Thesis (MA(Psychology))-University of Pretoria, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-03-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:38:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 galbiattifilho_ja_me_assis.pdf: 159300 bytes, checksum: db2123b2d88b3d6467673b448a260f49 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Nesta pesquisa realizamos um estudo sócio-moral cujo objetivo foi verificar quais regras e noções de justiça são abstraídas por crianças de rua submetidas à apreciação de uma situação hipotética de conflito envolvendo agressão. Utilizando o método clínico de Piaget e tendo por base suas idéias sobre o juízo moral, observamos e entrevistamos 20 crianças de rua, de sete a treze anos, do sexo do sexo masculino, que freqüentam uma Casa Abrigo localizada na cidade de Jaboticabal (SP). Os dados foram analisados e classificados conformes as tendências de desenvolvimento moral e noções de justiça propostas por Piaget. Os resultados mostraram que as crianças, diante de uma situação de agressão, demonstram mais características heterônomas em suas respostas. As noções de justiça concentram-se entre retributivas e distributivas. Conclui-se que a agressão é uma característica enraizada na formação da moral da criança de rua e que influência fortemente o seu desenvolvimento. Sendo a agressão uma poderosa forma aprendida de resolver problemas em seu contexto de vida, nela espelha-se para solucionar os conflitos do cotidiano. / In this research we carried out a sociomoral study whose objective was to verify which rules and notions of justice are abstracted by street children subject to observation from a hypothetical situation of conflict involving assault. Applying the clinical method of Piaget and having as base his ideas about moral judgment, we observed and interviewed 20 male street children, from seven to thirteen years old, who often stay in a shelter located in the city of Jaboticabal (SP). The data were analyzed and classified according to the trends of moral development and notions of justice proposed by Piaget. The results showed that the children, under a situation of assault, exhibit more self-serving cognitive distortion characteristics in their responses. The notions of justice constrict in rewarding and distributing ones. We can conclude that the assault is an embedded characteristic in the moral formation of the street child, and that affects directly the child's development. Once the learned pattern to solve problems in the child's life context is the assault , it is in that that the he or she rests to resolve his or her everyday conflicts.

