<p>This study investigates ways in which migratory trajectories relate to the gradual insertion and eventual integration of immigrants. It therefore shows the contribution of social capital in the migration and insertion into the entrepreneurial city of the host country. The focus of the study is on immigrants of African origin. It is hypothesized that immigrants of different nationalities in South Africa use&nbsp / particular assets to engage in street vending as a way of insertion into their new environment. Data were obtained through a survey of two hundred and eight (208) respondents conveniently&nbsp / selected. The survey was carried out in five suburbs of Cape Town and as well as at some major road junctions where these vendors are found. The Statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. The results showed that nationality was an important determinant of the migratory trajectories of immigrant vendors. Migration has been on the increase with the&nbsp / improvement in technology and globalization. In the same light, migration into South African cities mainly from the rest of Africa and Asia took an upward trend especially after the fall of Apartheid&nbsp / Regime and the advent of democracy in the nineties. Street vendors form part of these immigrants in South Africa. Many of them especially from other African countries find it a suitable means of&nbsp / survival. Faced with the difficulty of getting jobs in South Africa, immigrants resort to informal trading as a starting point for survival. They may change to other activities depending on certain variables like duration of stay, level of education, age, sex, marital status, social capital and networks. Coming from different socioeconomic, cultural and political backgrounds, these immigrants&nbsp / resort to different ways of migrating and forms of adaptation aimed at sustaining their livelihood in their new environments. Most studies in the field of migration and entrepreneurship focus on&nbsp / remittances by the migrants as well as their impact on both their place of departure and on the place of destination. Little attention is paid to the way they migrate and how they insert themselves in the entrepreneurial city.<br /> &nbsp / </p>

<p>This study investigates ways in which migratory trajectories relate to the gradual insertion and eventual integration of immigrants. It therefore shows the contribution of social capital in the migration and insertion into the entrepreneurial city of the host country. The focus of the study is on immigrants of African origin. It is hypothesized that immigrants of different nationalities in South Africa use&nbsp / particular assets to engage in street vending as a way of insertion into their new environment. Data were obtained through a survey of two hundred and eight (208) respondents conveniently&nbsp / selected. The survey was carried out in five suburbs of Cape Town and as well as at some major road junctions where these vendors are found. The Statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. The results showed that nationality was an important determinant of the migratory trajectories of immigrant vendors. Migration has been on the increase with the&nbsp / improvement in technology and globalization. In the same light, migration into South African cities mainly from the rest of Africa and Asia took an upward trend especially after the fall of Apartheid&nbsp / Regime and the advent of democracy in the nineties. Street vendors form part of these immigrants in South Africa. Many of them especially from other African countries find it a suitable means of&nbsp / survival. Faced with the difficulty of getting jobs in South Africa, immigrants resort to informal trading as a starting point for survival. They may change to other activities depending on certain variables like duration of stay, level of education, age, sex, marital status, social capital and networks. Coming from different socioeconomic, cultural and political backgrounds, these immigrants&nbsp / resort to different ways of migrating and forms of adaptation aimed at sustaining their livelihood in their new environments. Most studies in the field of migration and entrepreneurship focus on&nbsp / remittances by the migrants as well as their impact on both their place of departure and on the place of destination. Little attention is paid to the way they migrate and how they insert themselves in the entrepreneurial city.<br /> &nbsp / </p>

