Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-11-06T12:05:45Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Diego Borja Ferreira - 2014.pdf: 6219798 bytes, checksum: 69378f98eb3e13b77abe804872211186 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-11-06T14:32:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Diego Borja Ferreira - 2014.pdf: 6219798 bytes, checksum: 69378f98eb3e13b77abe804872211186 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-06T14:32:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Diego Borja Ferreira - 2014.pdf: 6219798 bytes, checksum: 69378f98eb3e13b77abe804872211186 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-12 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Studying strengthening in reinforced concrete structures is an ever-growing necessity in civil construction. Flaws during design, execution, use, and maintenance, as well as the use of poor quality construction materials and a structure's functional change may all lead to this necessity. Strengthening a given structure is justified whenever it becomes necessary to increase its bearing capacity. The small number of studies which analyse the behaviour of strengthened structures makes it difficult to establish parameters that may contribute to designing such projects. This research assessed the behaviour of reinforced concrete columns under compression and one-way eccentricity, with an initial section of 120 mm x 250 mm and height of 2000 mm, strengthened in the compressed area with a 35 mm layer of self-compacting concrete. Connector screws were used as interaction reinforcement. The main variables were the connectors' position and steel rate. Strengthened columns showed an increase in rupture by approximately three times load due to the increase of connectors' rate. One of the problems detected was the concrete reinforcement layer spalling near the rupture load, whose solution requires further research. There was also a reduction in columns' horizontal displacements, caused by a decrease in ductility. These results show the effectiveness of the strengthening technique employed. / O estudo de reforço de estruturas de concreto armado cada vez mais se torna necessário na construção civil. As falhas nas etapas de projeto, de execução, uso e manutenção bem como o uso de materiais de construção de baixa qualidade podem levar a essa necessidade, somando-se a esse fator a mudança funcional da estrutura. O reforço de estrutura se justifica sempre que houver necessidade de aumentar sua capacidade portante. Existem poucos estudos do comportamento dessas estruturas reforçadas, o que dificulta a criação de parâmetros que contribuam para a elaboração desses projetos. Nesta pesquisa, foi avaliado o comportamento de pilares de concreto armado solicitados à compressão e com excentricidade em apenas uma direção, com uma seção inicial de 120 mm x 250 mm e altura de 2000 mm, reforçados na região comprimida com uma camada de 35 mm de concreto auto adensável. Como armadura de interação, foram utilizados parafusos conectores. Neste estudo, as principais variáveis são a posição e a taxa de aço dos conectores. Os pilares reforçados apresentaram aumento de aproximadamente três vezes da carga de ruptura, em função do aumento da taxa de conectores. Um dos problemas encontrados foi o desplacamento da camada de concreto do reforço próximo à carga de ruptura, sendo necessários outros estudos para solucionar esse fato. Ocorreu ainda uma redução dos deslocamentos horizontais dos pilares, devido à diminuição da ductilidade. Esses resultados mostram a eficiência da técnica de reforço adotada.

A presente pesquisa trata da investigação experimental do comportamento de pilares por meio de encamisamento com concreto de alta resistência. Os principais objetivos da pesquisa são estudar o comportamento ao longo do tempo e o efeito de précarregamento nos pilares reforçados. Foram ensaiados vinte modelos experimentais, variando-se a forma da seção transversal (circular e quadrada), a taxa de armadura transversal da camisa de reforço e a existência ou não de pré-carregamento. Foram também realizados ensaios complementares sobre pilares curtos de seção circular para observação dos efeitos de confinamento. Ensaios de caracterização dos concretos utilizados sob ações de longa duração foram realizados. Para estudar a influência da deformação lenta, simulou-se nesta pesquisa pilares de concreto armado submetidos a pré-carregamento, os quais foram mantidos durante um certo período de tempo numa câmara climatizada. Estes pilares foram reforçados sem que fosse retirada a força de pré-carregamento.Todos os pilares foram submetidos ensaios à compressão axial de curta duração por meio de uma máquina universal de ensaios servo-hidráulica, em modo de controle de deslocamento. Na análise dos resultados foram aplicados modelos de cálculo do efeito de confinamento, análise numérica pelo Método dos Elementos Finitos e outras formulações teóricas, para efeito de confrontação de resultados teóricos e experimentais. As principais conclusões são de que, no reforço por encamisamento de pilares, uma vez garantidas adequadas condições de confinamento: a capacidade resistente do pilar original pode ser totalmente considerada na avaliação da resistência do elemento reforçado; o efeito de pré-carregamento de um pilar reforçado não afeta a resistência última do elemento reforçado, mas pode afetar a sua deformabilidade. Além disso, na análise do comportamento dos pilares ao longo do tempo, pôde-se perceber que houve transferência de esforços entre o pilar original e a camisa de reforço, mas seu efeito foi pouco significativo em termos de alteração da capacidade resistente / The thesis presents an experimental investigation on the behavior of RC columns strengthened by high-performance concrete jackets. The main objectives are to analyze the immediate and time-dependant behavior of the elements and the preloading effect in its load capacity and deformability. Twenty columns were tested varying the transversal section shape (circular and square), transversal reinforcement ratio of the jacket and the preloading condition. Also complimentary tests were made on short circular section columns to observe confinement effects. A set of long-term tests was made to characterize the concrete immediate and time-dependant properties. To analyze the influence of time-dependant deformations, original columns were submitted to preloading forces and they were kept in a weather-controlled chamber during a certain period. The high-performance concrete jackets were applied to the original columns without removing the preloading forces. Every column was subjected to a monotonic axial compression test in a servohydraulic universal machine, in the displacement-controlled mode. In the analysis of the results theoretical models of concrete confinement, Finite Element Method simulations and other formulations were applied to examine the experimental results. The main conclusions are that, if adequate confinement conditions are maintained in the strengthened columns: the load capacity of the original column can be totally considered in strength evaluation; the preloading effect does not affect the ultimate load of the rehabilitated member, but it may affect the column deformability. Moreover, in the long-term behavior analysis, load transfer between the original column and jacket was observed. However, its effect was not significant in the load capacity of the strengthened member

