDF and EDF. It is understood that fatigue crack growth interaction behaviour and mean stress effects are two dominant mechanisms which can be used to explain cycle ratio trends observed. The significance and importance of proper PDF/EDF definition and specification are also stressed. The study of fracture mechanics is an important component of any fatigue research. Fatigue crack growth in 4140 high strength steel CT specimens, under conditions of plane stress and plane strain were studied. In this investigation, the effects of R and overload ratios were also studied for both plane stress and plane strain conditions. Results indicate that differences in the point of crack “initiation” under both plane stress and plane strain conditions decrease with increasing load range, while the extent of crack retardation as a result of overloading, is greater under plane stress than plane strain conditions. The extent of crack growth retardation increases with decreasing R ratios and increasing overload ratios. The final phase of this project involves the proposal of two practical models used to predict cumulative “damage” and fatigue crack propagation in metals. The cumulative “damage” model proposed takes the form of a power law and the exponent which governs “damage” accumulation can easily be calculated by knowing the failure life, Nf, for a given strain or load level. Predictions for the “damage” model performed better when compared to other popular cumulative “damage” models. The second model proposed predicts fatigue crack growth behaviour from known monotonic and smooth specimen fatigue data. There are several benefits of having a model that can predict fatigue crack growth from monotonic and smooth specimen fatigue data: a) traditionally, engineers had to rely on expensive and time-consuming crack propagation tests to evaluate and select materials for maximum fatigue resistance, and b) monotonic and smooth specimen fatigue data are readily available. The crack propagation model is proposed to alleviate the material selection process by providing engineers a means to rapidly eliminate and narrow down selections for possible material candidates.
29

Variaveis de influencia do teste G-BOP / Variables of influence of the G-BOP test

Fraga, Francisco Edson Nogueira 25 July 2005 (has links)
Orientador: Roseana da Exaltação Trevisan / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T03:36:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fraga_FranciscoEdsonNogueira_M.pdf: 7668507 bytes, checksum: 806c3c771652dfe2aa90373e2fca42ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Trinca induzida por hidrogênio é um dos defeitos mais graves que ocorrem em juntas soldadas de diversos aços. Esta falha mecânica ocorre com bastante freqüência na zona afetada pelo calor (ZAC) destes materiais. Com o desenvolvimento de novos aços, o risco da ocorrência de trincamento na ZAC tem se reduzido cada vez mais e passado a ocorrer com mais freqüência no metal de solda (MS). O teste G-BOP (Gapped Bead-on-Plate) destaca-se dentre os vários testes autodestrutivos pela grande aplicação em avaliar susceptibilidade de ocorrência de trincas de hidrogênio somente no cordão de solda. As principais vantagens deste teste são: baixo custo quando comparado a outros testes, simplicidade na execução e facilidade em quantificar trincas a frio no MS. Apesar de todas as vantagens, este teste tem sérias limitações e uma delas é o fato de não ser normalizado. Visando contribuir com informações que possam agregar maior confiabilidade e contribuir para a normalização do teste G-BOP, este trabalho teve como objetivo principal estudar de maneira sistemática e científica a influência das principais variáveis do teste G-BOP (dimensão do rebaixo, energia nominal de soldagem e temperatura de preaquecimento) sobre a variável de resposta, que é o percentual de trinca induzida por hidrogênio na seção transversal do metal de solda, As três variáveis foram estudadas segundo uma análise estatística de variância, identificando a influência individual de cada uma e a interação entre elas sobre os resultados do teste. Para o desenvolvimento experimental foi utilizado como material de base um aço ASTM A-285 grau C, como metal de adição, um arame tubular de classificação AWS E71T-1 e o 'CO IND. 2¿ como gás de proteção auxiliar. Para os níveis de cada uma das variáveis analisadas aqui, identificou-se que a energia nominal de soldagem e a temperatura de preaquecimento são variáveis que tem influência significativa sobre os resultados do teste G-BOP e que a variável dimensão do rebaixo não tem influência significativa. Identificou-se ainda que a interação entre estas variáveis também não apresenta influência significativa sobre os resultados do teste / Abstract: Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) is a serious defect that occurs in welded joints of several steel types. This mechanical failure occurs frequently on the heat affected zone (HAZ). With the development of new steels the probability of HIC occurring on the HAZ has reduced, however it has started to occur on the weld metal (WM). The Gapped bead-on-plate test (G-BOP) stands out from several other self-restraint tests for its great application to evaluate HIC only on the weld metal. The main advantages of this test are: low cost, simple execution and crack quantification on WM. Despite its advantages, this test has a serious limitation that it is not normalized. To contribute to getting information that can add greater trustworthiness to G-BOP test and help to normalize it, the objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of the main variable of the G-BOP test (gap, welding heat and preheat temperature) in the output variable (HIC %). A variance analysis was used to identify the influence of these variables in the test results. For the experimental development the ASTM A-285 grade C steel was used as base metal as well as AWS E71T-1 flux core and 'CO IND. 2¿ shielding. It was concluded that the heat input and the preheat temperature have significant influence in the test result. The gap and the interaction between these variables don't have any influence in the test result / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia de Fabricação
30

Application of the Master Curve approach to fracture mechanics characterisation of reactor pressure vessel steel

Viehrig, H.-W., Kalkhof, D. January 2010 (has links)
The paper presents results of a research project founded by the Swiss Federal Nuclear Inspectorate concerning the application of the Master Curve approach in nuclear reactor pressure vessels integrity assessment. The main focus is put on the applicability of pre-cracked 0.4T-SE(B) specimens with short cracks, the verification of transferability of MC reference temperatures T0 from 0.4T thick specimens to larger specimens, ascertaining the influence of the specimen type and the test temperature on T0, investigation of the applicability of specimens with electroerosive notches for the fracture toughness testing, and the quantification of the loading rate and specimen type on T0. The test material is a forged ring of steel 22 NiMoCr 3 7 of the uncommissioned German pressurized water reactor Biblis C. SE(B) specimens with different overall sizes (specimen thickness B=0.4T, 0.8T, 1.6T, 3T, fatigue pre-cracked to a/W=0.5 and 20% side-grooved) have comparable T0. T0 varies within the 1σ scatter band. The testing of C(T) specimens results in higher T0 compared to SE(B) specimens. It can be stated that except for the lowest test temperature allowed by ASTM E1921-09a, the T0 values evaluated with specimens tested at different test temperatures are consistent. The testing in the temperature range of T0 ± 20 K is recommended because it gave the highest accuracy. Specimens with a/W=0.3 and a/W=0.5 crack length ratios yield comparable T0. The T0 of EDM notched specimens lie 41 K up to 54 K below the T0 of fatigue pre-cracked specimens. A significant influence of the loading rate on the MC T0 was observed. The HSK AN 425 test procedure is a suitable method to evaluate dynamic MC tests. The reference temperature T0 is eligible to define a reference temperature RTTo for the ASME-KIC reference curve as recommended in the ASME Code Case N-629. An additional margin has to be defined for the specific type of transient to be considered in the RPV integrity assessment. This margin also takes into account the level of available information of the RPV to be assessed.

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