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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Structural Behaviour of Self Consolidating Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams

Cohen, Michael I. 26 July 2012 (has links)
When subjected to a combination of moment and shear force, a reinforced concrete (RC) beam with either little or no transverse reinforcement can fail in shear before reaching its full flexural strength. This type of failure is sudden in nature and usually disastrous because it does not give sufficient warning prior to collapse. To prevent this type of shear failure, reinforced concrete beams are traditionally reinforced with stirrups. However, the use of stirrups is not always cost effective since it increases labor costs, and can make casting concrete difficult in situations where closely-spaced stirrups are required. The use of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) could be considered as a potential alternative to the use of traditional shear reinforcement. Concrete is very weak and brittle in tension, SFRC transforms this behaviour and improves the diagonal tension capacity of concrete and thus can result in significant enhancements in shear capacity. However, one of the drawbacks associated with SFRC is that the addition of fibers to a regular concrete mix can cause problems in workability. The use of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) is an innovative solution to this problem and can result in improved workability when fibers are added to the mix. The thesis presents the experimental results from tests on twelve slender self-consolidating fiber reinforced concrete (SCFRC) beams tested under four-point loading. The results demonstrate the combined use of SCC and steel fibers can improve the shear resistance of reinforced concrete beams, enhance crack control and can promote flexural ductility. Despite extensive research, there is a lack of accurate and reliable design guidelines for the use of SFRC in beams. This study presents a rational model which can accurately predict the shear resistance of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams. The thesis also proposes a safe and reliable equation which can be used for the shear design of SFRC beams.
22

Structural Behaviour of Self Consolidating Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams

Cohen, Michael I. 26 July 2012 (has links)
When subjected to a combination of moment and shear force, a reinforced concrete (RC) beam with either little or no transverse reinforcement can fail in shear before reaching its full flexural strength. This type of failure is sudden in nature and usually disastrous because it does not give sufficient warning prior to collapse. To prevent this type of shear failure, reinforced concrete beams are traditionally reinforced with stirrups. However, the use of stirrups is not always cost effective since it increases labor costs, and can make casting concrete difficult in situations where closely-spaced stirrups are required. The use of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) could be considered as a potential alternative to the use of traditional shear reinforcement. Concrete is very weak and brittle in tension, SFRC transforms this behaviour and improves the diagonal tension capacity of concrete and thus can result in significant enhancements in shear capacity. However, one of the drawbacks associated with SFRC is that the addition of fibers to a regular concrete mix can cause problems in workability. The use of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) is an innovative solution to this problem and can result in improved workability when fibers are added to the mix. The thesis presents the experimental results from tests on twelve slender self-consolidating fiber reinforced concrete (SCFRC) beams tested under four-point loading. The results demonstrate the combined use of SCC and steel fibers can improve the shear resistance of reinforced concrete beams, enhance crack control and can promote flexural ductility. Despite extensive research, there is a lack of accurate and reliable design guidelines for the use of SFRC in beams. This study presents a rational model which can accurately predict the shear resistance of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams. The thesis also proposes a safe and reliable equation which can be used for the shear design of SFRC beams.
23

Structural Behaviour of Self Consolidating Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams

Cohen, Michael I. January 2012 (has links)
When subjected to a combination of moment and shear force, a reinforced concrete (RC) beam with either little or no transverse reinforcement can fail in shear before reaching its full flexural strength. This type of failure is sudden in nature and usually disastrous because it does not give sufficient warning prior to collapse. To prevent this type of shear failure, reinforced concrete beams are traditionally reinforced with stirrups. However, the use of stirrups is not always cost effective since it increases labor costs, and can make casting concrete difficult in situations where closely-spaced stirrups are required. The use of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) could be considered as a potential alternative to the use of traditional shear reinforcement. Concrete is very weak and brittle in tension, SFRC transforms this behaviour and improves the diagonal tension capacity of concrete and thus can result in significant enhancements in shear capacity. However, one of the drawbacks associated with SFRC is that the addition of fibers to a regular concrete mix can cause problems in workability. The use of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) is an innovative solution to this problem and can result in improved workability when fibers are added to the mix. The thesis presents the experimental results from tests on twelve slender self-consolidating fiber reinforced concrete (SCFRC) beams tested under four-point loading. The results demonstrate the combined use of SCC and steel fibers can improve the shear resistance of reinforced concrete beams, enhance crack control and can promote flexural ductility. Despite extensive research, there is a lack of accurate and reliable design guidelines for the use of SFRC in beams. This study presents a rational model which can accurately predict the shear resistance of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams. The thesis also proposes a safe and reliable equation which can be used for the shear design of SFRC beams.
24

