Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This thesis seeks to examine the making of official policies on street trading in Cape Town’s city centre and the impact of such policies. It covers an extensive period from colonial times to the Union era and from apartheid to democracy. The local government and its role in controlling the trade is the centre of focus but the thesis also explores how the oral testimonies of street traders in the city centre contribute to our understanding of the activity as well as the impact of policy. This thesis poses several questions. What influences policy? What is the impact of policy? Are there continuities or discontinuities in policy? How does one understand street trading and the impact of policy from the perspectives of street traders themselves? Given that there are significant studies of street trading in other municipalities, how does a history of street trading in Cape Town compare? Is there anything distinctive about Cape Town?` Several factors have influenced policy. These have been similar to other local authorities. These have been the desire to raise revenue for the city, to protect the interest of established businesses who feared competition from street traders, the city’s desire to maintain a clean, beautiful and orderly city, as well as traffic and sanitation considerations. Like other local authorities, strategies have included: issuing licenses to street traders and the development and implementation of street trading regulations which either restricted or prohibited street trading. In contrast to studies of other cities, this thesis explores the practice of registration as a measure of control which nonetheless confers rights. This thesis marks the 1980s as representing a decisive shift in policy from one characterized by the prosecution of street traders to a more sympathetic and supportive approach towards street traders. The post-apartheid context saw significant changes in policy motivated by the desire to seek solutions to unemployment and poverty alleviation. Thus permanent stands for street traders in the city centre have been provided, traders have been involved in decision making and power has been devolved to associations. The latter practice has been significant in Cape Town. This thesis has also found that out of the major South African cities, Cape Town comes after Johannesburg in having progressive street trader policies. This measure of progressive is seen in the number of street traders, in the provision of infrastructure such as stands and the encouragement of the sector. While the Cape Town city council has a developmental continuum plan which sees street trading leading to formal businesses, it has yet to put resources to further this. Oral histories have been particularly useful in highlighting that street trading is not only the occupation of the urban poor. This thesis highlights individuals with skills and education and who see the sector as bearing many advantages. The thesis points to the sector as being differentiated. Further, the distinction between the formal and informal gets blurred in the contemporary era. This thesis highlights the hereditary nature of street trading in Cape Town thus challenging ideas of street trading as a transitory occupation. With regard to policy, interviews highlighted the negative impact of policy during apartheid. While traders see the advantages of the democratic era, they nonetheless argue too that the encouragement of the sector has seen an increase in the number of street traders but no significant increase in a customer base. There is thus some nostalgia for the pre-1994 years. This study has allowed one to track continuity and discontinuity and to explore the idea of a progressive policy and to make comparisons with other cities drawing from official and oral sources.

Informal street trading has played a role in the decline of the inner city. In restoring the inner city to its splendor and attracting people plus investments back into it, there has been an acknowledgement of informal street trading and a move to organise the activity. The City of Johannesburg has taken action towards dealing with informal street trading within the CBD by having trading and non-trading zones, constructing markets and providing stalls along pavements in busy streets from where traders can sell. This study was carried out as a response to the major issue at hand of cleaning up the city and ridding the streets of informal traders and only letting them trade in a controlled manner preferably in enclosed markets. While not dwelling on matters of whether regulating traders is good or bad, the main purpose of the study was to probe into the systemisation of informal street trading in the CBD, further investigating the alternative of a street market as that which can be done in other parts of the inner city as a means of keeping the vibrancy of the city through the provision of minimal infrastructure. Hence, this study explored the functionality of a street market plus certain issues pertaining to informal street trading in terms of what is being done in regulating the activity, whether trading permits are being issued and whether traders are more secure trading from designated trading areas. The outcomes were then used to outline any lessons learned from the case study that can in turn be applied or be used as an insight to other parts of the inner city. In analysing informal street trading in the inner city and Kerk Street, street market it was shown that the provision of minimal infrastructure through a street market enables informal street trading to be controlled and managed in a well organised open environment while maintaining a vibrant area in which both traders and passer-bys are able to interact.

