Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1963.

Thesis (M.Sc.(Applied Science: Metallurgy))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Abstract in English. Includes bibliographical references.

Os biofilmes constituem uma nova forma de vida que oferece maior resistência aos micro-organismos, protegendo-os contra agressões físicas e químicas do meio envolvente, o que facilita a sua adaptação em condições adversas. O desenvolvimento de biofilmes patogênicos em superfícies de contato nas áreas da saúde (próteses e instrumentos cirúrgicos) e alimentícia (equipamentos e tubulações) é a principal causa do acréscimo de contaminações que podem, eventualmente, originar problemas de saúde pública e de ordem econômica. Para prevenir, controlar ou erradicar biofilmes, alternativas tecnológicas vêm sendo desenvolvidas e testadas em materiais com propriedades antimicrobianas. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as propriedades antimicrobianas dos íons prata (Ag+) implantados no aço inoxidável austenítico AISI 304 a baixa energia (4 keV) no equipamento Ion Plating Diversified (IPD). As bactérias estudadas foram Escherichia coli (IBEc 101) e Staphyloccocus aureus (ATCC 6538). As simulações de Monte Carlo previram para uma determinada energia de polarização, o perfil de dose e profundidade de íons Ag+ implantados no aço. A análise físico-química apresentou doses de prata, na ordem de grandeza de 1016 átomos/cm2 em profundidades menores do que 10 nm. A densidade areal de átomos de prata implantados foi influenciada pela relação entre o índice de corrente de emissão e o tempo de processo. Os resultados microbiológicos obtidos apresentaram uma significativa redução na aderência bacteriana (95% de E. coli e 90% de S. aureus) em relação aos seus controles. Porém, impurezas como o oxigênio encontrado na superfície das amostras alteraram a capacidade de aderência das células bacterianas. A variação do pH do meio de cultura fez com que a repulsão eletrostática entre as células bacterianas e a superfície sólida aumentasse para valores de pH próximos da neutralidade e diminuísse para valores de pH não alcalinos, interferindo desta forma, na adesão das bactérias. Ainda que faltem dados que comprovem seu rendimento e o custo total do produto tratado, existe uma enorme perspectiva de tornar o processo IPD em escala industrial. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2014-11-24T13:14:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fernando Graniero Echeverrigaray.pdf: 3217258 bytes, checksum: 0befcf5967159291ee174c210a9c79d8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-24T13:14:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fernando Graniero Echeverrigaray.pdf: 3217258 bytes, checksum: 0befcf5967159291ee174c210a9c79d8 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq / The biofilms are a new form of life that offers greater resistance to microorganisms, protecting them against physical and chemical aggressions of the surroundings, which facilitate its adaptation in adverse conditions. The development of pathogenic biofilms on contact surfaces used in the health and food industries is the main cause of increased contamination that can, eventually, lead to public health problems and economic order. To prevent, control or eradicate biofilms, technological alternatives are being developed and tested in materials with antimicrobial properties. Within this context, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of silver ions (Ag+) implanted on the surface of austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 by the technique of ion implantation at low energy (4 keV) in an Ion Plating Diversified (IPD) equipment. The bacteria studied were Escherichia coli (IBEc 101) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538). The simulations Monte Carlo has predicted for a given energy of polarization, the dose and depth profile of ions Ag+ implanted in steel. Physico-chemical analysis presented doses of silver, in the order of magnitude of 1016 atoms/cm2 at depths less than 10 nm. The areal density of silver atoms implanted was influenced by the relationship between the emission current index and the process time. The microbiological results obtained showed a significant reduction in bacterial adhesion (95% for E. coli and 90% for S. aureus) in relation to its controls. However, impurities such as oxygen found on the surface of samples altered the adhesion of the bacterial cells. The variation of the pH of the culture medium caused the electrostatic repulsion between bacterial cells and solid surface increases to pH values close to neutrality and to shrink to no alkaline pH values, interfering in this way, in the adhesion of bacteria. Missing data yet proving their income and the total cost of the product treated, there is a huge prospect of making the process IPD on an industrial scale.