This study unleashes the harsh realities of living and working on the street in Pretoria, South Africa. The study focuses on connections between street children, sexuality and HIV and AIDS. Understanding how street children live and how they obtain their information are major contributors in trying to help solve this global crisis. Therefore, the goal of the study is to explore street children’s knowledge of sexuality, HIV, and AIDS in Pretoria, South Africa through using a qualitative research approach. The researcher’s choice of using a qualitative research approach results in an in-depth personal investigation of a sample of Pretoria’s street children’s. The researcher used snowball sampling and by asking other street children where to find the participants. Through this sampling method, credibility of the researcher and confidence by the participants grew and allowed for the researcher to obtain the necessary information needed through a semi-structured one-to-one interview as the method data collection. As defined in the text by the researcher street children are individuals under the age of 18 who primarily cohabit on the street, survive on their surroundings, and may have no parents or guardians. There are millions of street children globally who flee to the streets for a variety of reasons. These motivations can include the need to raise money for themselves or family members. The children could possibly encounter physical or emotional familial abuse or have no family or support system to help them grow as individuals. There are many more concerns that the children have which create the feel or ‘need’ for them to flee towards street life. The findings derived from the interviews have been analyzed and categorized into themes and sub themes, in association with questions asked in the semi-structured one-on-one interviews using an interview schedule. There were two themes identified through this study, theme 1 is sexuality followed by the 5 sub themes in this category being: intimate and/or sexual relationships, support base, body image, understanding key concepts and sexual behaviour. Theme 2 is HIV and AIDS and the sub themes that correlate with this theme are general knowledge of HIV and AIDS, information distribution,transmission, prevention, the effect of HIV on street children and treatment. Through interviewing fifteen street children these individuals opened up by talking about their lives on the street, their sexuality, including sexual and non-sexual relationships, how they feel about themselves as sexual beings and as children living on the street. In addition, what they know about HIV and AIDS, their relationships with those who are infected, how it has influenced their lives and what they know about this global epidemic. Knowing where these 12 to 17 year old participants receive their information can help for future programme development and distribution of information on sexuality and HIV and AIDS, to keep the streets safer from such unfortunate circumstances. Some key findings in this study address the lack of knowledge street children have about themselves as sexual beings and their lack of knowledge regarding HIV and AIDS. The children hustle for money in many different manors including selling their bodies for money and standing on street corners begging. Although some of the participants are educated, their lack of support systems and scrutiny for the community they live in and possibly family members leaves little room for growth and development in society. The recommendations are arranged to target the themes and sub themes. Some of the recommendations include governmental and nongovernmental help with increased volunteerism, information distribution, job creation, housing, shelters, education and support. Many of the children have lost someone due to HIV or AIDS. Children living on the streets are surrounded by AIDS daily and the matter of fact is, that if one talks about HIV they have to talk about sex. This leads individuals to questions surrounding sexuality and their bodies. This study helps to understand children’s views of these topics. Copyright / Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (MEd)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There are an estimated 10 000 children in and around the streets of South Africa, with the speculation that this could be higher, given the difficulties surrounding the counting of the street children. Not all street children live on the streets permanently: many spend their days there mainly for economic reasons earning an income, then spend their nights at their homes or those of friends and relatives. Others go to the street as an alternative to going to school or, in an effort to avoid parents or caregivers who show little interest in their lives, or who force them onto the street to earn money. It is particularly children that have not become permanent residents of the street and that are part of community-based home schools, that are the focus of this study. A· qualitative approach is used to establish the experiences of these children in a residential area in the northern suburbs of Cape Town. The study revealed the following: • Community-based home schools provide children with basic needs like food, clothing and importantly, a trusting relationship with an adult. • Children's lives are restored in a non-threatening environment, assisting them to regain their dignity, establish healthier selfconcepts as well as higher self-esteem. Once these basic needs are fulfilled, it became evident that children are able to return to the experience of mainstream school and in so doing face the world with renewed fervour. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Na beraming is daar omtrent 10 000 straatkinders in Suid Afrika. Daar word gespekuleer dat die getal hoër kan wees as gevolg van die probleme met die tel van straatkinders. Nie alle straatkinders leef permanent op die strate nie. Baie spandeer hul dae op straat slegs vir ekonomiese gewin waar hulle 'n inkomste verdien, en slaap snags by hul huise óf by vriende óf familie. Ander leef op die straat as 'n alternatief om skool toe te gaan. Hulle doen dit ook om hulouers of voogde te vermy wat min aandag aan hulle skenk of wie die kinders forseer om geld op die straat te verdien. Dit is veral kinders wat nie permanent op die straat lewe nie, en deel is van huisskole, wat die fokus is van hierdie studie. 'n Kwalitatiewe benadering is gebruik om die ervarings van hierdie kinders in 'n gemeenskap in die noordelike voorstede te bewerkstellig. Die studie het die volgende getoon: • Gemeenskapsgebaseerde huisskole voorsien kinders met die basiese benodighede soos kos, klere en baie belangrik, die vertroue van 'n verhouding met' n volwassene. • Die kinders se lewens word herstel in 'n omgewing wat nie bedreigend is nie en wat hulle help om hul waardigheid te herwin en om 'n gesonde selfkonsep en hoër selfbeeld te vestig. • Wanneer hierdie basiese benodighede vervul is, het dit duidelik geword dat hierdie kinders kon terugkeer na die hoofstroom-skool ervaring en op hierdie manier kon hulle die wêreld met hernuwe ywer aanpak.

