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Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is a common dermatosis, defined as a genetic-based disease, which predisposes to cutaneous inflammation and pruritus, mediated by class IgE immunoglobulins directed against specific antigens in most cases. Clinical diagnosis may be later complemented by skin allergic and/or serological tests (ELISA). The aim of these tests is to identify possible allergens in order to enable the clinicians to select candidate antigens for allergen specific immunotherapy. This work aimed to identify the sensitization profile of 58 dogs with atopic dermatitis diagnosis. All animals were submitted to intradermic test (IDT) and screened for the presence of antibodies against different allergens using a serologic test. House dust mites are described as the most frequent allergens in all continents. However, the positivity to C. dactylon is not commonly described and may be characteristic for the region. With this work it was possible to identify the main allergens involved in the immunologic response of atopic dogs residing in Rio Grande do Sul, pointing to the importance to include C. dactylon in screening tests for allergy. / A dermatite atópica canina (DAC) é uma dermatose comum, definida como uma doença de cunho genético que predispõe à inflamação e ao prurido cutâneo, mediada por imunoglobulinas da classe IgE dirigidas contra antígenos específicos na maior parte dos casos. O diagnóstico da DAC é clínico e pode ser posteriormente complementado por testes alérgicos cutâneos e/ou sorológicos. O objetivo desses testes é identificar possíveis alérgenos e, com isso, possibilitar ao clínico a seleção de antígenos candidatos para a imunoterapia alérgeno-específica. No presente trabalho buscou-se identificar o perfil de sensibilização de 58 cães diagnosticados com dermatite atópica. Todos os animais foram submetidos ao teste intradérmico (TID) e à detecção de anticorpos específicos para diferentes alérgenos através de teste sorológico (ELISA). Os ácaros domiciliares são descritos como os alérgenos mais frequentes em todos os continentes. Entretanto, a positividade ao C. dactylon não é usualmente descrita e pode ser característica da região. Com esse trabalho foi possível identificar os principais alérgenos envolvidos na resposta imunológica de cães atópicos residentes no Rio Grande do Sul, ressaltando-se a importância da inclusão do extrato de C. dactylon em testes alérgicos.

Notre volonté d'économiser l'énergie nous pousse à vivre dans un environnement confiné favorisant les acariens et les micro-organismes. L'objectif de la thèse est de caractériser la contamination en acariens et en micro-organismes des logements de patients présentant des pathologies respiratoires, d'évaluer l'influence des interactions acariens/moisissures sur l'exposition aux allergènes et de comprendre les facteurs favorisant la pollution biologique de l'air intérieur. Afin de disposer d'un outil commun aux acariens et aux micro-organismes, un modèle innovant de quantification des acariens pas qPCR a été mis au point. Les acariens de stockage sont sous-estimés et les mesures d'éviction doivent être appliquées à l'ensemble de l'habitat. L'observation des interactions acariens/moisissures a montré une vraie relation symbiotique: dispersion des moisissures et apports des nutriments essentiels aux acariens. La contamination des logements de producteurs laitiers atteint de BPCO a été comparée à celle de producteurs laitiers sains, de patients BPCO non­-agriculteurs et de sujets sains non-agriculteurs. L'exposition agricole est abondante et spécifique à certains micro­organismes caractéristiques de la ferme et la sensibilité IgG à Wallemia sebi est spécifique des producteurs laitiers BPCO Le suivi de l'impact du compostage sur la qualité biologique de l'air intérieur a démontré une augmentation des concentrations en acariens de stockage et certaines moisissures circonscrite au bio-seau. De nouveaux indicateurs communs aux acariens, aux moisissures et aux bactéries devraient nous permettre de progresser dans la détermination de la relation dose/effet. / Our will to save energy leads us to live in a confined environment providing the ideal conditions to mites and microorganisms development. The aim of the thesis is to characterize mites and microorganisms contamination of dwellings from patients suffering respiratory diseases, to estimate the influence of the interactions between various organic communities on the allergens exposure and to understand the factors increasing the biological pollution ofindoor air. To evaluate our exposition, we needed to quantify mites and microorganisms with a common tool and an innovative quantification mode! of domestic mites by qPCR was developed. The presence of storage mites is overemphasized in dwellings of allergie patients and the eviction measures of mites should be applied into any rooms of dwellings. The contamination of dairy fanners' dwellings suffering from COPD was compared with that ofhealthy dairy fanners, COPC patients non-farmers and healthy non-fanners. In dwellings, the dairy fanners' exposure was important and specific ofth1 fanning environment. The lgG sensitivity to Wallemia sebi was significantly specific of dairy fanners suffering from COPD. The impact of the composting on the biological air quality was evaluated and the concentrations in storage mites and some molds increased significantly only in a confined area around the waste bin. New common indicators of domestic mites, molds and bacteria should allow us to progress in the determination of the dose-response relationship for the different allergens and their possible synergie effects.