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University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities. / Department of English

Ho Fuk-chuen. / Questionnaires in Chinese. / Thesis (M.A.Ed.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-110). / Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Background --- p.1 / Context of Study Problem --- p.2 / Purpose of Study --- p.5 / Significance of Study --- p.5 / Chapter 2 --- REVIEW OF LITERATURE --- p.7 / Component Processes of Reading --- p.7 / Decoding --- p.7 / Literal Comprehension --- p.8 / Inferential Comprehension --- p.11 / Comprehension Monitoring --- p.16 / Differences between Good and Poor Readers in Reading Process --- p.20 / Decoding --- p.20 / Literal Comprehension --- p.23 / Inferential Comprehension --- p.25 / Comprehension Monitoring --- p.28 / Training Methods for Enhancing Reading Comprehension --- p.30 / Review of Various Reading Programmes --- p.32 / Cooperative Learning --- p.43 / Proposed Reading Model --- p.49 / Chapter 3 --- METHODOLOGY --- p.52 / An Exploratory Study --- p.52 / Subjects --- p.55 / Passages --- p.56 / Treatments --- p.58 / Measures --- p.60 / Procedure --- p.64 / Design --- p.65 / Chapter 4 --- RESULTS --- p.67 / Age --- p.67 / Attainment Test --- p.68 / Pretest --- p.68 / Posttest --- p.70 / Passage Effects --- p.74 / Chapter 5 --- DISCUSSION --- p.75 / The Proposed Reading Model --- p.75 / Direct Instruction --- p.80 / Cooperative Learning with Direct Instruction --- p.82 / Traditional Method --- p.89 / Passages Effects --- p.91 / Chapter 6 --- "RECOMMENDATIONS, LIMITAIONS AND CONCLUSIONS" --- p.92 / Recommendations --- p.92 / The Proposed Reading Model --- p.92 / Direct Instruction --- p.95 / Cooperative Learning with Direct Instruction --- p.95 / Traditional Method --- p.98 / Passages Effects --- p.100 / Limitations --- p.100 / Conclusions --- p.102 / REFERENCES --- p.103 / APPENDICES

王倩婷 = The conception of mathematics among Hong Kong mathematics teachers / Wong Qian Ting. / "2003年12月". / 論文(哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2003. / 參考文獻 (leaves 107-113). / 附中英文摘要. / "2003 nian 12 yue". / Wang Qianting = The conception of mathematics among Hong Kong mathematics teachers / Wong Qian Ting. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2003. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 107-113). / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 / Chapter 1.1 --- 硏究背景 --- p.1-3 / Chapter 1.2 --- 硏究意義 --- p.3 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻回顧 / Chapter 2.1 --- 香港小學數學教育的現況 --- p.4-7 / Chapter 2.2 --- 學生的數學學習 --- p.8-11 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- 學生的數學學習與其數學觀 --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- 數學學習、課程改革及數學觀的關連 --- p.9 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- 學生的數學學習與教師的數學觀 --- p.10 / Chapter 2.3 --- 教師的數學觀 --- p.12-18 / Chapter 2-3.1 --- 信念的定義 --- p.13 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- 信念的形成 --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- 信念的結構 --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- 小結 --- p.18 / Chapter 2.4 --- 教師數學觀的理論框架 --- p.19-25 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- 學者們提出的數學觀觀點 --- p.19 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Ernest ( 1989)的數學觀理論框架 --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4.2.1 --- 對數學本身的觀念 / Chapter 2.4.2.2 --- 數學教學觀 / Chapter 2.4.2.3 --- 數學學習觀 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Thompson (1991)的數學教學觀理論框架 --- p.23 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Perry et al ( 1998，1999 )的數學教學觀理論框架 --- p.24 / Chapter 2.5 --- 教師的數學觀與其教學 --- p.26-28 / Chapter 2.6 --- 教師的背景、專業知識與其教學 --- p.29-30 / Chapter 2.7 --- 教學策略 --- p.31-36 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- 教學策略分類 --- p.31 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- 過往硏究綜述 --- p.33 / Chapter 2.8 --- 教師的數學觀與其教學策略的硏究 --- p.37-43 / Chapter 2.8.1 --- 過往硏究方法綜述 --- p.37 / Chapter 2.8.1.1 --- 質化硏究 / Chapter 2.8.1.2 --- 量化研究 / Chapter 2.8.1.3 --- 同時以質化及量化進行的硏究 / Chapter 2.8.2 --- 本港其他的數學教學計劃 --- p.40 / Chapter 2.8.3 --- 過往硏究的限制 --- p.42 / Chapter 第三章 --- 硏究方法 / Chapter 3.1 --- 硏究問題 --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2 --- 硏究工具 --- p.44-46 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- 背景資料 --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- 數學觀訪問 --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- 假設處境訪問 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- 數學教學觀訪問 / Chapter 3.2.2.3 --- 教學策略 / Chapter 3.3 --- 硏究對象 --- p.47-49 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- 硏究對象的選取 --- p.47 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- 硏究對象的個人資料 --- p.47 / Chapter 3.4 --- 硏究程序 --- p.49 / Chapter 第四章 --- 教師的一般數學觀 / Chapter 4.1 --- 數學觀 --- p.50-55 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- 強調運算 --- p.50 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- 講求理解 --- p.51 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- 與曰常生活有關 --- p.51 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- 訓練思考 --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1.5 --- 特定內容 --- p.53 / Chapter 4.1.6 --- 建構而成 --- p.54 / Chapter 4.1.7 --- 數學特性 --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2 --- 數學教學觀 --- p.55-60 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- 做中學習 --- p.55 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- 初學較嚴謹 --- p.56 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- 教師角色 --- p.51 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- 考試影響 --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- 解難教學 --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3 --- 數學學習觀 --- p.60-61 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- 判斷對錯 --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- 學生角色 --- p.61 / Chapter 第五章 --- 數學教師的三種類型 / Chapter 5.1 --- 實用型 --- p.62-75 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- 數學觀 --- p.62 / Chapter 5.1.1.1 --- 學校數學 / Chapter 5.1.1.2 --- 課題間關係薄弱 / Chapter 5.1.1.3 --- 與日常生活有關 / Chapter 5.1.1.4 --- 獨特性低 / Chapter 5.1.1.5 --- 權威判斷 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- 數學教學觀及其教學 --- p.66 / Chapter 5.1.2.1 --- 例題教學 / Chapter 5.1.2.2 --- 著重形式 / Chapter 5.1.2.3 --- 訓練思考和解難能力 / Chapter 5.1.2.4 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- 數學學習觀及其學生學習 --- p.72 / Chapter 5.1.3.1 --- 做中學習 / Chapter 5.1.3.2 --- 模仿者 / Chapter 5.2 --- 理解型 --- p.76-86 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- 數學觀 --- p.76 / Chapter 5.2.1.1 --- 理解和明白 / Chapter 5.2.1.2 --- 溝通工具 / Chapter 5.2.1.3 --- 數學思維 / Chapter 5.2.1.4 --- 學校數學以外 / Chapter 5.2.1.5 --- 逐步建構 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- 數學教學觀及其教學 --- p.81 / Chapter 5.2.2.1 --- 強調槪念 / Chapter 5.2.2.2 --- 反例突顯重點 / Chapter 5.2.2.3 --- 不同形式教學 / Chapter 5.2.2.4 --- 連繫已有知識 / Chapter 5.2.2.5 --- 一題多解 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- 數學學習觀及其學生學習 --- p.85 / Chapter 5.2.3.1 --- 內化教師教學 / Chapter 5.2.3.2 --- 因時制宜 / Chapter 5.3 --- 訓練思考型 --- p.87-98 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- 數學觀 --- p.87 / Chapter 5.3.1.1 --- 訓練思考 / Chapter 5.3.1.2 --- 嚴謹客觀 / Chapter 5.3.1.3 --- 情感態度 / Chapter 5.3.1.4 --- 持續發展 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- 數學教學觀及其教學 --- p.91 / Chapter 5.3.2.1 --- 數學性 / Chapter 5.3.2.2 --- 源於理解 / Chapter 5-3.2.3 --- 重組內容 / Chapter 5.3.2.4 --- 多種教學 / Chapter 5.3.2.5 / Chapter 5.3.2.6 --- 前後連繫 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- 數學學習觀及其學生學習 --- p.96 / Chapter 5.3.3.1 --- 表逹想法 / Chapter 5.3.3.2 --- 判斷對錯 / Chapter 第六章 --- 討論 / Chapter 6.1 --- 硏究結果 --- p.99-104 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- 實用型 --- p.99 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- 理解型 --- p.101 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- 訓練思考型 --- p.103 / Chapter 6.1.4 --- 小結 --- p.104 / Chapter 6.2 --- 總結 --- p.105-106 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- 實用層面 --- p.105 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- 學理層面 --- p.105 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- 未來硏究及發展方向 --- p.106 / 參考資料 --- p.107-113 / 附錄 / 附件一 實際教學片段 --- p.114-115 / 附件二 背景資料問卷 --- p.116-117 / 附件三 假設處境訪問大綱 --- p.118 / 附件四 數學教學觀訪問大綱 --- p.119 / 附件五 教學常見問題訪問大綱 --- p.120 / 附件六 觀課訪問大綱 --- p.121 / 圖表目錄 / 圖一 數學觀硏究框架 --- p.2 / 圖二 教師的數學觀與學生學習的關係 --- p.11 / 圖三 教師信念的架構 --- p.13 / 圖四 以情感度和認知度去劃分信念 --- p.14 / 圖五 數學觀的兩個度向：「傳遞」及「以學生爲中心」 --- p.25 / 圖六 影響教師數學教學行爲的因素 --- p.26 / 圖七 數學教師信奉的觀念與實際情況之關係 --- p.27 / 圖八 數學教學策略分類 --- p.33 / 圖九 硏究框架 --- p.44

