The aim of the theses is to identify long-term consequences of the clash of African and European cultures and its current political, economic and social consequences on the contemporary Sub-Saharan Africa. In the methodological part the terms of socio-cultural complex, socio-cultural structure, clash of civilizations and culture gap are explained, followed by the basic characteristics of African culture and a brief outline of the local history with a special emphasis put on the historical influences of Europe. The application part is divided into three sections according to the areas in which the effects of culture gap are analysed - namely political, economic and social spheres. Each area is further divided into four parts that using specific examples describe consequences of the clash of European and African cultures in contemporary Sub-Saharan Africa.

Building relations with China is a topic of broad and current interest, when it comes to establishing and deepening new economic cooperation between Sub-Saharan Africa and other regions. This thesis analyses current economic cooperation between these two regions with the prevailing emphasis on the African partner. The thesis is formally divided into five chapters. The first two chapters focus on selected theoretical and factual starting points related to the main topic of the thesis, which create a foundation stone for the other chapters. In the third chapter of the thesis, selected statistical data about current trade and investment cooperation between both partners are introduced. The main goal of the following fourth chapter is to analyze real impact of mutual cooperation on the selected country of Sub-Saharan region. The last chapter of the thesis analyses a relatively problematic and widely discussed issue: the classification and allocation of financial flows from China in the Sub-Saharan Africa.

This Thesis applies one of the most popular household models to the allocation of resources within poor rural households. Based on Browning and Goertz (2007) seminal Collective Household Model, the first Chapter conducts a literature review and derives conditions for identifying and testing the model. The next Chapter amends this model to evaluate efficiency of the intra-household allocation of male and female labour inputs in the domestic production of multiple crops. Using survey data from Uganda it is found that the division of labour between food and cash crops is made according to comparative advantage, but that Pareto improvements could be achieved by reallocating labour between male- and female-controlled plots. The final Chapter analyses the distribution of private consumption and leisure within rural couples in Tanzania. The findings provide limited support for the Collective Model, but are consistent with non-unitary household behaviour.

The aim of this thesis is to explain and analyze the komplexity of complicated relations between France as a former colonial power and Ivory Coast, its former colony, who also represents a strategic french political and economical partner. Theoretical part consists of the analysis of different approaches in theories of international relations. Based on the analysis, it tries to explain the character of these relations. Followed by the consecutive theoretical analysis of the french african policy practice of the french presidents and searches for the features that these policies have in common. Practical part applies the findings from the theoretical part on the concrete problem in the case of the French policy towards Ivory Coast and tests the theoretical conclusions in the historical evolution of the french and ivorian relations in the specific unstable situation that occurs in the Sub-Saharan region.

This thesis examines Chinese foreign direct investments in Sub-Saharan Africa and their influence on Chinese foreign policy on the continent between the years 2004 and 2010. It is often believed that oil and raw materials are the principal determinants of Chinese investments in Africa. However, this research suggests that even though there exists strong correlation between the existence of reserves of raw materials and FDI distribution, such motivation is not the only one. Pragmatism, manifested by the Chinese government in FDI allocation, can lead the People's Republic to invest in controversial countries with bad governance like Sudan. China is then forced to keep closer relations with such countries and thus promote their stability to protect its investments. Tools of such efforts include foreign policy, closer cooperation on multilateral level, which includes establishment of Forum on China-Africa Cooperation, and foreign aid.

The aim of this work is to analyse the amount of wealth that annually leaves Sub-Saharan Africa. The theoretical part introduces individual theoretical concepts that are involved in the work's topic. In practical part, there is given a space at first to the quantification of the very amount that leaves Sub-Saharan states every year. Furthermore, the size of this wealth is measured with regard to the economic character and the level of development of individual countries. Measured is also the origin of that money according to the different industries. The work answers the question, which reasons stand behind the fact, that Sub-Saharan region sends annually not-negligible wealth to the rest of the world. This work shows that there is a direct proportion between nation's wealth and the size of money leaving the country, represented by the gap between GDP and GNI. This is caused by foreign investments, which stand behind the economic development, however the revenues usually go into rich countries outside Africa. The least loss of wealth is therefore recorded from the poorest states, whereas countries most affected by the wealth loss are usually richer and heavily dependent upon natural resources mining.

