Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1950.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rochester Institute of Technology, 1993. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-104).

Thesis (doctoral)--Tübingen, 1935.

Errata sheet has been pasted onto the front end-paper. Bibliography: leaves 208-217. Outlines a systematic synthesis and testing of continual sterilization design. Principal aim is to evaluate and develop mathematical models for sterilization, undertake experimental studies for determining thermal inactivation effects on continuous processing of a liquid containing contaminant bacteria and compare the data obtained with those predicted by a selected model.

Resumo: A mortalidade materna é um dos melhores meios de avaliação da assistência médica prestada em um país. Dessa forma, o planejamento familiar torna-se um importante instrumento de prevenção da morbidade e mortalidade materna, principalmente em mulheres com alto risco reprodutivo. Em todo o mundo, a laqueadura tubária é o método contraceptivo mais utilizado, entre mulheres que já completaram a formação familiar desejada. Com o aumento expressivo do número de laqueaduras nas últimas décadas, relatos sobre possíveis repercussões do procedimento, tais como alterações do padrão menstrual, da produção hormonal pelos ovários e efeitos sobre a saúde física e mental de pacientes submetidas à laqueadura tubária tiveram um grande impacto. O conhecimento sobre o uso de métodos contraceptivos temporários previamente à cirurgia, o tipo de técnica cirúrgica empregada, o tempo transcorrido após o procedimento e a presença de comorbidades associadas a estas pacientes parecem influenciar nos achados pós-cirúrgicos e no desenvolvimento de uma possível Síndrome Pós-Laqueadura. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as repercussões clínicas e psíquicas em mulheres submetidas à laqueadura tubária por videolaparoscopia. Trata-se de estudo retrospectivo, longitudinal, com amostra de conveniência de 130 mulheres, entre 19 e 49 anos, submetidas à laqueadura tubária Repercussões Clínicas e Psíquicas da Laqueadura Tubária Videolaparoscópica - Dias D.S. et. al. 27 videolaparoscópica, segundo as técnicas de eletrocoagulcação bipolar seguida de secção das tubas uterinas e a inserção do anel tubário de silastic (Yoon), entre o período de janeiro de 1999 e dezembro de 2007. Por meio de protocolo pré-estabelecido foram avaliados: intervalo do ciclo menstrual, intensidade e duração do sangramento,...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Maternal mortality is one of the best means of assessing the healthcare in a country. Thus, the family planning becomes very important to prevent the morbidity and mortality of women with high risk of reproduction. Worldwide, the tubal ligation is the most widely used contraceptive method among women who have completed their family planning. As the number of sterilizations increased in the last decades, reports concerning possible repercussions of the procedure, including signs and symptoms of menstrual disorders, changing in hormonal profile and effects in physical and psychical health of patients submitted to tubal ligation had a large impact. Knowledge about the contraceptives methods utilized previously, the age of patient in the moment of tubal ligation, the type of technique employed, the time elapsed after the procedure and the presence of comorbidities associated with these patients seems to influence in post-surgical findings and the development of the so called Post Tubal Ligation Syndrome. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and psychical repercussions of the videolaparoscopic tubal ligation. This is a retrospective, longitudinal study, with a convenience sample of 130 women, between 19 and 49 years, submitted to videolaparoscopic tubal ligation, according the tubal ring and bipolar coagulation techniques, during the period of January 1999 to December 2007. Disorders in menstrual cycle period, amount of bleeding, duration of menstruation, presence of pre-menstrual distress, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, pelvic pain and satisfaction with sexual life were reported through a pre-established questionnaire. Each women served as her own control and comparison with the period pre and post tubal ligation was established, utilizing the Wilcoxon test, the McNemar test and Chi-square or Fisher's exact...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Jorge Nahás Neto / Coorientador: Eliana A. P. Nahás / Banca: Gilberto Uemura / Banca: Antonio Hélio Oliani / Mestre