過去二十多年，亞洲國家的學生在一些國際數學能力測試 (如 TIMSS、PISA) 中表現傑出，因此，許多學者嘗試找出這些學生取得優異成績的原因。根據經濟發展與合作組織的報告，在眾多變項中，教師的質素是影響學生學業成果的最重要因素。究竟一個能使學生有效學習的數學課堂，教師應擁有什麼數學知識? 教師應抱持什麼教學信念？ / 很多學者(如Ball, Thames, & Phelps、Shulman等)為鑽研教師的教學知識建立了不少理論，其中Ball和她的團隊利用Shulman有關教師知識的架構而發展出一項針對數學教學所涉及知識的類別，稱為「教學所需的數學知識」(mathematical knowledge for teaching，簡稱MKT)。此外，不少研究顯示除了知識之外，教師信念同樣影響教師的數學教學質素(Mathematical Quality of Instruction, 簡稱 MQI)。 / 本研究旨在了解香港高小經驗數學教師的MKT 和教學信念之現況，同時亦希望找出擁有高MKT及持不同教學信念的教師對其自身MQI之影響。 / 資料蒐集分兩階段進行，第一階段邀請105位擁有五年或以上數學教學經驗的教師參與，透過MKT測試卷和信念問卷分別量度他們的MKT和信念現況。至於第二階段，從第一階段參與的教師中挑選出八位經過測試結果屬於高水平的MKT的教師進行個案研究，研究員先觀察他們四節課堂教學，然後進行課後半結構訪談，測量他們的教學表現及進一步了解他們的教學信念。 / 研究結果顯示：(1) 在職經驗數學教師在圖形空間範疇的MKT成績高於數範疇的MKT成績；(2) 雖然信念問卷結果反映全部教師傾向抱持非傳統的教學信念，但是部分參與個案研究的教師卻抱持傳統教學信念的特徵；(3) 教師的教學質素並非全受著MKT的影響，擁有高MKT水平的教師而又持非傳統信念的教師的教學質素，比持有傳統信念特徵的教師的教學質素好；而(4) 教師在忙碌的教學生活下，大多沒有靈活多變的教學方法。本研究建議政府應推行政策減輕教師的工作量，而師訓機構宜開辦課程讓教師能掌握具體設計(尤其是數範疇) 的學習活動課程，協助教師建立專業交流網絡，創造機會讓教師進行反思，從而提高他們自身的教學能力。 / Over the past two decades, students from Asian countries have outperformed their counterparts in a number of international mathematics achievement studies such as TIMSS and PISA. Many scholars are therefore interested in investigating the reasons for Asian students’ higher performance. According to a research report released by the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation, among the school variables which affect students’ learning outcomes, the quality of teachers play the most vital role. To provide a classroom environment for students that enables effective learning in mathematics, what kind of knowledge does a teacher need? And what kind of beliefs should a teacher hold? / Many scholars (e.g., Ball, Thames, & Phelps; Shulman, etc.) have proposed theories about the construction of teachers’ knowledge. Ball and her team, based on Shulman’s framework of teachers’ knowledge, developed a framework for "Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching" (MKT). Moreover, research studies have shown that in addition to MKT, a teacher’s beliefs also play an important role in a teacher’s mathematical quality of instruction (MQI). / This study aims to examine the MKT levels and beliefs of teachers who possess 5 or more years’ experience in teaching senior primary level mathematics, and to explore the influence of beliefs about teaching and learning on their MQI for teachers who have a high MKT level. / This study has undergone two stages in collecting data. During the first stage, 105 in-service experienced primary mathematics teachers were invited to complete an MKT instrument and a survey on beliefs about teaching and learning. It aims to explore their MKT levels and types of beliefs. At the second stage, eight teachers from the high MKT score group were selected for lesson observations and semi-structured interviews. Its aims were to explore their teaching performance and further verify their types of beliefs. / Results showed that (1) in-service experienced mathematics teachers generally scored higher MKT scores in the dimension of Shape and Space than in the dimension of Number. (2) They also showed that the scores of all 105 in-service teachers’ beliefs were identified as non-traditional. However, some teachers who were selected to take part in the subsequent case study held the characteristics of traditional transmission-oriented beliefs as revealed in the interview. Moreover, the findings also indicated that (3) the teachers’ instructional ability was not only affected by their MKT, their beliefs also played a part in shaping their pedagogical practices. Among the teachers with high MKT level, those teachers who held non-traditional beliefs outperformed their counterparts in terms of MQI. (4) It was also shown that teachers did not have a rich repertoire of teaching strategies to be used in classroom teaching because they lacked sufficient time to prepare their lessons. / In light of the findings, the Government should revise the current policy to reduce teachers’ workload. In addition, teacher training institutions should offer courses for teachers to design activities facilitating students’ learning in general, and strengthening the learning activities in the dimension of Number in particular. They should help teachers to establish professional exchange networks. By providing more chances for teachers’ to reflect, their teaching proficiency will be improved. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 陳詠心. / Parallel title from added title page. / Thesis (Ed.D.) Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2015. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-149). / Abstracts also in English. / Chen Yongxin.