Cinco hipóteses explicam a permanência do trabalho informal nos espaços públicos do Centro de São Paulo como ocupação precária e vulnerável: 1- Incapacidade estrutural do mercado de trabalho formal de absorção de mão-de-obra: informalidade como processo mundial e exceção permanente no formato do capitalismo brasileiro; 2- Desconhecimento do comércio informal de rua como produção do espaço urbano: modificação de atributos espaciais: valorização, competição, posse, etc.); 3- Exploração oportunista da clandestinidade dos trabalhadores na forma de corrupção e clientelismo; 4- Marketing urbano e Segregação Espacial: articulação entre as elites locais, Poder Público e agências multilaterais no intuito de promover a revitalização do perímetro estudado, expulsam ou isolam sistematicamente os trabalhadores de rua; 5- Inoperância das políticas públicas: o conhecimento insuficiente ou parcial do comércio de rua resulta na formulação de políticas públicas descoladas da realidade e, portanto, inoperantes. A partir dessas hipóteses,foi possível pensar parâmetros para políticas públicas que superem a polarização entre intolerância e permissividade em relação à atividade. / Five hypotheses explain streetvending in downtown Sao Paulo as a precarious and a vulnerable occupation: 1- Structural impermeability of formal labor market: informal sector as a global process, and as a permanent exception in brazilian capitalism; 2- Lack of awareness of streetvending as a production of urban space: transformation of spatial attributes - profit, competitiveness, ownership, etc.; 3- Opportunist exploitation over clandestine street vendors: corruption and patronage; 4- Urban marketing strategies and Spatial segregation: partnership among government, ruling elite and multi-lateral financial agencies in order to improve urban renewal, frequently isolate and gentrify against street vendors; 5- Innefective public policies - lack of understanding of streetvending results in unlikely public policies. Assuming these hypotheses, this research built public policies directions in order to overcome contradiction between intolerance and permissiveness.

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / This study investigates ways in which migratory trajectories relate to the gradual insertion and eventual integration of immigrants. It therefore shows the contribution of social capital in the migration and insertion into the entrepreneurial city of the host country. The focus of the study is on immigrants of African origin. It is hypothesized that immigrants of different nationalities in South Africa use particular assets to engage in street vending as a way of insertion into their new environment. Data were obtained through a survey of two hundred and eight (208) respondents conveniently selected. The survey was carried out in five suburbs of Cape Town and as well as at some major road junctions where these vendors are found. The Statistical package for Social Science (SPSS) was used to analyse the data. The results showed that nationality was an important determinant of the migratory trajectories of immigrant vendors.Migration has been on the increase with the improvement in technology and globalization. In the same light, migration into South African cities mainly from the rest of Africa and Asia took an upward trend especially after the fall of Apartheid Regime and the advent of democracy in the nineties. Street vendors form part of these immigrants in South Africa. Many of them especially from other African countries find it a suitable means of survival. Faced with the difficulty of getting jobs in South Africa, immigrants resort to informal trading as a starting point for survival.They may change to other activities depending on certain variables like duration of stay, level of education, age, sex, marital status, social capital and networks. Coming from different socioeconomic, cultural and political backgrounds, these immigrants resort to different ways of migrating and forms of adaptation aimed at sustaining their livelihood in their new environments.Most studies in the field of migration and entrepreneurship focus on remittances by the migrants as well as their impact on both their place of departure and on the place of destination. Little attention is paid to the way they migrate and how they insert themselves in the entrepreneurial city.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Romero RTS_DISSERT.pdf: 2393958 bytes, checksum: 2d568d51e26afdedacf433de6a4e99ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This study was based on the analysis and understanding of the dynamics of the lower circuit of the economy and the size of the street trading in the city of Mossoro (RN). The operationalization of the theory of the two circuits of the urban economy, based on Santos (2008a) was essential to understand the street trading as part of the entire city of Mossoro. It was given emphasis on the study of the lower circuit of the economy and its coverage in the street trading in the commercial center of the city, specifically in street trading in Coronel Gurgel. The dynamics of that street reveals the different ways that the territory is used simultaneously by different social actors as pedestrians, consumers, business owners, and especially by street vendors. These vendors occupy the spaces along the streets of the city commercial center, placing their tents or stalls, especially on sidewalks, excellent strategic locations for the