Thesis (M. Dev.) -- University of Limpopo, 2016 / Socio-economic changes in the City of Polokwane have compelled many unemployed people to start street trading. Street trading is fraught with many challenges, such as lack of transportation, physical infrastructure, and access for funding, change of local municipality by-laws, lack of support and other related economic development issues. This study is concerned with the factors that hamper the development of street trading, economic growth and development in the City of Polokwane. The study tried to develop effective strategies that will enhance the capacity of street traders and change the perception of stakeholders to support street trading. In this study, a mixed research design was used to investigate the impact of street trading towards economic development in the area of the study. This study also used context-focus of the City of Polokwane as its springboard in engaging in this sometime daunting subject. Surely, with all the changes in the current socio- economic development, there is a need to review the impact of street trading towards economic development in the City of Polokwane. As stipulated in the study, the City of Polokwane should invest in training to enhance street traders` effectiveness so as to have an impact on the economic development in the city. To accelerate this process, the stakeholders should be encouraged to support street traders so as to improve the status of economic growth in the area.

Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-11T15:07:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Orlando Almeida dos Santos.pdf: 9128787 bytes, checksum: 273c1486b698a97fefe8a94330739d65 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-15T15:13:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Orlando Almeida dos Santos.pdf: 9128787 bytes, checksum: 273c1486b698a97fefe8a94330739d65 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-15T15:13:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese de Orlando Almeida dos Santos.pdf: 9128787 bytes, checksum: 273c1486b698a97fefe8a94330739d65 (MD5) / CAPES / Nesta tese analiso o cotidiano e as práticas do comércio de rua no Centro Antigo de Salvador sob o olhar da contemporaneidade, situando os contextos históricos nos quais se desenvolveram essas atividades. Busco refletir sobre as experiências relativas aos saberes e práticas mantidas e/ou adaptadas pelas populações bem como as relações sociais e as questões de territorialidade no contexto das suas trajetórias de vida. As reflexões sobre o mercado de trabalho local englobam o seu passado urbano, seus atuais aspectos e as configurações comerciais que representam um perfil marcante da cidade, desde a época colonial. Argumento que existe um conjunto especifico de atividades importantes no passado, com um peso social significativo na capital baiana e que, apesar disso, foram combatidas pelas políticas higiênico-sanitárias da colônia e pelo crescimento produtivo das atuais práticas de comércio. Porém, através de uma resistência forjada em contextos de extremas desigualdades, ainda sobrevivem sob o estigma da marginalidade.In this thesis I analyze the everyday and street trade practices in Old Salvador from the perspective of contemporary, placing the historical contexts in which they developed these activities. I seek to reflect on the experiences related to knowledge and practices maintained and / or adapted by the people and the social relations and territorial issues in the context of their life histories. Reflections on the local labor market include its urban past, their current aspects and commercial settings that represent a striking profile of the city, from the colonial era. Argument that there is a specific set of important activities in the past, with a significant social weight in Salvador and that, nevertheless, were fought by the hygienic and sanitary policies of the colony and the productive growth of current trade practices. However, through a resistance forged in the extreme inequalities contexts, still survive under the stigma of marginality.

Magister Artium (Development Studies) - MA(DVS) / Street trading is a highly contested activity in South Africa because of the different interests held by the government, other stakeholders and street traders. The contradictory nature of the relationship between government and street traders has led to exclusionary policies and practices put in place by the government to regulate street trading. These exclusionary practices have negative effects on the livelihoods of street traders. Female traders are more vulnerable and at greater risk than their male counterparts. Organised labour movements have largely focused on formal sector workers, leaving the rights of informal workers largely unregulated. In recent years there has been an emergence of informal sector organisations seeking to protect the interests of street traders and influence informal trading policy. Although seldom researched, a number of informal sector organisations have emerged in South African cities. / 2023