Aparatos de baixo custo para ensaios biaxiais em concretos reforçados com fibras de aço / Low cost apparatuses for biaxial tests on steel fiber reinforced concretes

Peres, Maria Vânia Nogueira do Nascimento January 2008 (has links)
Nas últimas décadas, a utilização de fibras de aço no reforço de elementos de concreto tem aumentado significativamente no cenário nacional e mesmo internacional, pois esta utilização melhora em muito as propriedades do material resultante, reduzindo sua fragilidade característica perante esforços de tração. Embora muito se conheça a respeito do comportamento de concretos reforçados com fibras sob solicitações uniaxiais, é sempre desejável que se possa prever adequadamente um comportamento mais amplo dos elementos feitos com tais materiais. Sendo assim, uma das soluções práticas para este tipo de questão seria a realização de ensaios sob solicitações biaxiais. No entanto, este tipo de análise se torna inviável em muitos casos, devido à falta de equipamentos adequados para sua realização. Assim, buscando-se colaborar com um melhor conhecimento dos concretos reforçados com fibras, o presente trabalho procurou desenvolver aparatos de ensaio de baixo custo capazes de solicitar corpos-de-prova em duas direções ortogonais. O comportamento do concreto reforçado com frações volumétricas de 0,5%, 1,0% e 1,5% de fibra foi, desta forma, avaliado a partir das seguintes proporções entre as tensões principais: ơ 2/ ơ 1 = 0/-1; ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -0,2/-1; ơ2 / ơ 1 = -0,5/-1; ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -1/-1. A partir das informações de resistência última e das deformações específicas obtidas nos ensaios, foi possível traçar as curvas de ruptura e analisar os padrões de ruptura do concreto reforçado com fibras de aço. Como esperado, os resultados obtidos nos ensaios mostraram que, sob estados de tensões biaxiais, ocorreu um aumento da resistência última e da rigidez do concreto para todas as relações de tensão analisadas ( ơ2/ ơ 1 = 0/-1; ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -0,2/-1;ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -0,5/-1; ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -1/-1). O aumento da resistência última em compressão biaxial, quando comparado ao concreto sob compressão uniaxial, foi de aproximadamente 20% para o concreto simples e, devido à adição de fibra, foi de aproximadamente 95% para uma relação de tensão igual a ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -0,5/-1. / In the last decades, the use of steel fibers to reinforce concrete elements has been significantly increased in the national scenario and even internationally, since its usage considerably improves the resulting material’s properties, reducing its characteristic fragility under tension. Although much is already known about the behavior of fiber reinforced concretes under uniaxial forces, a better understanding of the behavior of elements made of such materials is always desired. Therefore, a practical solution for this kind of problem would be to undertake biaxial tests. Nevertheless, this type of analysis sometimes turns out to be unviable because of the lack of adequate equipment for its realization. In this way, in an attempt to contribute with a better understanding of the fiber reinforced concretes, the present work tried to develop low-cost apparatuses capable of orthogonally loading specimens in two directions. The behavior of concrete reinforced with fiber volumetric fractions of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% was, therefore, evaluated under the following principal stresses’ proportions: ơ 2/ ơ 1 = ơ/-1;ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -0.2/-1; ơ 2/ơ 1 = -0.5/-1; ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -1/-1. From the ultimate strength values and from the obtained strains in the carried out tests, the rupture curves were possible to be plot, and the rupture modes and patterns of the fiber reinforced concretes were possible to be analyzed. As expected, the obtained results in the tests showed that, under biaxial stress states, an increase in ultimate strengths and stiffness of concretes for all the stress relations analyzed occurred ( ơ 2/ ơ 1 = 0/-1; ơ 2/ơ 1 = -0,2/-1; ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -0,5/-1; ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -1/-1). The increase in the ultimate strength in biaxial compression, when compared with concrete under uniaxial compression, was of about 20% for plain concrete and, due to the addition of fibers, about 95% for a stress relation equals to ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -0.5/-1.
25

SFRC Slabs Longitudinally Reinforced with High Strength Steel

Talboys, Laura N Unknown Date
No description available.
26

Aparatos de baixo custo para ensaios biaxiais em concretos reforçados com fibras de aço / Low cost apparatuses for biaxial tests on steel fiber reinforced concretes

