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<p> </p> <p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Understanding how individuals cope depends on understanding their appraisals of anticipated challenges. Efforts to address the effects of discrimination and understand individual differences in coping have not employed systematic theories that account for victims’ active efforts to cope over time. Building from a transactional model of appraisal and coping, the present research examines the relative impact of anticipated versus actual experiences of discrimination on psychological distress among Latinx emerging adults. Moreover, to the extent that anticipated discrimination and distress are associated, cognitive and emotion regulatory mechanisms spanning general capacity, ethnic identity, and bicultural competence were explored. <strong>Methods: </strong>Seventy-three Latinx participants recruited from a Predominantly White Institution (PWI) in the Midwest completed surveys about ethnic identity, emotion regulation, bicultural competence, experiences of discrimination, anticipated discrimination, and demographics. Thirty-one out of these 73 participants completed a follow-up survey comprised of the same questions as in Time 1. Contributions of anticipated discrimination, above and beyond discrimination, and moderators of the anticipated discrimination – psychological distress relationship were tested using hierarchical multiple regressions. <strong>Results: </strong>While discrimination did not account for significant variance in psychological distress above and beyond actual experiences of discrimination, analyses of order effects revealed that anticipated discrimination accounted for a significant amount of variance in psychological distress outcomes when entered first in the model for both current and subsequent distress. Moderation analyses did not yield statistically significant results of centrality, private regard, emotion regulation, or bicultural competence. <strong>Conclusions: </strong>Contrary to predictions, ethnic identity variables, bicultural competence, and emotion regulation capacity did not moderate the relationship between anticipated discrimination and distress. However, the present study underscores the importance of continued efforts to understand the mechanisms that influence anticipated discrimination as it has a significant negative effect on the mental health outcomes for Latinx individuals.</p>

Six women participated in a qualitative study to understand women's experiences with abortion. The women ranged in age from 52 to 26, and were at least five years post-abortion. A questionnaire was developed using a stress and coping model as a guide to answer the following: relevant primary and reappraisal processes; problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies; resources; and personal and environmental constraints. The results give the women's individual experiences as well as the themes that were consistent for the participants. The women all appraised the situation of an unplanned pregnancy as stressful. All of the participants viewed having the child as a threat to their education, career, or relationship with family. Although all of the women thought some part of the procedure was more stressful than they had anticipated, all found ways to cope with differing levels of stress. The women saw their friends, family, ob-gyn physicians, priest, and clinic staff as resources during the experience. The women most often reported that religious beliefs constrained their abilities to cope. They also reported a lack of information about the abortion procedure and possible physical and emotional effects as environmental constraints. Overall, all but one participant would make the same decision, and all viewed themselves as coping well with a stressful life event. / Master of Science

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:48:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kelcy Rachid.pdf: 2253867 bytes, checksum: 23cdcaed41af63826c144562352bb5a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-10-27 / The beginning of this new century brought lots of changes, resulting from social and technological changes, wich women are submitted. They live in a time of no absolute truths and have to deal the unpredictable. Her roler passed through transformations during the years and it can be observed even in the religious sphere. These situations require constants adaptations, and all this process triggers a stress process. The incidence of stress in Brazil estimated in 32% of the adult population, and women are the most affected. The postmodern thought also brought the possibility of perceiveing the religion and the spirituality as important aspects of human experience. The religious traditions overall, didn&#8223;t follow the changes and didn´t offer new rituals to the transitions, such as divorce, unemployment and extended families. Disconnected from rituals people may get stuck in specific emotions. This dissertation presents a possibility of correlating the concept of religious coping with adaptation strategies of Presbyterian women facing the daily stress. The overall goal of the research is to identify the forms used by the individual to face the stressor situations and enroll the facilitators that promote its adjustment in these situations. The research subject are women who attend Presbyterian churches with a mean frequency of 24 years in the city of São Paulo. The sample consists of 52 volunteer women, whose ages oscillate between 25 and 72 years. The technical resources are the General Questionnaire , WHOQOL_BREF, the Survey of symptoms of stress and the Scale of religious-spiritual coping. The stress will still be part of the life of men and women, but the humans have ability to learn coping strategies. And that&#8223;s why the researches in this area assume importance. One of the ways to handle the stress is through religion, and it is known by religious coping. The psychotherapy spiritually integrated is a facilitator for the stress process. For the sample of this research, the religious coping proved to be dominant as search for meaning in crisis times. The area that requires more efforts from the Presbyterian women is the family. The anxiety is the emotion/feeling most experienced by the participants. To deal with tough situations, the volunteers pray and also communicate their unpleasant feelings to some people. Furthermore the church is perceived as a facilitator of emotional health. / O início deste novo século trouxe consigo muitas mudanças resultantes de alterações sociais e tecnológicas, às quais a mulher foi submetida. Ela vivencia uma época de inexistência de verdades absolutas e convive com o imprevisível. Seu papel passou por transformações ao longo dos anos que podem ser observadas inclusive no âmbito religioso. Estas situações exigem adaptações constantes e todo processo de adaptação desencadeia o processo de estresse. Estima-se que a incidência do estresse no Brasil seja de 32% na população adulta, sendo as mulheres as mais atingidas. O pensamento pós moderno trouxe a possibilidade de perceber a religião e a espiritualidade como aspectos importantes da experiência humana. As tradições religiosas em geral não acompanharam as mudanças e não ofereceram novos rituais para as transições, tais como o divórcio, o desemprego, as famílias recompostas. Desconectadas de rituais, as pessoas podem ficar presas em emoções específicas. Esta dissertação apresenta uma possibilidade de correlacionar o conceito de coping religioso com as estratégias de adaptação da mulher de cultura presbiteriana na situação de estresse. Tem-se como objetivo identificar as formas utilizadas pelo sujeito da amostra para enfrentar as situações estressoras e arrolar os facilitadores que promovam ajustamento nestas condições. O sujeito da pesquisa é a mulher presbiteriana com tempo médio de frequência de 24 anos em igreja localizada na cidade de São Paulo. A amostra é composta por 52 mulheres voluntárias, na faixa etária entre os 25 e 72 anos. Os recursos técnicos são o Questionário Geral , WHOQOL_BREF, o Levantamento de sintomas de stress e a Escala de Coping Religioso Espiritual. O estresse continuará a fazer parte da vida de homens e mulheres, mas o ser humano tem a capacidade de aprender estratégias de enfrentamento. Uma das maneiras de se manejar o estresse é através da religião. Trata-se do coping religioso. Apresenta-se a psicoterapia espiritualmente integrada como agente facilitador para o processo de estresse. Para a amostra representada nesta pesquisa, o coping religioso mostrou-se dominante como busca por significado em tempos de crise. A área que demanda maiores esforços para a mulher presbiteriana é a família. A ansiedade é a emoção/sentimento mais vivenciada pelas participantes. Para lidar com as situações difíceis, as voluntárias oram e também comunicam seus sentimentos desagradáveis para algumas pessoas. A igreja é mencionada como facilitadora da saúde emocional.