Shockwaves from the 2007–2010 financial crises caused a huge economic downturn and impacted countries and market centres globally. This blemished the reputation of the banks with many blaming the global financial crisis on reckless banking and lending practices. As a result, there was an increased focus on regulatory reform. The Sub-Saharan Africa regional integration is aimed at strengthening the effectiveness and credibility of economic policies, economic performance and trade improvement. Africa embarked on global integration of economic and financial systems to reduce poverty and sustain economic growth. This research examines the adaptability and responsiveness of South African banking regulations in Sub-Saharan Africa in relation to regional economic integration. An improved understanding of this relationship provides key principles and a greater understanding for regulatory bodies and banks to enhance their management of regulatory change in emerging markets. Unstructured interviews were held in this research with banks and financial and regulatory authority members in South Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa. The research results were inconclusive in terms of the adaptability and responsiveness of South African banking to the rest of Sub-Saharan Africa. Bank challenges were identified in terms of regulatory development, implementation and regional integration. The lack of empirical data indicated the need for quantitative research and understanding integrational factors that could be used to measure the rate of integration and adaptability. New categories were identified which need further research to gain a comprehensive understanding on the adaptability and responsiveness of South African banking to the rest of Sub-Saharan Africa. / Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / lmgibs2015 / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / Unrestricted

La thèse s’intéresse à la construction et l’évolution de sous-classes de réfugiés au sein du système international de protection mis en place par le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les Réfugiés depuis les années 1950. Par un premier travail d’analyse des archives de l’organisation internationale, elle montre comment le système de protection a toujours fonctionné en opérant un tri parmi les réfugiés statutaires. L’analyse porte plus particulièrement sur la manière dont les « réfugiés africains » ont, dès leur arrivée dans le système international durant les années 1970, été pensés et traités comme des réfugiés particuliers. Par un second travail qualitatif mené au Maroc entre 2014 et 2015, la thèse s’intéresse au prolongement et à l’actualisation de ces enjeux en analysant le cas des « réfugiés subsahariens ». Réfugiés statutaires, ils constituent pourtant l’incarnation du « faux réfugié » sur lequel pèse un soupçon permanent. La thèse s’intéresse alors à l’expérience des individus pris dans cette sous-classe et à leurs tactiques pour tenter d’être reconnus et traités « comme des réfugiés à part entière ». / This PhD research focuses on the construction et evolution of refugees’ subclasses within the international protection system implemented since the 1950s by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. This work firstly explains, based on this international organisation’s archives, how the protection system has always operated by selecting within recognised refugees. The analysis examines how « African refugees », since their arrival in the international system in the 1970s, have been thoughts of and treated as peculiar refugees. Secondly, a fieldwork in Morocco between 2014 and 2015 addresses the realisation of these issues thanks to a case study analysis of the « sub-Saharan refugees ». Despite being recognised refugees, they embody the « bogus refugee » under constant suspicion. This research focuses on the experience of individuals caught up in this subclass and on their tactics in order to be recognised and treated as « full-fledged refugees ».