Orientador: Angelo Pires do Prado / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T02:54:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Varzim_FernandaLemeSilvaBastos_M.pdf: 508840 bytes, checksum: 2bd2ba617e44c3b8c752cd6fa3883eb3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A bioterapia com larvas consiste na aplicação de larvas vivas de moscas em ferimentos de difícil cicatrização, apresentado como finalidade desbridar o tecido necrosado e promover o crescimento de novos tecidos. A bioterapia poderá ser seguramente utilizada, quando larvas estéreis, são obtidas com a criação e manutenção das moscas em laboratório. A esterilização dos ovos são fatores significantes na obtenção de larvas estéreis para utilização na bioterapia. No presente estudo moscas Chrysomya putoria (Calliphoridae), foram capturas, criadas e mantidas em laboratório sob condições apropriadas para esterilização dos ovos. Foi avaliada a viabilidade das larvas de C. putoria, utilizando oito substâncias químicas esterilizantes que foram previamente diluídos em concentrações variadas, onde ovos de C. putoria foram testados em variados tempos de exposição. Os esterilizantes testados foram Formoldeído, Hipoclorito de sódio Permanganato de potássio®, Digluconato de Clorexidina, Farmasept 500®, Farmasept 800®, Farmaseptplus ® e Ultrasept®. Todos esses esterilizantes testados com exceção do Digluconato de Clorexidina, resultaram larvas viáveis, com números de sobreviventes satisfatórios para bioterapia, mas somente o Hipoclorito de sódio 0,5%, Formaldeído 1% e Farmasept-plus na concentração de 1/4000 foram eficazes microbiologicamente e podem ser utilizadas com segurança / Abstract: The therapy with larvae on biotherapy, consists of applying live fly larvae to nonhealing wounds for the purpose of unbridling the necrotic tissue and promoting the growth of healthy tissue. The biotherapy could surely be used, when larvae, are obtained by rearing and maintenaning flies in the laboratory. The sterilization of eggs is a significant factor in the attainming larvae to be used in biotherapy. In the present study Chrysomya putoria flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae), are been captured, and kept in laboratory under appropriate conditions to obtain the eggs use in the experiments. The viability of the larvae of Chrysomya putoria was evaluated, using eight sterile chemical substances that had previously been diluted in different concentrations, the eggs of Chrysomya putoria were tested in different exposition times. The tested sterilizing substances whith Formaldehyde, Sodium hypochlorite, Potássium Permanganate, Chlorexidine Digluconate, Farmasept 500®, Farmasept 800®, Farmasept-plus® and Ultrasept®. All the tested substances with the exception of the of Chlorexidine Digluconate, had not affected the viability of the, resulting in satisfactory numbers of live larvae. However only sodium hypochlorite 0.5%, Formaldehyde 1% and Farmasept-plus® in the concentration of 1/4000 were efficient icrobiolologically and can be safety used. / Mestrado / Parasitologia / Mestre em Parasitologia

Read the abstract in the section 00front of this document. / Thesis (DPhil (Food Science))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Food Science / unrestricted

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Questionnaires were sent to 500 orthodontists in all states of the U.S., inquiring about the methods of sterilization used for hand instruments (mirrors, explorers, band pushers, etc.) and hinged instruments (pliers). The practitioners were asked if their sterilization/disinfection methods had been changed recently, and if any changes in methods were due to the risk of disease transmission. Opinions were also solicited regarding the importance of complete sterilization (i.e., destruction of all organisms). An opportunity was provided to rate the effectiveness of the sterilization method in use. Finally, information was requested on any barrier methods used routinely. The most commonly used method for hand and hinged instruments was cold sterilization with a 2% glutaraldehyde solution. This solution was used by 46.5% of the office for hand instruments, and by 33.5% of the offices for hinged instruments. Quaternary ammonium compounds were used by 26.5% of the offices for hand instruments, and by 19.2% for hinged instruments. Wiping with alcohol was used by 30.4% of the offices for hinged instruments. The most common heat sterilization method used was the chemiclave system (11.5% for hand instruments and 9.1% for hinged). Of the offices surveyed, 45.5% had changed their methods within the past two years. Of that group, 66.9% had changed as a result of the increased problem with transmissible diseases. Of the offices that had not changed recently, 64.1% were considering doing so as a result of the disease transmission concern. Complete sterilization was considered very important by 47.5% of respondents, while 41.6% ranked it somewhat important. Of the orthodontists surveyed, 16.1% felt that they achieved an excellent level of asepsis in their offices, followed by 58.7% who rated it good, 23.4% average, and 1.4% poor. Protective eyewear was worn by 52.4 % of those surveyed, while gloves and masks were worn routinely by 21.3% and 21.6% of the practitioners, respectively. On the basis of the literature review, the most effective cold sterilization method (other than ethylene oxide) for the orthodontic office appears to be a 2% glutaraldehyde solution. This technique will not corrode plier joints or the stainless steel surfaces. The best heat sterilization method for the orthodontic office is the chemiclave system, due to its lack of corrosion problems, as well as its relatively rapid cycle time. Ultrasonic cleaning of all instruments prior to sterilization is highly recommended.

