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Adoption and adaptation of innovationsNdah, Hycenth Tim 01 September 2014 (has links)
Die Studie mit Fokus auf die Übernahme von Fischproduktion und konservierender Bodenbearbeitung (KB) in Sub-Sahara Afrika (SSA) verdeutlicht 1) die Komplexität von Übernahme- und Diffusionsprozessen landwirtschaftlicher Innovationen in SSA, vertieft 2) den Wissensstand zur Diffusion dieser zwei Innovationen und, leistet 3) einen Beitrag zur Entwicklung eines neuen methodischen Ansatzes für den Forschungsgegenstand. Neben der Darstellung der wesentlichen Konzepte und Literatur basieren die empirischen Daten auf semi-strukturierten Interviews, Fokusgruppendiskussionen, Teilnehmerbeobachtung und QAToCA, einem in der Studie entwickelten, partizipativen und expertenbasierten Bewertungsansatz. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Fischzucht – speziell im Fall von Kamerun – eine attraktive Beschäftigung für mittelständische Landwirte ist. Zur weiteren Verbreitung dieser Innovation besteht jedoch Bedarf für 1) zielgerichtete Förderung mittelständischer Landwirte, 2) Verbesserung der Organisationsstruktur der Landwirte, 3) Stärkung des Beratungssystems, und 4) Verbesserung der Forschung für Jungfischaufzucht. Mit Anwendung von QAToCA für die Übernahme von KB zeigen die Ergebnisse i) hohes Übernahmepotential in Malawi, Sambia, Tansania, Kenia – aufgrund positiver institutioneller Faktoren, ii) geringes Übernahmepotential für Simbabwe – bezüglich der instabilen Marktlage, iii) geringes Übernahmepotential in Süd-Burkina Faso – aufgrund der Konkurrenz um Ernterückstände zwischen KB und Tierproduktion, und iv) hohes Übernahmepotential für Nord-Burkina Faso – was sich darauf zurückführen lässt, dass Alternativen zu KB nicht bestehen. Für eine anhaltende Übernahme landwirtschaftlicher Innovationen in SSA zeigt die Arbeit Handlungsbedarf auf für 1) Berücksichtigung des Bedarfs für neue Absatzmärkte, 2) Anpassung von Innovationen an bestehende Managementstrukturen von Betrieben und, 3) Entwicklung von fördernden politischen und institutionellen Rahmenbedingungen auf Dorf- und Regionalebene. / Focusing on adoption of Fish farming and Conservation Agriculture (CA) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), this study: 1) partly demonstrate that, the reality of adoption and diffusion of agricultural innovations in SSA is a more complex issue, 2) improve on the knowledge and understanding of diffusion for these two innovations in SSA and, 3) develop and contribute to a new methodological approach in this field of study. Apart from reviewing concepts and relevant literature, empirical data for this work was obtained by using semi structured interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation alongside a participatory expert-based assessment approach (QAToCA) - developed within this work. Results revealed that, Fish Farming especially for the case of Cameroon remains an attractive activity for medium-scale farmers. However for a sustained adoption of this innovation, there is need for 1) targeted support to medium-scale farmers, 2) improving organisational structures of farmers, 3) strengthening the fragile extension system, and, 4) improving research on fingerlings production. Following application of QAToCA in assessing CA adoption, results reveal i) high adoption potential for Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania, Kenya - explained by presence of positive institutional factors, ii) low adoption potential for Zimbabwe - attributed to unstable and less secured market conditions, iii) low adoption potential for Southern Burkina Faso - explained by strong competition of CA with livestock over residue, and iv) high adoption potential for northern Burkina Faso - explained by the fact that farmers have no alternative than to adopt CA. For long lasting adoption of agricultural innovations in SSA, this work calls for 1) addressing emerging needs for new input and output market outlets, 2) adapting innovations to existing management structures of adopting farms and, 3) developing a supportive political and institutional frame condition at village and regional levels.
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Attracting, Recruiting, and Retaining Qualified Faculty at Community Colleges in Sierra LeoneBetts, Gloria 01 January 2017 (has links)
This case study was designed to explore policies that were in place to attract, recruit, and retain qualified faculty for 4 community colleges in Sierra Leone. The research was necessitated by the apparent inability of Sierra Leone educators to train and retain faculty possessing the required academic credentials. The research questions were designed to address the policies and strategies used to attract and recruit faculty, better prepare faculty, improve the quality of classroom instruction, and retain qualified faculty at community colleges. The literature review yielded results about the benefits of community colleges in developing countries, thus reinforcing the need for qualified faculty. Case study methodology and open-ended interviews with 12 purposely selected participants were used to ensure trustworthiness and reveal the essential characteristics of how community colleges in Sierra Leone may succeed in faculty attraction, recruitment, and retention. Participants reported that word of mouth solicitation was the primary method for faculty recruitment, and that the top challenge faced by these institutions was fiscal constraints. Although findings from this study are specific to 4 institutions, they may serve as a guide for qualified faculty retention at all community colleges in Sierra Leone, and hopefully bring about social change by improving academic excellence throughout the country.