The phenomenon of children living and/or working on the streets is universal, in particular in developing countries in Africa including South Africa. Causal factors are complex, multidimensional and inter-related and are mainly social and economic. They impact on three social institutions: school, community and family, which are the primary agents of socialisation. Children living and/or working on the streets are exposed to hazardous challenges: diseases; poor health; poor living conditions; crime and violence; arrest and incarceration; alcohol abuse; drug and sexual abuse; poor and exploitative working conditions. Consequently, they learn and internalise the survival culture as a coping mechanism. They suffer socio-economic exclusion in that living on the streets excludes them from participating meaningfully in life of mainstream society. The exclusion is derived from the general public's perception of children living and/or working on the streets, which is derived and shaped by media and sees them as criminals or in need of care. Society responded to the challenges of the phenomenon through shelter programs of intervention and reintegration. However, the efforts of NGOs and shelters have become inconsequential due to the rising numbers and increase their population. This intensifies demands on existing facilities and resources. Research on shelters did not gain any momentum comparative to studies on causative factors of the phenomenon. This situation plausibly could have arisen due to society's acceptance that shelters intervention and reintegration programs were adequately meeting and addressing the plight of children living and/or working on the streets. Yet shelters viewed as human service organisations have their organisational procedures and structures, which either hinder or facilitate the intervention and reintegration of children into the mainstream society. This study focuses on four shelters for children living and/or working on the streets in Durban. Social exclusion and/organisation theories informed the theoretical framework of the research. The enquiry applied a qualitative paradigm whereby individual interviews with shelter managers were conducted. Focus group discussions were conducted each separately with staff and children from the four shelters. The technique revealed valuable information about the experiences of children, staff and shelter managers as they interact and interface in the course of providing and receiving shelters services and in the implementation of intervention and reintegration programs. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2004.

This research is a result of prolonged work with children and youth on the streets of Durban Central Business District (CBD). This research process started in 2008 during my third year social work practice and in 2009 as part fulfilment of my social work bachelor’s degree. My contemporaries and I conducted a study on survival strategies of children and youth living on the streets of Durban CBD. It was during this period that we began to encounter organizational dynamics that we thought needed further study. The study sought to understand those inter and intra-organizational factors that have impact on their work with children and youth. This qualitative study used data source triangulation, incorporating in-depth interviews, journal notes and analysis of texts. The study was informed by critical theory. Of central importance in this study was critical discourse analysis as a research design and method of data analysis. This study found that some of the organizations, established to assist children and youth living on the streets, actually do present obstacles to their integral development. Children and youth migrate to towns and cities in search of a better life. When on the streets, children are caught up in organizational dynamics that have profound impact on their lives. It is this interface between the organizations themselves and the children that this research critically interrogated. Organizational dynamics, as reflected in this dissertation, present a threat to children’s and youth’s sense of future and the programmes and models being used need to be re-thought. Based on the main findings of the study, policy and practice recommendations are made in respect of promoting the welfare of children and youth living on the streets. / Thesis (M.A.)-Universiity of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2011.

M.Ed. (Educational Psychology) / The street child that is driven by circumstances to Jive outside the supportive structure of the family, is on his own. He doesn't have the educational developmental opportunities that children who grow up in families and societies do. He finds himself in a unique educational and living environment. From an educational psychologist point of view, this environment is abnormal. It is therefore a great challenge for the educational psychologist to try and avoid or resolve negative effects of the child's living environment. The aim of the study is to investigate and describe the experiences of the Hillbrow street child, as well as to determine guidelines for supporting these children. An exploratory-, descriptive-, contextual- and qualitative study was done, with the aim of gaining insight and understanding into the life of the street child in Hillbrow as well as his experiences of his situation. The phenomenological interview was used to gather data. The interviews were recorded on a tape recorder and later transcribed. The purposive sample consists of four street children who were selected specifically for the study. The data was processed according to a combination of the Giorgi's & Kerlinger's methods. The results obtained from the interviews were placed in four categories. These categories are: The street child's continuous struggle to survive, his need for a 'normal child life', his inability to accept responsibility and the presence of a normative awareness within the street child. Guidelines for supportive action towards street children by the educational psychologist are discussed in regard to the four categories. These categories are interdependent, as work in one category inevitably influences the other categories. For this reason the educational psychologist's supportive action needs to be holistic to include all four categories. In conclusion it is clear that the experiences of the street child are multi-faceted. In general it appears that the street child has many limitations and difficulties which he experiences, and that input by an educational psychologist can have meaningful influence in his life.

MPM / Department of Public and Development Administration / See the attached abstract below