Le but de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre le phénomène de renforcement initial pour les voyelles du français : ses mécanismes de réalisations et sa fonction linguistique. Pour cela, cette thèse compare la réalisation acoustique et articulatoire (lèvres et menton) des voyelles orales du français /i, e, ɛ, a, y, ø, œ, u, o, ɔ/ en position strictement initiale de Groupe Intonatif et en position médiane de Groupe Intonatif. Le corpus a été enregistré par quatre locutrices avec deux appareils en simultané : une caméra pour l’analyse de l’aperture et l’étirement des lèvres et un appareil de capture mouvements (Qualisys) pour l’analyse articulatoire de la protrusion des lèvres et de l’abaissement du menton. Une étude acoustique a également été menée (formants, intensité, durée). Cette thèse montre que, d’une part, le renforcement initial modifie des caractéristiques phonétiques des voyelles qui peuvent contribuer, à renforcer les contrastes syntagmatiques en augmentant la sonorité de la voyelle: augmentation de l’aperture et l’étirement aux lèvres pour l’ensemble des voyelles et augmentation d’intensité acoustique pour la plupart. D’autre part, le renforcement initial renforce des caractéristiques acoustiques et articulatoires propres à chaque voyelle. Ces variations contribuent à maximiser les contrastes paradigmatiques entre voyelles : soit par une maximisation de chacune des valeurs du contraste ([+F] et [-F]), soit par une maximisation d’une des deux valeurs du contraste ([+F] ou [-F]). / The goal of this thesis is to better understand the phenomenon of domain-initial strengthening on French vowels: how it is realized and its linguistic function. We compare the acoustic and articulatory variations (on the lips and chin) of the French oral vowels /i, e, ɛ, a, y, ø, œ, u, o, ɔ/ in initial position of Intonational Phrase and in medial position of Intonational Phrase. The corpus was recorded by four female speakers with two different systems simultaneously. Lip aperture and lip width were analyzed from the video data and lip protrusion and lowering of the chin were captured by an optical motion capture system (Qualisys). An acoustic study was also conducted (formants, intensity, duration). Results show that initial strengthening affects phonetic properties of vowels which may contribute to enhance syntagmatic contrasts by increasing their sonority: increased lip aperture and width for all vowels, and increased acoustic intensity for most. Moreover, initial strengthening enhances vowel-specific acoustic and articulatory properties. Consequently, initial strengthening contributes to maximize paradigmatic contrasts between vowels, either by maximizing contrast of each of the values ([+F] and [-F]), either, or by maximizing the value of a single contrast ([+F] or [-F]).