Pour les femmes immigrées d’Afrique sub-Saharienne l’arrivée en France peut constituer une rupture dans leur trajectoire sexuelle, affective et reproductive. Si beaucoup ont déjà fait l’expérience d’une grossesse avant leur arrivée, un certain nombre n’aura pas encore débuté sa vie reproductive. Toutefois et pour les femmes qui le souhaitent, l’arrivée en France, et le changement du paysage contraceptif peut être l’occasion d’accéder à une contraception efficace ou bien de changer de méthode. En 2010, en France, sur l’ensemble de la population des femmes âgées entre 15-49 ans et en besoin de contraception, 78.5% déclarait utiliser une contraception médicale contre 22.9% en Afrique subsaharienne (tous pays confondus) pour les femmes de la même tranche d’âge. Par ailleurs, la population originaire d’Afrique subsaharienne est particulièrement touchée par le VIH/sida en Afrique mais aussi en France, où ils représentent le deuxième groupe le plus affecté.A partir de deux enquêtes, Parcours et Vespa 2, notre étude a visé à mettre en lumière les pratiques contraceptives et les éventuelles inégalités en matière de contraception dont les immigrées originaires d’Afrique subsaharienne feraient l’objet, afin de repérer les leviers d’une meilleure prise en charge de leur santé sexuelle et reproductive.Les résultats de cette thèse mettent en évidence que les femmes africaines immigrées se saisissent d'un système qui articule la promotion de la contraception, un dispositif d'accès facilitant et des pratiques médicales aboutissant à une forte adhésion à la contraception médicale efficace puisque la majorité des femmes déclare utiliser la pilule, l’implant et parfois le DIU. Ces résultats sont toutefois à moduler pour deux raisons. D’une part, lorsque les femmes vivent avec le VIH, (les femmes immigrées ou nées en France) utilisent très majoritairement le préservatif. D’autre part, le recours à l’implant est nettement plus marqué qu’en population générale ce qui doit nous inciter à poursuivre les études pour savoir jusqu'à quel point les méthodes en usage correspondent à un choix et conviennent aux besoins des femmes . / For immigrant women from sub-Saharan Africa, arriving in France may be a break in their sexual, emotional and reproductive trajectory. If many have already experienced pregnancy before arriving, a number will not have started their reproductive life. However, for women who wish so, the arrival in France and the change in the contraceptive landscape may be an opportunity to access effective contraception or to change the method. In 2010, in France, of the entire population of women between the ages of 15-49 and in need of contraception, 78.5% reported using medical contraception compared to 22.9% in sub-Saharan Africa (all countries combined) for women in the same age group. Moreover, the population from sub-Saharan Africa is particularly affected by HIV/AIDS in Africa but also in France, where they represent the second most affected group.Based on two surveys, Parcours and Vespa 2, our study aimed to highlight the contraceptive practices and possible inequalities in contraception that immigrant women from sub-Saharan Africa face, in order to identify improvements in their sexual and reproductive health care.The results of this thesis highlight that African immigrant women seize a system that articulates the sponsoring of contraception, easier access and medical practices resulting in a strong adherence to effective medical contraception since the majority of women report using the pill, the implant and sometimes the IUD. These results must however be adjusted for two reasons. On one hand, women living with HIV (immigrant women or women born in France) use condoms for the most part. On the other hand, the use of an implant is much more pervasive than in the general population which should encourage us to continue studying to what extent the methods in use correspond to a choice and are adapted to the needs of women.

The study seeks to explain how sustainable entrepreneurship occurs in a resource constrained setting. This is important as it improves our understanding of how entrepreneurs respond to adversity and develop opportunities that jointly address the social, environmental and economic dimensions of entrepreneurship. Previous research has discussed the antecedents, outcomes and contextual conditions that drive sustainable entrepreneurship. However, what is absent from this growing research body is knowledge of the mechanisms through which individuals engage in this type of entrepreneurship. The study seeks to answer the following research question: “How do individuals faced with resource constraints engage in sustainable entrepreneurship?” Using effectuation as a lens, a multi-method qualitative approach based on multiple case studies was adopted in this research and a mix of inductive and deductive analyses, also referred to as abductive analysis was employed. A sample of 5 sustainable enterprises were purposively selected in Uganda, located in sub-Saharan Africa. The results show that resource constraints compel the entrepreneurs to seek expertise and resources from others with mutual goals while controlling expenses. In the process the entrepreneur learns and adapts to the emergent opportunity. The entrepreneur’s actions are further influenced by passion that sustains the activity in the face of challenges. In this research, sustainable entrepreneurship is further explicated showing that the social, economic and environmental objectives exist in a state of shifting, supportive interaction of one another. The study clarifies our understanding of how entrepreneurs cope with inadequate resources. It explains the mechanisms through which individuals contending with resource constraints employ control as opposed to prediction strategies to exploit entrepreneurship opportunities. In this way the study contributes to the literature by proposing the fusion of cognitive and affective dimensions in realizing sustainable entrepreneurship goals. The study further suggests that the multiple objectives that typify the pursuits of sustainable entrepreneurs serve as supportive mechanisms and this puts into question arguments that these firms face comparatively larger challenges than those that singularly pursue economic objectives. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2018. / Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS) / PhD / Unrestricted