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The constitution of the Republic of South Africa (1996) states that local governments are responsible for the creation of a socioeconomic environment that enables citizens to make a living for themselves. It is on the grounds of this responsibility that the study is based on the relationship between street traders and the City of Cape Town within the Cape Town CBD. This relationship is investigated with the aim of assessing what the nature of the relationship is between street traders and the City of Cape Town. A survey was conducted wherein 71 street traders were interviewed and to complement the survey interviews were conducted with individuals from local government and the private sector who deal with street traders on a daily basis. The survey results indicated that there is a positive relationship between traders and the City of Cape Town, but that local government does not live up to expectation when it comes to the facilitation of informal business development. At the hand off these findings; policy interventions are put forth that would lead to the creation of a facilitative relationship between the City of Cape Town and street traders. Proposed policy interventions are focussed on the improvement of channels of communication between street traders and local government. The proposed policy framework places emphasis on the active participation of local government in the formalisation process of informal traders. The study concludes by proposing policy intervention that would promote a facilitative relationship between street traders and local government and contribute to a sustainable street trading economy in Cape Town. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die grondwet van die Republiek van Suid Afrika (1996) daag elke plaaslike owerheid uit met die taak om ’n sosio-ekonomiese omgewing te skep wat dit vir landsburgers moontlik maak om ’n bestaan te kan maak. Dit is op grond van hierdie verantwoordelikheid dat die studie gebaseer is op die verhouding tussen straathandelaars, binne die sentrale sake kern, en Kaapstad se plaaslike owerheid. Die verhouding tussen straathandelaars en die Stad Kaapstad is ondersoek met die doel om die aard van die verhouding te omskryf. ’n Vraelys is uitgedeel aan 71 straathandelaars en om die opname te komplementeer is onderhoude gevoer met individue van beide die openbare en privaat sektor wat saam met straathandelaars werk op ’n daaglikse basis. Die resultate van die vraelys het gewys op die positiewe verhouding tussen handelaars en die Stad Kaapstad, alhoewel dit aan die lig gekom het dat plaaslike owerhede nie voldoen aan verwagtinge ten opsigte van die fasilitering van informele besigheidsontwikkeling nie. Beleidsmaatreëls wat ’n fasiliterende verhouding sou bewerkstellig; sowel as ’n beleidsraamwerk word voorgestel aan die hand van die bevindinge van die opname. Die voorstelle is grootliks gegrond op die verbetering van kommunikasie tussen die plaaslike owerhede en straathandelaars sowel as die aktiewe deelname van die plaaslike owerheid in die formaliseringsproses van informele handelaars. Deur die implementering van die voorgestelde beleidsmaatreëls is die studie van mening dat ’n fasiliterende verhouding tussen straathandelaars en plaaslike owerhede gevestig kan word met die doel om ’n bydra te maak tot ’n volhoubare straathandel-ekonomie in Kaapstad.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:46:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FrancicleziaSBS_DISSERT.pdf: 4243798 bytes, checksum: e0377ba74f20f24a3dc53161ad0304ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-31 / Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Norte / This paper discusses the expression of informality in contemporary capitalism. Thematic of relevance to the analysis of the reality of work today and the logic that moves the capital, its real presence in the lives of individuals. The street trading of Pau dos Ferros town, popularly known as "street market" was chosen as the search space. The main objective is to seize and examine the articulations and logic, present in the configuration of the street trading of this city, located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, explaining the functionality of informality for capitalist accumulation, but also for the reproduction of segments of the working class. Our analysis is based in the perspective of totality, trying to grasp the historical determinations of the phenomenon in focus. It includes the analysis of the mechanisms used by the capital to reproduce itself in the current historical context, which has been implicated in the composition of the labor markets of different countries and in various forms of exploitation to which workers in general are subject. It also means discussing the development of capitalism in Brazil, the logic that permeates its dependence, and especially the use of over-exploitation of labor, as a lever for internal accumulation. The course of investigation consisted of theoretical research to form the basis of theoretical and methodological analysis and to outline the context in which our research object is inserted, and field research conducted in two phases: systematic observation, which allowed to map traders features and the infrastructure of commerce, and the conduction of interviews with key informants. The material collected was scrutinized according to analytical scheme inspired by the content analysis. Among the main considerations developed from the research process we include: the street trading of Pau dos Ferros remains shrouded in the majority sale of agricultural products, this demonstrates the structural characteristics of the region. However, the supply of this product is no longer restricted to the excess of small local producers. The presence of the dealer changed the distribution of the product, streamlining it. In parallel, business practices are developed, practices in which traded goods (industrial) reflect the moment of capitalist restoration, a larger business network. The reflections also made it possible to show that street trading follows developing on the basis of informal work, which gains functionality to the system, as it is configured as a space commonly used to drain part of the production, of industries (clothing/shoes), especially if the distribution is considered as an essential element of the complex process that aims at capital appreciation. This activity has been functioning as a place of employment and income generation for the subjects who are away from formal employment, masking, this way, unemployment, moreover, they allow them to continue as consumers. Such expressions reflect the ability and the logic of capital to expand and aggregate into so many realities. It is underway today, the logic that has led many workers to join the project of domination of capital, by the illusory chance to become capitalists. The aim has been to turn the subject into a consumer and the worker an enterprising / Este trabalho discute as express?es da informalidade no capitalismo contempor?neo. Tem?tica de relev?ncia para a an?lise da realidade do trabalho, hoje, e da l?gica que move o capital, sua presen?a real na vida dos indiv?duos. O com?rcio de rua da cidade de Pau dos Ferros, conhecido popularmente como feira livre , foi escolhido como espa?o da pesquisa. O objetivo central ? apreender e analisar as articula??es e as l?gicas, presentes na configura??o do com?rcio de rua desta cidade, situada no estado do Rio grande do Norte, explicitando a funcionalidade da informalidade para a acumula??o capitalista, mas tamb?m para a reprodu??o de segmentos da classe trabalhadora. Assentamos nossa an?lise na perspectiva da totalidade, na tentativa de apreender as determina??es hist?ricas do fen?meno em foco. Compreende a an?lise dos mecanismos utilizados pelo capital para se reproduzir no atual contexto hist?rico, que tem implicado na composi??o dos mercados de trabalho dos diversos pa?ses, e nas diversas formas de explora??o a que os trabalhadores de um modo geral est?o submetidos. Implica, igualmente, na discuss?o do desenvolvimento do capitalismo em solo brasileiro, da l?gica que permeia sua depend?ncia e, principalmente, do recurso ? superexplora??o do trabalho, como alavanca para a acumula??o interna. O percurso da investiga??o compreendeu pesquisa te?rica para constituir as bases de an?lise te?rico-metodol?gica e delinear o contexto no qual se circunscreve nosso objeto de pesquisa, al?m de pesquisa de campo, realizada em duas fases: observa??o sistem?tica, que possibilitou mapear caracter?sticas dos comerciantes e da infraestrutura do com?rcio, e a realiza??o de entrevistas com informantes chaves. O material recolhido foi perscrutado com base em esquema anal?tico inspirado da an?lise de conte?do. Dentre as principais considera??es elaboradas a partir do processo de pesquisa, destacamos: o com?rcio de rua de Pau dos Ferros permanece envolto na venda majorit?ria de produtos agropecu?rios, isso demonstra as caracter?sticas estruturais da regi?o. Todavia, a oferta desse produto n?o mais se restringe ao excedente do pequeno produtor local. A presen?a do revendedor alterou a distribui??o desse produto, dinamizando-a. Em paralelo, se desenvolvem pr?ticas comerciais, cujas mercadorias negociadas (industrializados) refletem o momento de restaura??o capitalista, uma rede comercial mais ampla. As reflex?es possibilitaram, ainda, evidenciar que o com?rcio de rua segue se desenvolvendo na base do trabalho informal, o qual ganha funcionalidade para o sistema, na medida em que se configura como um espa?o comumente utilizado para escoar parte da produ??o das ind?strias (confec??o/cal?ados), sobretudo, se considerada a distribui??o como elemento essencial do processo complexo que objetiva ? valoriza??o do capital. Esta atividade vem funcionando como espa?o gerador de ocupa??o e renda para os sujeitos descartados dos empregos formais, mascarando com isto o desemprego, ademais, elas lhes permitem continuar quanto consumidores. Tais express?es refletem a capacidade e a l?gica do capital de se expandir e se agregar em realidades t?o diversas. Est? em curso, hoje, a l?gica que tem conduzido muitos trabalhadores ? ades?o ao projeto de domina??o do capital, pela ilus?ria possibilidade de se tornarem capitalistas. O objetivo tem sido transformar o sujeito em consumidor, e o trabalhador num empreendedor