Thesis (MCurr)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background Diarrhoea (frequent, loose, watery stools) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality globally and affects mainly infants and children under the age of five years. Unhygienic feeding practices and feeding utensils contribute to diarrhoeal incidences. The most common causes of acute gastroenteritis worldwide are infectious agents, such as viruses, bacteria and parasites Aim The aim of the study was to investigate which out of three particular sterilising methods is the most effective for sterilising feeding bottles and cups. Methods An experimental quantitative approach was most appropriate for the current study. An in vitro experimental study with a descriptive design was utilised under controlled laboratory conditions. The study was conducted at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) in April 2009. Results The sample size consisted of 16 samples, of which two were used for each method of sterilisation, namely: two (2) bottles and two (2) cups for sunlight; two (2) bottles and two (2) cups for Milton™; two (2) bottles and two (2) cups for Sunlight™ dishwashing liquid; and control utensils that consisted of two (2) bottles and two (2) cups. The target population for the study comprised infant feeding bottles and feeding cups. The analysis for the APC cultures that was compared in the cups vs. bottles, in order to see whether there was a significant difference between the mean bacteria counts, shows that the average bacteria count (on the ln scale) was 6 cfu/ml and 9 cfu/ml for the cups and bottles, respectively. The t-value was -1.17524. As the ρ-value was 0.2595, no significant difference was found between the cups and bottles. The E. coli cultures were compared in the cups vs. bottles to see whether there was a significant difference between the mean bacteria counts. The results show that the average bacteria count (on the ln scale) was 7 cfu/ml and 7.6 cfu/ml for cups and bottles, respectively. The t-value was -0.211902. The ρ-value was 0.835237, and therefore there was no significant difference between cups and bottles. Conclusion The current study showed no significant difference between the sterilising methods or between the use of either bottles or cups. Therefore, a study with a larger sample size is recommended for further research. Recommendations The researcher recommends that future researchers conduct broader studies, with a larger sample size on the topic. Studies with a larger sample size enabled the real differences to be large enough to be significant. The use of sunlight is recommended as a sterilisation method for infant feeding utensils, as it is both time- and cost-effective. Sunlight is an inexpensive and readily available method of sterilisation; therefore, it can be used by relatively under resourced socio-economic communities. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond Diarree (gereelde, los, waterige stoelgang) is een van die hoofoorsake van morbiditeit en sterflikheid wêreldwyd en affekteer hoofsaaklik suigelinge en kinders onder die ouderdom van vyf jaar. Onhigiëniese voedingspraktyke en -gereedskap dra by tot die voorkoms van diarree-gevalle. Die mees algemene oorsake van akute gastroënteritus wêreldwyd word veroorsaak deur aansteeklike agente soos virusse, bakterieë en parasiete. Doel Die doel van hierdie studie is om ondersoek te doen na watter van die drie bepaalde steriliseringsmetodes die mees effektiewe is vir die sterilisering van bottels en koppies. Metodes ’n Eksperimentele kwantitatiewe benadering is die mees geskikte een vir die huidige studie. ’n In vitro-eksperimentele studie met ’n deskriptiewe ontwerp is onder gekontroleerde laboratorium omstandighede aangewend. Die studie is by die Universitet van die Wes-Kaap (UWK) in April 2009 uitgevoer. Resultate Die steekproefgroote het bestaan uit 16 monsters waarvan twee gebruik is vir elke steriliseringsmetode, naamlik: twee (2) bottels en twee (2) koppies vir sonlig; twee (2) bottels en twee (2) koppies vir Milton™; twee (2) bottels en twee (2) koppies vir Sunlight™ skottelgoedopwasmiddel; en kontrole gereedskap wat bestaan het uit twee (2) bottels en twee (2) koppies. Die teikenbevolking vir die studie het bestaan uit voedingsbottels en -koppies vir suigelinge. Die analise vir die APC-kulture wat vergelyk is in die koppies vs. bottels om te bepaal of daar ’n beduidende verskil is tussen die gemiddelde bakterie-tellings, toon dat die gemiddelde bakterie-telling (op die In-skaal) is 6 cfu/ml en 9 cfu/ml vir die koppies en bottels respektiewelik. Die t-waarde is -1.17524. Aangesien die p-waarde 0.2595 is, is daar geen beduidende verskil gevind tussen die koppies en die bottels nie. Die E. coli-kulture is vergelyk in die koppies vs. bottels om te bepaal of daar ’n beduidende verskil tussen die gemiddelde bakterie-tellings is. Die uitslae wys dat die gemiddelde bakterie-telling (op die In-skaal) is 7cfu/ml en 7.6 cfu/ml vir koppies en bottels respektiewelik. Die t-waarde is -0.211902. Die p-waarde is 0.835237 en dus is daar geen beduidende verskil tussen koppies en bottels nie. Gevolgtrekking Die huidige studie toon dat daar geen beduidende verskil tussen die steriliseringsmetodes of tussen die gebruik van of bottels of koppies is nie. Dus, ’n studie met ’n groter steekproefgrootte word aanbeveel vir toekomstige navorsing. Aanbevelings Die navorser beveel aan dat toekomstige navorsers meer omvattende studies met ’n groter steekproefgrootte oor die onderwerp uitvoer. Studies met ’n groter steekproefgrootte sal veroorsaak dat die werklike verskille vanweë hul grootte genoegsaam sal wees, om beduidend te wees. Die gebruik van sonlig as ’n steriliseringsmetode vir die gereedskap van suigelinge word aanbeveel, aangesen dit beide tyd- en kostebesparend is. Sonlig is ’n goedkoop en maklik verkrygbare metode van sterilisasie; dus kan dit gebruik word deur gemeenskappe wat nie oor die nodige middele beskik nie, vanweë hul sosio-ekonomiese situasies.

