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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The effect of random interpulse interval modulation on muscle fatigue

Indurthy, Maritha 24 July 2015 (has links)
During sustained voluntary contractions, the variability in motor unit interspike intervals increases with fatigue. This increase in variability may represent an adaptive mechanism to prevent fatigue. We investigated whether randomly modulating interpulse intervals (IPI) in a constant frequency stimulation protocol reduces force loss over time compared to a non-modulated constant frequency protocol. A second purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the M-wave in force generation during evoked contractions. Eight healthy subjects participated in three 3-minute fatigue protocols of the thenar muscles elicited by supramaximal stimulation of the median nerve. All three protocols had a mean IPI of 33.3ms and only differed in the type of modulation. One protocol consisted of 0% modulation ('Constant'), another protocol consisted of uniformly distributed modulation of [plus or minus]20% ('Variable'), and a third protocol consisted of ramped modulation from 0 to [plus or minus]20% ('Ramp'). There was no significant difference between overall force-time integrals for the three protocols. There was a significant reduction in M-wave amplitude for all three protocols; however, the M-wave immediately following the 'Ramp' protocol was significantly larger than the M-wave immediately following the 'Constant' protocol. We conclude that modulation is ineffective at preserving force output and somewhat effective at preserving the M-wave amplitude. The varied reductions in fatigued M-waves suggest that it is not necessarily a limiting factor in force output and that it was not necessarily linked to the force loss in this experiment. / text
2

Development of a Closed-loop for Measuring and Stimulating Peripheral Nervous System / Utveckling av en sluten slinga för mätning och stimulering av det perifera nervsystemet

Roy Hierro, Diego Ignacio January 2022 (has links)
Bioelectronic medicine is an emerging discipline being a intersection of neu- roscience, immunology and electrical engineering. Chronic inflammation is linked to disorders such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, atheroscle- rosis, obesity and inflammatory bowel disease. Chronic inflammatory diseases have been recognized as the most significant cause of death in the world today, with more than 50% of all deaths being attributable to inflammation-related diseases. To find specific parameters for the stimulation of the vagus nerve would be a major advancement in the field, since it will help restore the vagal tone optimally. A systematic review has been made to understand and explore the tissue damage, stimulation sites, FDA approved parameters and the safety and efficacy in vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). A control closed- loop system was developed based on the needs of the field and a human clinical trial protocol was proposed.    The control close-loop system is able to receive feedback from a continuous real-time measurement of the pressure of the peripheral blood flow and send a VNS based on a heart rate (HR) settled threshold. The stimulation is delivered with previously settled parameters such as, pulse width, output current, duty cycle and frequency and helps observe if the nerve has been correctly targeted or not. From the results, it becomes clear that the connection of the devices has been correctly accomplished and that the HR reduction is being measured by the control close-loop which would stimulate again when the HR threshold is surpassed. Based on the concept of this control close-loop a human protocol has been proposed to test if the hypothesis that patients have their best inflammatory response with different output current rather than all having one best performing one and that non-healthy patients will lower their HR baseline after VNS treatment showing the increase of vagus nerve activity. This report adds value on the creation of a new control close-loop device between the MouseOx and Intan devices. Controlling the stimulation parameters in VNS can be a powerful technique that will increase patient specificity and will help non respondents to different drug treatments to have a more effective alternative. The HR is a simple biomarker to detect VNS bioactivity but lots of further research on non-invasive devices and software limitations are still needed to be overcome to have clear guidance in the field. The proposal of a new human clinical trial that might give a clear and feasible solution to either find an efficient stimulation setting or the assurance of the real need for an interactive control close-loop system that would tailor the stimulation parameters for each specific patient is presented. / Bioelektronisk medicin är en framväxande disciplin som är en skärningspunkt mellan neurovetenskap, immunologi och elektroteknik. Kronisk inflamma- tion är kopplad till sjukdomar som diabetes, reumatoid artrit, astma, åder- förkalkning, fetma och inflammatoriska tarmsjukdomar som är den vanligaste dödsorsaken i världen idag. Att hitta specifika parametrar för stimulering av vagusnerven skulle vara ett stort framsteg på området, eftersom det hjälper till att återställa vagustonen optimalt. En systematisk översyn har gjorts för att förstå och utforska vävnadsskadan, stimuleringsställena, FDA-godkända parametrar och säkerheten och effekten i VNS. Ett kontrollsystem med slutet kretslopp utvecklades baserat på fältets behov och ett protokoll för kliniska prövningar för människor föreslogs. Kontrollsystemet kan ta emot feedback från en kontinuerlig realtidsmätning av trycket i det perifera blodflödet och skicka en VNS baserat på en HR-bestämd tröskel. Stimuleringen levereras med tidigare inställda parametrar såsom pulsbredd, utström, arbetscykel och frekvens. Av resultaten blir det tydligt att anslutningen av enheterna har åstadkommits korrekt och att HR-reduktionen mäts av kontrollens slutslinga som skulle stimulera igen när HR-tröskeln överskrids. Baserat på konceptet med denna kontroll close-loop har ett mänskligt protokoll föreslagits för att testa om hypotesen att patienter har sitt bästa inflammatoriska svar med olika utström snarare än att alla har en bäst presterande och att icke-friska patienter kommer att sänka sin HR baslinje efter VNS-behandling som visar ökningen av vagusnervens aktivitet. Den här rapporten ger ett mervärde när det gäller skapandet av en ny kontrollenhet mellan MouseOx- och Intan-enheterna. Att kontrollera stimuleringsparametrarna i VNS kan vara en kraftfull teknik som kommer att öka patientspecificiteten och som hjälper icke-respondenter till olika läkemedelsbehandlingar att få ett mer effektivt alternativ. HR är en enkel biomarkör för att upptäcka VNS-bioaktivitet, men massor av ytterli- gare forskning om icke-invasiva enheter och mjukvarubegränsningar behövs fortfarande för att få en tydlig vägledning på området. Förslaget om en ny klinisk prövning på människa som kan ge en tydlig och genomförbar lösning för att antingen hitta effektiva stimuleringsmiljöer eller försäkran om det verkliga behovet av ett interaktivt kontrollsystem med nära slinga som skulle skräddarsy stimuleringsparametrarna för varje specifik patient presenteras.

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