Cette thèse consistait à étudier les marchés périodiques à Bangkok selon les objectifs suivants ; (1) étudier les modèles de développement et le processus de la naissance des activités commerciales appelées « marché périodique urbain » dans Bangkok (2) connaître les effets des marchés périodiques urbains, leur influence sur la ville et le comportement des habitants (3) connaître les éléments qui ont la potentialité de faire naître les marchés périodiques urbains en effectuant des études comparatives des marchés périodiques urbains qui sont apparus dans divers lieux. La première étape est l'étude des documents relatifs à cette étude. Les théories et les concepts relatifs à ce sujet ont été étudiés. Les variables principales sont ; la pauvreté et le statut de la population, la densité de la population et le système de contrôle étatique. Les variables secondaires sont ; les activités et les composants de la ville et le comportement des acheteurs et des vendeurs. L'étape suivante est la compilation d'informations de différentes organisations pour la classification de l'ensemble des marchés périodiques trouvés. Les fonctionnaires de l’État en charge de la réglementation ont été interrogés afin de comprendre le système de contrôle de telles activités. Nous avons également fait une observation et une interrogation des acheteurs et les vendeurs. Les statistiques de la population, le nombre des emplacements des marchés périodiques et les cartes ont été récoltés, afin d’analyser les relations de la densité des différents types de population avec tous les emplacements des marchés périodiques et les composantes urbaines. Enfin, nous avons sélectionné les trois marchés périodiques urbains pour faire une enquête sur les comportements des vendeurs et des acheteurs en utilisant les questionnaires. Les emplacements et leurs composants environnants ont été analysés pour une compréhension plus claire. Les résultats de cette étude sont (1) Le niveau des revenus de la population influe sur le choix d'un marché périodique, qui émerge en raison de la nécessité ou la demande d'un espace de vente et de marchandises à bas prix. Là, nous pouvons trouver les vendeurs qui font cette activité comme un travail supplémentaire, tandis que les acheteurs ont d'autres raisons telles que gagner du temps. (2) Les marchés périodiques apparaissent en général pour les acheteurs et les vendeurs d'une région éloignée venant à l'endroit à la certaine période de temps, plutôt que pour les gens dans les quartiers ou les environs eux-mêmes. Cela peut désigner la commodité des transports au point, où certaines activités réunissent les gens et donc un marché périodique se produit. (3) Les réglementations de l'État dépendent des caractéristiques des emplacements. L'Etat s’implique toujours dans l'émergence et l'existence d'un marché périodique dans le processus d'autorisation. Cependant, il a été constaté que des marchés périodiques à Bangkok peuvent facilement avoir lieu à cause du contrôle qui n’est pas trop strict. (4) Les petits marchés périodiques se dispersent généralement vers des endroits où les gens se rassemblent, comme les bureaux et les communautés. Les très grands marchés périodiques se trouvent dans des domaines spécifiques autorisées par l'Etat. Nous avons constaté que les activités dans un espace et les composants ne sont pas toujours les facteurs qui influent directement sur l'émergence des marchés périodiques. Des marchés périodiques peuvent exister dans les zones où il n'y a pas un grand nombre des gens qui se rassemblent, mais certains autres facteurs ont été créés pour les attirer. (5) Les comportements des vendeurs et des acheteurs varient avec les composants de l'espace, les gens et le nombre des jours de vente. Ce qui est plus important est que la plupart des acheteurs voient les marchés périodiques comme des lieux de détente plutôt que des lieux pour acheter des marchandises. / This research involved the study of periodic markets in Bangkok with the following objectives: (1) to study the development and emerging procedures of urban periodic markets in Bangkok, (2) to know the impact of urban periodic markets on the city and lifestyles of the population, and (3) to determine the factors leading to the emergence of urban periodic markets in Bangkok which will be useful for the study of other cities that have tendency for periodic markets. The first step of this work was the investigation of relevant documents and work, leading. Theories and concepts related to this type of market were also studied. Variables were then stipulated for the investigation of Bangkok area. The principle variables comprised poverty and population's income ranges, density of different population, namely, local people, students, workers, and tourists, and state's regulations. The supplementary variables were urban components and activities and behaviours of buyers and sellers. The next step was compilation of information from different organizations for the classification of the entire periodic markets found. State's officers in charge of activity regulations were interviewed in order to understand the control system. Buyers and sellers were interviewed and statistics on population, number, and locations of periodic markets including maps were compiled to analyze the relationships of density of different types of population, all periodic market locations, and urban components. Finally, the three selected urban periodic markets were studied on behaviours of sellers and buyers using questionnaire, and the locations together with surrounding components were investigated for clearer understanding. Following is the results of the study. (1) The level of incomes of the people affects the choice for a periodic market, which emerges due to the need for