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The relationship between stock market returns and inflation : new evidence from Sub-Saharan AfricaMpofu, Bekithemba January 2010 (has links)
The literature investigating the relationship between stock market returns and inflation is long and has produced diverse findings. This thesis examines the nature of stock–inflation relations in Sub-Saharan countries whose stock markets were established before 1992. Evidence in this thesis shows that in the short term there is a positive relationship between stocks and inflation. Using the Johansen (1988) evidence, a long-run stock–inflation relationship is confirmed only in Nigeria and South Africa, where it is found to be negative. However, accounting for structural breaks provides evidence for a long-run relationship in Botswana, Ghana and Kenya. The evidence of the effects of regimes in the relationship is further supported by a nonparametric cointegration analysis which finds a long-run relation in countries where the Johansen (1988) method had failed. Unexpected inflation is also found to be related to stock returns in Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria and Mauritius, which raises concerns about the use of month-end stock data in analysing this relationship. The thesis confirms the existence of hidden inflation in Kenya, Mauritius, Nigeria and Zimbabwe. Imported inflation, interest rates and the exchange rate are found to have useful information about inflation movements in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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A Comparative Study of Institutional Responses to Sustainable Mobility for Public Transport in cities in Ghana and TanzaniaBonsu, Christine 12 May 2023 (has links)
Städte sind aufgrund der zunehmend negativen Auswirkungen des Verkehrs auf die Umwelt an vorderster Front der nachhaltigen Entwicklung und der nachhaltigen Mobilität. In den Städten Subsahara-Afrikas scheinen jedoch die Akteure und Hauptvertreter nachhaltiger Mobilität den Herausforderungen bei der Erreichung nachhaltiger Mobilitätsziele im öffentlichen Verkehr nicht gewachsen zu sein. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht diese vergleichende Studie die institutionellen Antworten auf das Erfordernis nachhaltiger Mobilitätslösungen im öffentlichen Verkehr in der Stadtregion Accra (Ghana) und der Stadt Dar es Salaam (Tansania) im Hinblick auf die vorhandenen Kapazitäten der Institutionen, Koordinations sowie Kommunikationsmechanismen. Die Studie folgt einem qualitativen Forschungsdesign und wendet Methoden an, die mit den wesentlichen Grundannahmen qualitativer sozialwissenschaftlicher Forschung übereinstimmen.
Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass nachhaltiger ÖPNV in beiden Städten als die Nutzung von Fahrzeugen mit höherer Auslastung, klar definierten lokalen Zielen für nachhaltigen ÖPNV und ganzheitlichen Regulierungssystemen wahrgenommen wird. Die vergleichende Analyse der beiden Städte in Bezug auf das Schlüsselthema Governance zeigt, dass im Fall der Stadt Accra das Fehlen eines Stadtrats mit einem entsprechenden Stadtoberhaupt oder einem Champion wie im Fall der Stadt Dar es Salaam ein wichtiger limitierender Faktor ist, der Entwicklungsprogramme, -pläne und -projekte verzögert. Die unzureichende Koordinierung zwischen den Institutionen wiederum führt im Fall von Dar es Salaam trotz des Vorhandenseins eines Stadtrats zu doppelten Strukturen und zur Zersplitterung der knappen Ressourcen. Folglich werden kurzfristige, mittelfristige und langfristige Strategien für Entwicklungsmaßnahmen in der Stadtregion Accra und der Stadt Dar es Salaam vorgeschlagen. / Cities are at the forefront of sustainable development and sustainable mobility due to the rising negative impacts of transportation to the environment. Actors and key stakeholders for sustainable mobility in cities in Sub-Sahara Africa however seem not ready for the associated challenges towards the attainment of sustainable mobility for public transport. It is against this background that this study comparatively investigates the institutional responses to sustainable mobility for public transport in Accra city-region (Ghana) and Dar es Salaam city (Tanzania) in the light of existing capacity of the institutions, coordination and communication mechanisms. This study adopts the qualitative research design and methodological choices that are in conformity with the ideologies of this design in Social Science Research.
Findings from the study reveal that both cities perceive sustainable public transport as use of higher occupancy vehicles, clearly defined local goals on sustainable public transport and holistic regulation regime. The comparative overview analysis of the two cities in line with the key issue of governance indicates that in the case of Accra city region, the absence of a city council with a respective city head or champion as in the case of Dar es Salaam city is a major limiting factor retarding development programmes, plans, and projects. Inadequate coordination among institutions, on the other hand, results in duplication of efforts and dispersal of scarce resources in the case of Dar es Salaam despite the presence of a city council. Consequently, short term policies, medium term policies, and long-term policies are proposed for development interventions in Accra city-region and Dar es Salaam city.
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