Os biofilmes constituem uma nova forma de vida que oferece maior resistência aos micro-organismos, protegendo-os contra agressões físicas e químicas do meio envolvente, o que facilita a sua adaptação em condições adversas. O desenvolvimento de biofilmes patogênicos em superfícies de contato nas áreas da saúde (próteses e instrumentos cirúrgicos) e alimentícia (equipamentos e tubulações) é a principal causa do acréscimo de contaminações que podem, eventualmente, originar problemas de saúde pública e de ordem econômica. Para prevenir, controlar ou erradicar biofilmes, alternativas tecnológicas vêm sendo desenvolvidas e testadas em materiais com propriedades antimicrobianas. Dentro deste contexto, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as propriedades antimicrobianas dos íons prata (Ag+) implantados no aço inoxidável austenítico AISI 304 a baixa energia (4 keV) no equipamento Ion Plating Diversified (IPD). As bactérias estudadas foram Escherichia coli (IBEc 101) e Staphyloccocus aureus (ATCC 6538). As simulações de Monte Carlo previram para uma determinada energia de polarização, o perfil de dose e profundidade de íons Ag+ implantados no aço. A análise físico-química apresentou doses de prata, na ordem de grandeza de 1016 átomos/cm2 em profundidades menores do que 10 nm. A densidade areal de átomos de prata implantados foi influenciada pela relação entre o índice de corrente de emissão e o tempo de processo. Os resultados microbiológicos obtidos apresentaram uma significativa redução na aderência bacteriana (95% de E. coli e 90% de S. aureus) em relação aos seus controles. Porém, impurezas como o oxigênio encontrado na superfície das amostras alteraram a capacidade de aderência das células bacterianas. A variação do pH do meio de cultura fez com que a repulsão eletrostática entre as células bacterianas e a superfície sólida aumentasse para valores de pH próximos da neutralidade e diminuísse para valores de pH não alcalinos, interferindo desta forma, na adesão das bactérias. Ainda que faltem dados que comprovem seu rendimento e o custo total do produto tratado, existe uma enorme perspectiva de tornar o processo IPD em escala industrial. / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq / The biofilms are a new form of life that offers greater resistance to microorganisms, protecting them against physical and chemical aggressions of the surroundings, which facilitate its adaptation in adverse conditions. The development of pathogenic biofilms on contact surfaces used in the health and food industries is the main cause of increased contamination that can, eventually, lead to public health problems and economic order. To prevent, control or eradicate biofilms, technological alternatives are being developed and tested in materials with antimicrobial properties. Within this context, this study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of silver ions (Ag+) implanted on the surface of austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 by the technique of ion implantation at low energy (4 keV) in an Ion Plating Diversified (IPD) equipment. The bacteria studied were Escherichia coli (IBEc 101) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538). The simulations Monte Carlo has predicted for a given energy of polarization, the dose and depth profile of ions Ag+ implanted in steel. Physico-chemical analysis presented doses of silver, in the order of magnitude of 1016 atoms/cm2 at depths less than 10 nm. The areal density of silver atoms implanted was influenced by the relationship between the emission current index and the process time. The microbiological results obtained showed a significant reduction in bacterial adhesion (95% for E. coli and 90% for S. aureus) in relation to its controls. However, impurities such as oxygen found on the surface of samples altered the adhesion of the bacterial cells. The variation of the pH of the culture medium caused the electrostatic repulsion between bacterial cells and solid surface increases to pH values close to neutrality and to shrink to no alkaline pH values, interfering in this way, in the adhesion of bacteria. Missing data yet proving their income and the total cost of the product treated, there is a huge prospect of making the process IPD on an industrial scale.

M.Ing. (Mechanical Engineering) / The use of longitudinally welded tube are limited in certain sectors of industry due to the belief that seamless tubes are superior. The main objective of this study was to try and prove that sufficient resistance to internal pressure could be achieved by longitudinally welded type 304L stainless steel tubes, while subjected to various external forces. A knowledge of plasticity theory and failure criteria provides the basis of the different mechanisms of tube failure. Four different tests were performed using different external forces, while internal pressure was increased until failure occurred. It was found that test specimens failed after reaching acceptable pressures, irrespective of the external loading conditions.

Duplex stainless steels (DSS) with roughly equal amount of austenite and ferrite phases are being used in industries such as petrochemical and pulp and paper mills. However, many DSS grades have been reported to undergo corrosion and stress corrosion cracking in some aggressive environments such as chlorides and sulfide-containing caustic solutions. Although stress corrosion cracking of duplex stainless steels in chloride solution has been investigated and well documented in the literature, SCC mechanisms for DSS in caustic solutions were unknown. Microstructural changes and environmental factors, such as pH of the solution, temperature, and resulting electrochemical potential also influence the SCC susceptibility of duplex stainless steels. In this study, the role of material and environmental parameters on corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of duplex stainless steels in caustic solutions were investigated. Results showed that the austenite phase in the DSS is more susceptible to crack initiation and propagation in caustic environment, which is different from that in the low pH chloride environment where the ferrite phase is the more susceptible phase. This study also showed that alloy composition and microstructural changes in duplex stainless steels due to different heat treatments could affect their SCC susceptibility. Moreover, corrosion rates and SCC susceptibility of DSS was found to increase with addition of sulfide to caustic solutions. Corrosion films on DSS indicated that the metal sulfide compounds formed along with oxides at the metal surface in the presence of sulfide containing caustic environments made the steel susceptible to SCC initiations. The overall results from this study helped in understanding the mechanism of SCC in caustic solutions. Favorable slip systems in the austenite phase of DSS favors slip-induced local film damage thereby initiating a stress corrosion crack. Repeated film repassivation and breaking, followed by crack tip dissolution results in crack propagation in the austenite phase of DSS alloys. Result from this study will have a significant impact in terms of identifying the alloy compositions, fabrication processes, microstructures, and environmental conditions that may be avoided to mitigate corrosion and stress corrosion cracking of DSS in caustic solutions.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007. / Additional advisors: Peter G. Anderson, Brigitta C. Brott, Jack E. Lemons. Description based on contents viewed Feb. 4, 2008; title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-70).

Thesis (M.Eng.)(Metallurgical)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Includes summary. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1958.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1958.