Peres, Maria Vânia Nogueira do Nascimento January 2008 (has links)
Nas últimas décadas, a utilização de fibras de aço no reforço de elementos de concreto tem aumentado significativamente no cenário nacional e mesmo internacional, pois esta utilização melhora em muito as propriedades do material resultante, reduzindo sua fragilidade característica perante esforços de tração. Embora muito se conheça a respeito do comportamento de concretos reforçados com fibras sob solicitações uniaxiais, é sempre desejável que se possa prever adequadamente um comportamento mais amplo dos elementos feitos com tais materiais. Sendo assim, uma das soluções práticas para este tipo de questão seria a realização de ensaios sob solicitações biaxiais. No entanto, este tipo de análise se torna inviável em muitos casos, devido à falta de equipamentos adequados para sua realização. Assim, buscando-se colaborar com um melhor conhecimento dos concretos reforçados com fibras, o presente trabalho procurou desenvolver aparatos de ensaio de baixo custo capazes de solicitar corpos-de-prova em duas direções ortogonais. O comportamento do concreto reforçado com frações volumétricas de 0,5%, 1,0% e 1,5% de fibra foi, desta forma, avaliado a partir das seguintes proporções entre as tensões principais: ơ 2/ ơ 1 = 0/-1; ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -0,2/-1; ơ2 / ơ 1 = -0,5/-1; ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -1/-1. A partir das informações de resistência última e das deformações específicas obtidas nos ensaios, foi possível traçar as curvas de ruptura e analisar os padrões de ruptura do concreto reforçado com fibras de aço. Como esperado, os resultados obtidos nos ensaios mostraram que, sob estados de tensões biaxiais, ocorreu um aumento da resistência última e da rigidez do concreto para todas as relações de tensão analisadas ( ơ2/ ơ 1 = 0/-1; ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -0,2/-1;ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -0,5/-1; ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -1/-1). O aumento da resistência última em compressão biaxial, quando comparado ao concreto sob compressão uniaxial, foi de aproximadamente 20% para o concreto simples e, devido à adição de fibra, foi de aproximadamente 95% para uma relação de tensão igual a ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -0,5/-1. / In the last decades, the use of steel fibers to reinforce concrete elements has been significantly increased in the national scenario and even internationally, since its usage considerably improves the resulting material’s properties, reducing its characteristic fragility under tension. Although much is already known about the behavior of fiber reinforced concretes under uniaxial forces, a better understanding of the behavior of elements made of such materials is always desired. Therefore, a practical solution for this kind of problem would be to undertake biaxial tests. Nevertheless, this type of analysis sometimes turns out to be unviable because of the lack of adequate equipment for its realization. In this way, in an attempt to contribute with a better understanding of the fiber reinforced concretes, the present work tried to develop low-cost apparatuses capable of orthogonally loading specimens in two directions. The behavior of concrete reinforced with fiber volumetric fractions of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% was, therefore, evaluated under the following principal stresses’ proportions: ơ 2/ ơ 1 = ơ/-1;ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -0.2/-1; ơ 2/ơ 1 = -0.5/-1; ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -1/-1. From the ultimate strength values and from the obtained strains in the carried out tests, the rupture curves were possible to be plot, and the rupture modes and patterns of the fiber reinforced concretes were possible to be analyzed. As expected, the obtained results in the tests showed that, under biaxial stress states, an increase in ultimate strengths and stiffness of concretes for all the stress relations analyzed occurred ( ơ 2/ ơ 1 = 0/-1; ơ 2/ơ 1 = -0,2/-1; ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -0,5/-1; ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -1/-1). The increase in the ultimate strength in biaxial compression, when compared with concrete under uniaxial compression, was of about 20% for plain concrete and, due to the addition of fibers, about 95% for a stress relation equals to ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -0.5/-1.
27

Aparatos de baixo custo para ensaios biaxiais em concretos reforçados com fibras de aço / Low cost apparatuses for biaxial tests on steel fiber reinforced concretes