The thesis enticingly describes a synergetic mix of productivity related topics at macroeconomic level. It aims at whetting potential readers to understand in more insightful ways topics such as: (1) the use of human capital in sectoral growth; (2) the role played by rising public expenditures (health and education) in strengthening production activities; (3) the role played by disaggregation in improving models’ forecasting ability and policy guidance; etc. The current research constitutes a valuable tool for understanding and predicting a country’s overall economic behavior and the behavior of important industrial sectors. In the present study, lack of data on important variables at sectoral level led to the use of advanced econometric estimation methods such as the implied transfer function equations system. As cited in the thesis, the literature reports a set of interesting economic investigations in this field that have been successful in describing some of the features included in this study. However, this research not only enhances the theoretical discussion on the issue but also provides empirical evidence using South African data. It is anticipated that further use and development of the outcomes of this thesis will yield additional explanatory, predictive and policy-making results that will be useful to many. In addition to the usefulness of this thesis’ contribution to the body of knowledge, several suggestions for further improvement are considered. Most predominantly, the work presented in this thesis has been reported in two interrelated papers (chapters). In the first paper, a methodical discussion is provided on the use and the size of social ingredients estimated as the level of normalized human capital per capita together with the conditional convergence process applied to South African sectoral growth. In the second paper, the parameters obtained are embodied into a full-fledged Macroeconometric (Marshallian) Model employing South African economic sectors. In fact, the second paper goes beyond the simple discussion of a Disaggregated Macroeconometric Model. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the effects that freedom (Thatcher-like) reforms may induce to the South African economy. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Economics / unrestricted

M.Tech. / Purpose: Chiropractic adjustment has been shown to be an effective treatment for low back pain (Cox, 1999 and Lawrence et al, 2008). The role that the transverse abdominus plays in low back pain is not clear. Sacroiliac adjustment changes the activation speed (Marshall and Murphy, 2006) and the strength of contraction of transverse abdominus. This study aims to determine the short-term effects of chiropractic manipulative treatment on the feed-forward activation of the deep abdominal muscles in patients with chronic low back pain. Method: Forty five participants with chronic mechanical low back pain were used in this study. The primary cause of their back pain was mechanical. The study consisted of three randomly selected groups of participants. Group one was treated using abdominal exercise only. Group two was treated using both chiropractic manipulation and abdominal exercise. Group three was treated using chiropractic manipulation only. Procedure: The effect on the feed-forward activation of transverse abdominus and internal oblique was measured and recorded using surface electromyography in each group. The participants also completed an Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire and a Numerical Pain Rating Scale in order to record any change in back pain. Participants were seen seven times over a maximum four week period. Readings were taken on the first, third and fifth and seventh visits. Results: Statistically significant (p<0.05) results were seen in all three groups for the Oswestry Pain and Disability Questionnaire and Numerical Pain Rating Scale. Minimum EMG results were not statistically significant, however group three showed improvement clinically. Maximum EMG results were also did not show a statistically significant change. Feed-forward activation of the transverse abdominus muscle showed no statistically significant change. Conclusion: Favourable results were obtained clinically for all three groups. Group three (chiropractic manipulation only) was shown to be the most effective in terms of patient perception of pain and disability. Objectively, the results were less definitive. Chiropractic manipulation alone had the most favourable effect on the resting surface EMG readings of the transverse abdominus, while chiropractic manipulation combined with abdominal exercises and abdominal exercises alone did not show this change. This too was seen in the results for the maximum EMG readings. Onset times of the transverse abdominus muscle showed no improvement.

Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013 / Centre for Human Rights / LLM / Unrestricted

The enviromental footprint on the planet is something that societies andorganizations all over the world are trying to reduce. The forestry sector is not anexception in that matter and work is going on in several areas, among them reductionof soil damages. At the same, competition is constantly pressing the economicalmarginal, increasing the importance of cost-efficiency.This study’s aim was to compare two different methods of forest operations, theSCA-method SED (reducing the risk of damages) with traditional.The study was carried out as a quantative method study by comparing theproductivity of the two methods with three logging teams from autumns 2017 and2018.This study showed that SED only marginally increased the harvesting team’sproductivity compared to traditional cutting.Logging technique, Gentle efficient logging technique, SED, Strengthening actions,ghost row.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Health system in Sub-Saharan in Africa face multifaceted capacity challenges to fulfil their mandates of service provision and governance of their resources. Wide-ranging capacity development interventions exist to address these limitations. however, failure to take into account complexity into planning and implementation in the practice and research of these capacity development intervention predominate , hindering understanding and learning, and resulting in poor implementation or lack of sustainability of the capacity gains.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第22104号 / 地環博第190号 / 新制||地環||37(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 西前 出, 教授 小林 広英, 准教授 鬼塚 健一郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(理学) / 乙第13300号 / 論理博第1563号 / 新制||理||1653(附属図書館) / (主査)准教授 王 功輝, 教授 釜井 俊孝, 教授 福田 洋一 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DGAM