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Thesis ( M.ED. (Mathematics)) --University of Limpopo, 2013 / This study used case study design to explore concept maps for meaningful teaching and learning of mathematics in Grade 6 class. The purpose of the study was to reflect on the usage of concept maps to promote meaningful teaching and learning of mathematics in Grade 6. Eighty seven (87) learners participated in the study. Data were collected through transcripts of learners’ work and interviews. Interviews were conducted to get more information on learners’ concept maps. Learners drew concept maps on three different sessions on different topics namely: fractions, measurement and angles. A list of concepts was supplied for each topic. 10 learners’ concept maps and 2 interview transcripts were analysed. Mark schedules were also used to check learners’ performance. Results showed that learners used varied number of links to connect concepts and that there was an increase in the number and quality of propositions made. Concept maps proved to be useful in enhancing meaningful teaching and learning of mathematics in Grade 6 class.

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This thesis, grounded in an empirically-based study of pedagogic practice in primary school classrooms, examines the corporeality of learning and its role in the process of learning how to write. The central concern in the formation of scholarly habits in the primary years and the degree to which the embodiment of specific dispositions is fundamental in students acquiring the ability and desire to write. This thesis explores the enabling dimensions of embodiment and how these can be generated through the pedagogic practices of schooling. The body is not simply perceived as being shaped by the external, nor capacitated by its ability to retain affects, but rather as mindful, where these affects form the basis of consciousness with embodied understanding being integral to how we learn. This thesis asserts the inseparability of body and mind. Different conceptualisations of the body are examined, and assessed in terms of their usefulness in understanding the role of the body in learning and the need within education to posit an ontology that embraces both the body and the mind. A genealogy of the educative body is provided through an analysis of English syllabus documents within the New South Wales education system. An empirically-based study is conducted examining the pedagogies employed by six teachers and the ways in which disciplinary techniques they employ can contribute to their students’ acquisition of a scholarly habitus and their ability and desire to write. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

A review of the literature revealed that there are many variables that influence teachers' instructional practices. These influential variables fall into three categories: those related to the teacher, which are referred to in this study as teacher role characteristics; those related to the inservice education activities of teachers, referred to as staff development variables; and those related to the teachers' individual teaching situations, referred to as school climate variables. It was hypothesized that there may be variables that are related to the use of manipulatives for mathematics instruction by primary grade teachers. Nineteen independent variables in the three categories were studied. In order to investigate the hypotheses, a population of teachers was located in eight school districts outside of but within a sixty-mile radius of Corvallis, Oregon, and a sample was drawn from those teachers having some specialized training in the use of manipulatives beyond their initial teacher certification college coursework. One hundred eighty teachers were mailed a survey instrument, designed and field-tested by the researcher, whose purpose was to determine amount of manipulatives use. Following the completion of this survey, there were 145 participating teachers who were then sent a questionnaire, designed and field-tested by the researcher, which Pearson correlations were calculated for the variables based on continuous data and one-way analysis of variance was computed for the variables based on categorical data. Multiple regression analysis was then performed on the three independent variables that were statistically significant at the .05 level. A teacher's attitude toward the usefulness of manipulatives training, his/her current teaching beliefs (child-centeredness), and perceived attitude of students' parents were all highly correlated with manipulatives use. In the final regression model, each of these three variables made a unique contribution for explaining the variance in teachers' use of manipulatives. Other variables that may also have some relationship to the use of manipulatives included: quality of manipulatives training, follow-up from initial manipulatives training, and perceived response from students. / Graduation date: 1991