The study aimed at investigation the sources of stress that english instructors who work at the English Preparatory Schools of the Middle East Technical University and Ankara University experience and the strategies that they use to cope with stress related to their professions. Two scales which consist of a demographic inventory, two questionnaires and a semi structured interwiew were developed by the researces the first scale is &quot / stress factors and coping strategies questionnaire for english instructors&quot / the result of which was analyzed by SPSS under five headings. This data gathering instrument was implemented on 174 English Instructors working at four univesities in Ankara. Data gathered from 112 English Instructors in Ankara University and METU English Preparatory Schools represented the result of the main study. In analayzing the data, descriptive statistics as frequency, percent, average and standart deviation, and inferential statistics as ANOVA was used. The second scale of the current study is a semi structured interview. This scale was piloted with 6 instructors to check the reliability. Finally,was conducted with 6 instructors from two represent the participants of the main study. The result of the interviews were analyzed through content analysis. The result of the study revealed an inverse correlation between the stress level of english instructors and their effectivness in coping. The most stress causing factors were &quot / student attitudes&quot / and &quot / working overload&quot / while the most employed coping strategies were &quot / in class coping&quot / , &quot / planfulness&quot / , and &quot / self support&quot

Background: Stress and burnout is often reported within the ‘human service’ professions. A systematic review aimed to ascertain the prevalence of stress and burnout within clinical psychologists, and the coping strategies utilised by members of this profession. Specifically, the role of clinical psychologists that work with people with intellectual disabilities and behaviour that challenges may, arguably, be particularly challenging, given the risks inherent in behaviour that challenges. Previous work has found that paid and family carers for this population experience substantial levels of stress. However, little is known about the experiences of clinical psychologists who may play a pivotal role in the multi-disciplinary team supporting individuals and their carers. Methods: The systematic review explores the prevalence of stress, burnout and coping in clinical psychologists. An electronic review and hand search of the literature was completed. The quality of all eligible articles was assessed, and themes within the findings were discussed using a narrative synthesis approach. The subsequent empirical article explores the perspectives of 14 female clinical psychologists. Thematic analysis was utilised to derive themes from their interview transcripts. Results: Eight studies met inclusion criteria for the review; findings suggest that a large proportion of clinical psychologists experience symptoms of stress and burnout. Nevertheless, most psychologists also experience high levels of personal achievement in their role. Within the empirical study, two overarching themes were apparent across participants. These included difficult and positive experiences. Participants reported barriers to influencing change and feelings of stress, worry, anxiety, self-doubt and frustration within the role. However, supervision and support from colleagues appeared to moderate difficult emotions. All conveyed a sense of reward within their role. Conclusions: Comparable to other ‘human service’ professionals, clinical psychologists experience symptoms of stress and burnout. With regard to clinical psychologists working with people with intellectual disabilities and behaviour that challenges, it appears that supervision and support from colleagues is key in managing difficult emotions. Based on the findings, provisions that are believed to improve clinical psychologists’ experiences are considered.