Peres, Maria Vânia Nogueira do Nascimento January 2008 (has links)
Nas últimas décadas, a utilização de fibras de aço no reforço de elementos de concreto tem aumentado significativamente no cenário nacional e mesmo internacional, pois esta utilização melhora em muito as propriedades do material resultante, reduzindo sua fragilidade característica perante esforços de tração. Embora muito se conheça a respeito do comportamento de concretos reforçados com fibras sob solicitações uniaxiais, é sempre desejável que se possa prever adequadamente um comportamento mais amplo dos elementos feitos com tais materiais. Sendo assim, uma das soluções práticas para este tipo de questão seria a realização de ensaios sob solicitações biaxiais. No entanto, este tipo de análise se torna inviável em muitos casos, devido à falta de equipamentos adequados para sua realização. Assim, buscando-se colaborar com um melhor conhecimento dos concretos reforçados com fibras, o presente trabalho procurou desenvolver aparatos de ensaio de baixo custo capazes de solicitar corpos-de-prova em duas direções ortogonais. O comportamento do concreto reforçado com frações volumétricas de 0,5%, 1,0% e 1,5% de fibra foi, desta forma, avaliado a partir das seguintes proporções entre as tensões principais: ơ 2/ ơ 1 = 0/-1; ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -0,2/-1; ơ2 / ơ 1 = -0,5/-1; ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -1/-1. A partir das informações de resistência última e das deformações específicas obtidas nos ensaios, foi possível traçar as curvas de ruptura e analisar os padrões de ruptura do concreto reforçado com fibras de aço. Como esperado, os resultados obtidos nos ensaios mostraram que, sob estados de tensões biaxiais, ocorreu um aumento da resistência última e da rigidez do concreto para todas as relações de tensão analisadas ( ơ2/ ơ 1 = 0/-1; ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -0,2/-1;ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -0,5/-1; ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -1/-1). O aumento da resistência última em compressão biaxial, quando comparado ao concreto sob compressão uniaxial, foi de aproximadamente 20% para o concreto simples e, devido à adição de fibra, foi de aproximadamente 95% para uma relação de tensão igual a ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -0,5/-1. / In the last decades, the use of steel fibers to reinforce concrete elements has been significantly increased in the national scenario and even internationally, since its usage considerably improves the resulting material’s properties, reducing its characteristic fragility under tension. Although much is already known about the behavior of fiber reinforced concretes under uniaxial forces, a better understanding of the behavior of elements made of such materials is always desired. Therefore, a practical solution for this kind of problem would be to undertake biaxial tests. Nevertheless, this type of analysis sometimes turns out to be unviable because of the lack of adequate equipment for its realization. In this way, in an attempt to contribute with a better understanding of the fiber reinforced concretes, the present work tried to develop low-cost apparatuses capable of orthogonally loading specimens in two directions. The behavior of concrete reinforced with fiber volumetric fractions of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% was, therefore, evaluated under the following principal stresses’ proportions: ơ 2/ ơ 1 = ơ/-1;ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -0.2/-1; ơ 2/ơ 1 = -0.5/-1; ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -1/-1. From the ultimate strength values and from the obtained strains in the carried out tests, the rupture curves were possible to be plot, and the rupture modes and patterns of the fiber reinforced concretes were possible to be analyzed. As expected, the obtained results in the tests showed that, under biaxial stress states, an increase in ultimate strengths and stiffness of concretes for all the stress relations analyzed occurred ( ơ 2/ ơ 1 = 0/-1; ơ 2/ơ 1 = -0,2/-1; ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -0,5/-1; ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -1/-1). The increase in the ultimate strength in biaxial compression, when compared with concrete under uniaxial compression, was of about 20% for plain concrete and, due to the addition of fibers, about 95% for a stress relation equals to ơ 2/ ơ 1 = -0.5/-1.
28

Resistência ao cisalhamento em vigas de concreto armado sem armadura transversal reforçadas com fibras de aço / Shear strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams without stirrup