a selling space and low-price merchandise. However, this is not the major reason for other markets where buyers have higher purchasing power. There, we may find sellers who do it as a hobby or as a supplementary job, while buyers have other reasons such as time-saving. (2) Urban periodic markets usually emerge where both buyers and sellers from a remote area rather than areal people themselves come to the place at certain period of times. This may denote convenience of transportation at that point or some activities that gather people temporarily and hence a periodic market occurs. (3) The state's regulations depend on the areal characteristics. The state is always involved in the emergence and existence of a periodic market in the process of authorization. However, it was found that periodic markets in Bangkok could easily take place because the control is still not strict. (4) Small periodic markets usually disperse towards places where people gather, such as office areas, community areas. Big periodic markets are found in specific areas authorized by the state. We found that areal activities and components may not always be the factors directly affecting the emergence of periodic markets. Periodic markets can exist in areas where not a great number of people gather, but some other factors have been created to attract people. (5) The behaviours of sellers and buyers vary with the areal components, people, and the number of selling days. More importantly, buyers also see periodic markets as a place for relaxation rather than a place to buy merchandise. Thus, we frequently find a lot more teenagers in some markets than adults.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:16:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Indira Lazarine Catoto Monteiro.pdf: 2134263 bytes, checksum: 4597ad654933b4bfff77f406c57ec770 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-03 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This dissertation analysis the modes of living and of working of the zungueira woman or street vendor in Luanda, capital of Angola. Since period before the independence (1975), the country lives situations of extreme poverty and socioeconomic precariousness, that manifests by informal work activities and so much precarious street trading situated in the limits of the violation of rights. Angola has passed by a long armed conflict (1975-2002), with agglomeration of populations displaced by the war in the cities, making greater the social question and the resettlement of part of this population that is interested in return (2002) to your origin areas. This situation has worsened still more the social condition of the population in situation of poverty, making bigger the socioeconomic inequality, the insufficiency in the public policies, the precarious access to the basic social services as water, health, habitation, education and citizen participation. This process has triggered the development of survival strategies and made greater the number of people that have done the informal work, with expressive presence of the zungueira woman. This study wants to know and analyze the reality of this woman and provide visibility of the situation of extreme precariousness, like subsidy for the elaboration of public policies directed to the improvement of your conditions of life. By the realized interviews with zungueira women that resides in suburban neighborhoods of Luanda, the qualitative research analyzed the daily practices of those women in your link with the zunga, while the necessary survival strategy to the creation of life conditions and the significance of the street trading in your lives / Esta dissertação analisa os modos de vida e de trabalho da zungueira ou vendedora ambulante em Luanda, capital de Angola. Desde o período anterior à Independência (1975), o país vive em situação de extrema pobreza e precariedade socioeconômica, que se manifestam por meio de atividades de trabalho informal e comércio ambulante muito precarizado, situado nos limites da violação de direitos. Angola vivenciou um longo conflito armado (1975-2002), com aglomeração de populações deslocadas de guerra nas cidades, agudizando a questão social e o reassentamento de parcela desta população interessada em regressar (2002) às suas áreas de origem. Essa situação agravou ainda mais a condição social da população em situação de pobreza, aprofundando a desigualdade socioeconômica, a insuficiência das políticas públicas, o precário acesso aos serviços sociais básicos como água, saúde, habitação, educação e à participação cidadã. Esses processos desencadearam o desenvolvimento de estratégias de sobrevivência e o aumento do número de pessoas, que exerciam trabalho informal, com a presença expressiva da mulher que zunga. Este estudo pretende conhecer e analisar a realidade desta mulher e conferir visibilidade da situação de extrema precariedade, como subsídio para a elaboração de políticas públicas voltadas à melhoria de suas condições de vida. Por meio das entrevistas realizadas com zungueiras residentes em bairros suburbanos de Luanda, a pesquisa qualitativa analisou as práticas cotidianas dessas mulheres em seu vínculo com a zunga, enquanto estratégia de sobrevivência necessária à criação de condições de vida e o significado do comércio ambulante em suas vidas