Commercial sterilization of medical devices may be performed using electron beam irradiators, which operate at various electron energies. The potential for activating components of the devices has been discussed, with current standards stating that an electron energy greater than 10 MeV requires assessment of potential induced radioactivity. There does not appear to be a literature citation for this energy limit, but it is the accepted default assumption within the industry. This research was directed at evaluating potential activation in medical products sterilized in electron beam as a function of the electron maximum energy. Monte Carlo simulation of a surrogate medical device was used to calculate photon and neutron fields resulting from electron irradiation, which were used to calculate concentrations for several radionuclides. The predominant mechanism for inducing radioactivity is photoneutron production in metal elements. Other mechanisms, including photoneutron production in deuterium with subsequent neutron capture, neutron capture of the photoneutrons produced in metal elements, and isomeric excitation, are all possible means of inducing radioactivity in similar conditions, but none made a perceptible contribution to activation in these experiments. The experiments confirmed that 10 MeV is a conservative assumption that any lower energy does not create significant activation. However, in the absence of a limited number of elements, the amount of induced radioactivity at 11 MeV and 12 MeV could also be considered insignificant. When based on an estimate of the amount of metal present in a medical device, the sum-of-fractions comparison to the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission exempt concentration limits is less than unity for all energies below 12.1 MeV, which suggests that there is minimal probability of significant induced activity at energies above the generally-accepted standard 10 MeV upper energy limit. / text