marketing of their products, due to the large influx of people seeking goods and services nearby. As methodological and technical procedures for gathering primary data, we opted for the use of questionnaires and interviews, with many users of the lower circuit, both consumers and vendors. The analysis of these questionnaires, along with the theoretical background, has revealed that there are several social and political conflicts related to the use of public spaces, such as sidewalks and flowerbeds, in the city commercial center, and that these conflicts are increasingly demonstrating that vendors need a space endowed with infrastructure to conduct their activities. The lack of efficiency of the government, as well as the slowness of their actions to organize a space that is able to properly fit salespersons, constitutes one of the main problems faced by these small traders who have limited financial resources and materials to get their activities through in the globalized world. At the same time, this study revealed the importance of these agents, as the last link of the urban economy, in the distribution of various consumer goods, enabling the satisfaction of some needs of the population, especially the poorer people / Este estudo se fundamentou na an?lise e na compreens?o da din?mica do circuito inferior da economia e na dimens?o do com?rcio ambulante na cidade de Mossor? (RN). A operacionaliza??o da teoria dos dois circuitos da economia urbana, com base em Santos (2008a) foi imprescind?vel para se entender o com?rcio ambulante como parte da totalidade da cidade de Mossor?. Deu-se ?nfase ao estudo do circuito inferior da economia e sua abrang?ncia ilegal no centro comercial da cidade, mais especificamente no com?rcio ambulante na Rua Coronel Gurgel. A din?mica da referida rua revela as diferentes formas que o territ?rio ? usado, simultaneamente, por diversos agentes sociais como pedestres, consumidores, propriet?rios de estabelecimentos comerciais e, sobretudo, pelos vendedores ambulantes. Estes vendedores ocupam os espa?os do centro comercial, instalando suas barracas ou bancas, especialmente, nas cal?adas, locais estrat?gicos por excel?ncia, para a comercializa??o de seus produtos, devido ao grande fluxo pessoas que buscam bens e servi?os no local. Como procedimentos metodol?gicos e t?cnicos, para o levantamento de dados prim?rios, optou-se pela aplica??o de question?rios e realiza??o de entrevistas, com diversos usu?rios do circuito inferior, tanto consumidores, como vendedores. A an?lise destes question?rios, juntamente com o embasamento te?rico, nos revelou que existem v?rios conflitos sociais e pol?ticos ligados ao uso dos espa?os p?blicos, como cal?adas e canteiros, no centro comercial, e que estes conflitos demonstram cada vez mais que os ambulantes necessitam de um espa?o dotado de infraestrutura para a realiza??o de suas atividades. A falta de efici?ncia do poder p?blico, assim como a lentid?o de suas a??es, em organizar um espa?o que tenha condi??es de instalar adequadamente os vendedores ambulantes, se constitui como um dos principais problemas enfrentados por estes pequenos comerciantes, que disp?em de poucos recursos financeiros e materiais para desenvolverem suas atividades de sobreviv?ncia no mundo globalizado. Ao mesmo tempo, verificou-se a import?ncia desses agentes, enquanto ?ltimo elo do circuito da economia urbana, na distribui??o de v?rios bens consumo, possibilitando a satisfa??o de algumas necessidades da popula??o, em especial, da parcela com menor por aquisitivo

L'objet de cette recherche urbanistique se situe à l'intersection de deux grandes dynamiques : la production officielle de l'espace public dans la ville contemporaine et le développement de l'activité commerciale dans les rues. Il s'agit d'une coproduction de l'espace public de facto. Cette thèse, en se construisant à partir d'études de différents types de terrain à Nankin (Chine), souhaite lancer une réflexion sur l'image et l'usage, la régulation et l'inventivité du quotidien. Elle cherche à démontrer les dimensions cachées du commerce de rue et son impact dans la vie quotidienne des habitants, car sa valeur sociale a souvent été ignorée, voire méprisée, dans la régulation de l'espace public ou dans la mise en place de projets urbains / The core topic of this urban research is situated at the crossing of two important dynamics: the official production of public space in the contemporary city and the development of commercial activities in the streets. It is a co-production of public space de facto. The thesis, originated from studies conducted on different types on land in Nanjing (China), wants to encourage a reflection on the image, the use, the regulations and the creation of everyday life. The scope is to demonstrate the hidden dimensions of street commerce and its impact in the daily lives, because its social value has often been ignored or even despised in the regulation of public space or in urban projects operations