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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The global climate is creating more ice-free waters in the Arctic. These new navigation possibilities around the Arctic lead to increased global trade, tourism, and oil and gas exploration. With the foreseeable increased nautical transportation through the Northwest Passage, the United States needs to revisit its security posture in and around the Bering Strait. At least five different grand strategies are potentially relevant in addressing this question. By comparing the suggestions of these leading grand strategy approaches to what has actually been implemented by the United States in the Strait of Hormuz, the Strait of Malacca, and the Panama Canal, similarities emerge that can help the United States shape their strategy for the defending of its national interests in the Bering Strait. By testing the different grand strategies against three reasonably similar cases, I find that a forward military presence and supporting a liberal institutionalist approach are the two key aspects that the United States should employ in the Bering Strait. Increasing and improving the military presence that the United States has in the region should be a top priority. In addition, supporting the Arctic Council would provide an increased level of security to the United States and other nations in the region. This strategy is not without its challenges and it will require artful statecraft in order to be successful.

Le golfe Persique est depuis toujours le carrefour du commerce mondial. Cette mer est aujourd’hui la voie vitale de l’approvisionnement énergétique mondial. Selon les statistiques, chaque jour 18 millions baril de pétrole passent par cette mer et le détroit d’Ormuz. Parmi les pays côtiers du golfe Persique le rôle de l’Iran est le plus important en raison de sa position géographique. L’Iran, avec ses 1200 kilomètres de côte, possède le plus large littoral dans le golfe Persique et est également l’un des deux États riverains du détroit d’Ormuz, la seule voie de communication maritime du golfe Persique avec le monde entier. C’est pourquoi la politique maritime de l’Iran et sa législation concernant le droit de la mer sont déterminantes dans la région et c’est la question que nous nous sommes proposé d’aborder dans la présente thèse. / The Persian Gulf has always been the crossroad of world trade. The Persian Gulf is today the vital corridor of global energy supply. According to statistics 18 million barrels of oil pass through this sea and the Strait of Hormuz every day. Among the coastal countries of the Persian Gulf the role of Iran is crucial due to its geographical location. Iran, with 1200 km, has the widest coastline on the Persian Gulf, it is also one of the two coastal states to the Strait of Hormuz wich is the only shipping route of the Persian Gulf to the rest of the world. This is why Iran's maritime policy and its law of the sea legislation are critical in the region. This thesis tries to explore these policies and legislations of Iran.