Vitor, Paula de Carvalho Palma 02 March 2017 (has links)
Neste trabalho foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa experimental para avaliar a influência da adição de fibras de aço na resistência ao cisalhamento e modo de ruptura de vigas de concreto armado. Os efeitos da adição de fibras na resistência à compressão, resistência à tração por compressão diametral e tenacidade também foram analisados. O programa experimental consistiu na moldagem de 12 vigas de concreto armado sem estribos na região dos esforços cortantes. Para todas as vigas foram moldados seis corpos de prova cilíndricos e para as vigas com fibras foram moldados três corpos de prova prismáticos para realização do ensaio ASTM C1609. Foram consideradas duas classes de resistência à compressão do concreto (20 MPa e 40 MPa), duas taxas de armadura longitudinal de tração (1,32 % e 1,55 %) e três teores de fibras em volume ( 0 %; 0,64 % e 0,77 %). As vigas foram ensaiadas à flexão em quatro pontos. Os resultados experimentais encontrados indicaram que o uso de fibras de aço com ganchos nas extremidades aumenta a resistência ao cisalhamento das vigas e altera o padrão de fissuração proporcionando uma ruptura mais avisada. Os resultados de força cortante última foram comparados com os valores teóricos estimados pelo ACI 318, ABNT NBR 6118 e com cinco modelos existentes na literatura cientifica desenvolvidos para estimar a resistência ao cisalhamento de vigas com fibras de aço. Enquanto o ACI 318 e a ABNT NBR 6118 subestimaram a resistência ao cisalhamento das vigas com fibras, o modelo de Kwak et al. (2002) que considera as propriedades mecânicas do concreto e as características das fibras apresentou resultados teóricos próximos aos resultados experimentais. Este resultado demonstrou a necessidade da utilização de outros parâmetros além da resistência à tração do concreto para prever a resistência ao cisalhamento de vigas de concreto com fibras. A influência da adição de fibras na resistência à compressão foi insignificante. A magnitude do efeito da adição de fibras na resistência à tração por compressão diametral e tenacidade foi dependente da classe de resistência do concreto. / In this work, an experimental research was developed to evaluate the influence of the addition of steel fibers on the shear strength and rupture mode of reinforced concrete beams. The effects of fiber addition on compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and toughness were also analyzed. The experimental program consisted of the cast of 12 reinforced concrete beams without stirrups in the region of the shear forces. Six cylindrical specimens were molded to all beams. For the beams with fibers, three prismatic specimens were casted to the ASTM C1609 test. Two classes of compressive strength of concrete (20 MPa and 40 MPa), two longitudinal tensile reinforcement ratio (1.32 % and 1.55 %) and three fiber contents in volume (0 % , 0.64 % And 0.77 %) were utilized. The four point bending tests were performed. The experimental results showed that the use of hooked steel fibers increases the shear strength of the beams and alters the cracking pattern providing some warning about the imminence of failure. The results of peak shear load were compared with the theoretical values estimated by the ACI 318, ABNT NBR 6118 and by five models published in the scientific literature developed to estimate the shear strength of beams with steel fibers. While the ACI 318 and ABNT NBR 6118 underestimated the shear strength of the beams with fibers, the Kwak et al. (2002) model that considered the mechanical properties of the concrete and the characteristics of the fibers presented theoretical results close to the experimental results of the beams. This result demonstrated the need for the use of parameters other than the tensile strength of concrete to predict the shear strength of concrete beams with fibers. The influence of the addition of fibers on the compressive strength was insignificant. The magnitude of the effect of the steel fibers on splitting tensile strength and toughness was dependent on the strength class of the concrete. / Dissertação (Mestrado)
29

Estudo dos mecanismos de transferência de tensões de cisalhamento em concreto fissurado com e sem reforço de fibras de aço: uma análise exploratória / Study of the mechanisms of transfer of shear stresses in fissured concrete with and without reinforcement of steel fibers: an exploratory analysis

Martins, Bárbara Gomes 28 July 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-10-10T11:50:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Bárbara Gomes Martins - 2016.pdf: 9049119 bytes, checksum: 4e6655174bbb6b6cfda86ff2af34b902 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-10-10T11:50:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Bárbara Gomes Martins - 2016.pdf: 9049119 bytes, checksum: 4e6655174bbb6b6cfda86ff2af34b902 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-10T11:50:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Bárbara Gomes Martins - 2016.pdf: 9049119 bytes, checksum: 4e6655174bbb6b6cfda86ff2af34b902 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The steel fiber-reinforced concrete have been widely used in concrete pieces to improve their mechanical properties. This research is performed an exploratory experimental analysis in order to assess the contribution of steel fibers in the shear strength of the concrete. A methodology for evaluation of the direct shear strength and the direct tension of the concrete is developed, as well as to evaluate the shear stress transfer mechanism by aggregate interlock. From the tests, it evaluates the influence of steel fibers in the transfer mechanism of shear stresses through the aggregate interlock pre-cracked plans of concrete. In the experimental development was used medium strength concrete (60 MPa), with 12.5 mm coarse aggregate varying the volume of steel fibers in 0%, 0.5% and 1.5%. The results showed that the methodology developed to evaluate the resistance to direct tensile work, but there needs some modification in the molding of concrete specimens with fibers to prevent the concentration of fibers in the specimen faces, which resulted in reducing the tensile strength of concrete. As for the direct shear test with two planes, the results showed that the test methodology worked well until the maximum force, showing a reduction in the shear strength of the concrete when compared to similar tests, but with fixed supports. Finally, the results of direct shear testing on pre-cracked (push-off test) showed that the fibers contribute significantly to the effect of aggregate interlock by reducing the opening of the crack and the sliding interface for a given shear stress. / O concreto reforçado com fibras de aço tem sido bastante utilizado em peças de concreto a fim de melhorar suas propriedades mecânicas. Nesta pesquisa, é realizada uma análise experimental exploratória a fim de avaliar a contribuição das fibras de aço na resistência ao cisalhamento do concreto. É desenvolvida uma metodologia para avaliação da resistência ao cisalhamento direto e à tração direta do concreto, bem como para avaliação do mecanismo de transferência de tensões de cisalhamento por meio do intertravamento dos agregados. A partir dos ensaios, é avaliada a influência das fibras de aço no mecanismo de transferência de tensões de cisalhamento por meio do intertravamento dos agregados em planos pré-fissurados de concreto. No desenvolvimento experimental foi utilizado concreto de média resistência (60 MPa), com agregado graúdo de 12,5 mm, variando o volume de fibras de aço em 0%, 0,5% e 1,5%. Os resultados mostraram que a metodologia desenvolvida para avaliar a resistência à tração direta funcionou, porém há a necessidade de algumas modificações na moldagem dos corpos de prova do concreto com fibras para evitar a concentração de fibras nas faces do corpo de prova, o que resultou na redução da resistência à tração do concreto. Já para o ensaio de cisalhamento direto com dois planos, os resultados mostraram que a metodologia de ensaio funcionou bem até a força máxima, mostrando uma redução da resistência ao cisalhamento do concreto quando comparado a ensaios semelhantes, porém com apoios fixos. Por fim, os resultados dos ensaios de cisalhamento direto em plano pré- fissurado mostraram que as fibras contribuem significativamente no efeito do intertravamento dos agregados por meio da redução da abertura da fissura e do deslizamento da interface para uma determinada tensão de cisalhamento.
30

Effects of Detailing and Fibers on the Static and Blast Behaviour of High‐Strength Concrete Beams

Charles, Charlemagne Junior 18 December 2019 (has links)
The CSA S850 Blast standard provides guidelines that can be used to enhance the blast performance of reinforced concrete structures. In the case of beams, the standard requires the use of top continuity (compression) bars and well-detailed transverse steel to ensure strength and ductility under blast loads. However, the requirements in the CSA S850 standard are intended for normal-strength concrete structures. Given the increased use of high-strength concrete (HSC) in practice, there is a need to explore the effects of modern blast designs on the behavior of HSC structures subjected to blast loads. Accordingly, this project examines the effect of modern reinforcement detailing on the static, dynamic and post-blast performance of high-strength concrete beams. The study further examines the ability to use fibers to relax such detailing and simplify construction. A total of seventeen beams are tested. Static testing is conducted under four-point bending, with blast testing conducted using the University of Ottawa shock-tube. The post-blast behavior of the beams is assessed by conducting residual static tests on the blast-damaged specimens. The parameters investigated include the effects of: blast detailing vs. nominal detailing, steel fibers, the effect of longitudinal steel ratio (in compression and tension) and tie spacing. The results show that under static loads, the use of blast detailing significantly improves the flexural behavior of the beams in terms of ductility. Likewise, the provision of continuity (compression) bars and closely spaced ties is found to improve blast performance by better controlling displacements, increasing blast resistance, limiting damages and allowing for important post-blast residual capacity. The use of steel fibers and relaxed detailing (increased tie spacing) is found to increase resistance and improve cracking behavior under static loads, with an ability to match the blast performance of more heavily-detailed HSC specimens. The use of fibers also allowed for substantial post-blast capacity. Finally, the steel ratio (in tension, in compression and in the transverse direction) was found to affect the blast behavior of the HSC beams. In addition to the experiments, the analytical study predicts the static and blast response of the tested beams using sectional analysis and non-linear SDOF modeling. Results show that the analysis methodology was able to predict the static and blast responses of the blast-detailed and fiber-reinforced HSC beams with reasonable accuracy.

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