Functionally, a vertically split fovea should confer an advantage to the processor. Visual stumuli arriving to each eye would be vertically split and the two parts sent to different hemispheres, obeying the crossed nature of the visual pathways. I test the prediction of a functional advantage for the separate lateralisation of text processing from the two eyes. I explore this hypothesis by means of psycholinguistic experimentation and cognitive modelling. I employed a haploscope to show foveated text to the two eyes separately, controlling for location and presentation duration, and guaranteeing that each eye could not see the other eye's stimuli. I carried out a series of experiments, based on this novel paradigm, to explore the effects of a vertically split fovea on correctness of word perception. The experiments showed: (i) words presented exclusively to the contralateral hemifoveas are more correctly reported than words presented exclusively to the ipsilateral hemifoveas; (ii) the same full word shown to both eyes and available for fusion led to better perception; (iii) word endings with fewer type-count neighbours were more accurately reported, as were beginnings with larger type-count neighbours; (iv) uncrossed-eye stumuli were better perceived than crossed-eye stimuli; (v) principled roles in a model of isolated word recognition for lexical and sublexical neighbourhood statistics, syllabicity, hemispheric fine- and coarse-coding differences, sex of the reader, handedness, left and right eye, and visual pathways. Finally, I propose a connectionist model of visual word recognition that incorporates these findings and is a basis for further exploration.

We used fMRI to examine the neural substrates of sublexical phoneme-grapheme conversion during spelling in a group of healthy young adults. Participants performed a writing-to-dictation task involving irregular words (e.g., choir), plausible nonwords (e.g., kroid), and a control task of drawing familiar geometric shapes (e.g., squares). Written production of both irregular words and nonwords engaged a left hemisphere perisylvian network associated with reading/spelling and phonological processing skills. Effects of lexicality, manifested by increased activation during nonword relative to irregular word spelling, were noted in anterior perisylvian regions (posterior inferior frontal gyrus/operculum/precentral gyrus/insula), and in left ventral occipito-temporal cortex. In addition to enhanced neural responses within domain-specific components of the language network, the increased cognitive demands associated with spelling nonwords engaged domain-general frontoparietal cortical networks involved in selective attention and executive control. These results elucidate the neural substrates of sublexical processing during written language production and complement lesion-deficit correlation studies of phonological agraphia.

Esta dissertação empreende análise da estrutura SematosÊmica-Signumicular da Língua de Sinais Brasileira (Libras) em termos de cruzamentos entre os seguintes parâmetros: Articulação de cada Mão; Orientação de cada Palma; Orientação de cada Mão; Relação entre Mãos; Movimento de cada Mão; Expressão Facial indicando Sentimentos Positivos e de Sentimentos Negativos. Foi utilizado o software BuscaSigno-2 para empreender a análise do corpus de 10.400 sinais da 2a. edição revista e ampliada do Novo Dicionário enciclopédico ilustrado trilíngue da Língua de Sinais Brasileira (Libras) de Capovilla, Raphael e Mauricio (2012). O objetivo foi caracterizar Libras em busca das combinações mais características entre os SematosEmas dos sinais de Libras. A dissertação apresenta os dados de uma extensa análise piloto que usou BuscaSigno-2 para computar as incidências absoluta e relativa de sinais que contêm os 13 seguintes cruzamentos entre SematosEmas: 1: articulação da mão direita e articulação da mão esquerda (AMD x AME); 2: articulação da mão direita e movimento da mão direita (AMD x MMD); 3: articulação da mão direita e orientação da palma direita (AMD x OPD); 4: articulação da mão esquerda e movimento da mão esquerda (AME x MME); 5: articulação da mão esquerda e orientação da palma esquerda (AME x OPE); 6: articulação da mão direita, orientação da mão direita, orientação da palma direita (AMD x OMD x OPD); 7: articulação da mão esquerda, orientação da mão esquerda, orientação da palma esquerda (AME x OME x OPE); 8: articulação da mão direita, orientação da palma direita, e movimento da mão direita (AMD x OPD x MMD); 9: articulação da mão direita, articulação da mão esquerda, relação entre mãos (AMD x AME x RM); 10: movimento da mão direita, sentimentos sensações positivas (MMD x SSP); 11: movimento da mão direita, sentimentos sensações negativas (MMD x SSN); 12: articulação da mão direita, movimento da mão direita, sentimentos sensações positivas (AMD x MMD x SSP); 13: articulação da mão direita, movimento da mão direita, sentimentos sensações negativas (AMD x MMD x SSN). Em busca de caracterizar as combinações mais típicas entre os SematosEmas em Libras, foram analisados 122.163 cruzamentos em busca dos sinais que os contivessem. Foram computados os sinais em cada um desses 122.163 cruzamentos. Dos 122.163 cruzamentos analisados, foram identificados 21.328 cruzamentos válidos (i.e., com incidência superior a zero). Destes, foram identificados 369 cruzamentos canônicos (i.e., com incidência maior que 50% da incidência total naquele tipo de cruzamento). Esses 369 cruzamentos canônicos foram, então, ordenados por incidência decrescente, de modo a caracterizar Libras em seu \"DNA\" com vistas a permitir estudos ulteriores de Linguística Comparada entre Libras e outras línguas de sinais. Esta dissertação apresenta essas combinações mais típicas, refinando essas análises e apreciando os achados à luz do Modelo de Processamento de Informação da Psicologia Cognitiva, e do Novo Paradigma Neuropsicolinguístico de Linguagem Oral, Escrita e de Sinais de Capovilla (2011, 2012, 2013). Esta dissertação também torna possível descobrir o grau de utilidade de cada um dos SematosEmas- SignumÍculos de Libras para empreender a recuperação lexical desses sinais de Libras por parte de surdos brasileiros / The present thesis analyzes the phonological (SematosEmic) structure of Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) in terms of crossings among the following parameters: handshape; palm orientation; hand orientation; relationship between hands; hand movement; and facial expression indicating positive and negative feelings. SignTracking-2 software (Duduchi & Capovilla, 2006) was used to undertake the analysis of the corpus of 10,400 signals of the second edition of the New Libras dictionary (Capovilla, Raphael, & Mauricio, 2012). The objective was to characterize Libras in search of combinations among the most typical SematosEmes. This thesis presents data from an extensive pilot analysis that used SignTracking-2 to calculate the absolute and relative incidences of signs containing the following 13 intersections among SematosEmes: 1: right handshape and left handshape (AMD x AME); 2: right handshape and right hand movement (AMD x MMD); 3: right handshape and right palm orientation (AMD x OPD); 4: left handshape and left hand movement (AME x MME); 5: left handshape and left palm orientation (AME x OPE); 6: right handshape and right hand orientation and right palm orientation (AMD x OMD x OPD); 7: left handshape and left hand orientation and left palm orientation (AME x OME x OPE); 8: right handshape and right palm orientation and right hand movement (AMD x OPD x MMD); 9: right handshape and left handshape and relationship between hands (AMD x AME x RM); 10: right hand movement and positive facial expression (MMD x SSP); 11: right hand movement and negative facial expression (MMD x SSN); 12: right handshape and right hand movement and positive facial expression (AMD x MMD x SSP); 13: right handshape and right hand movement and negative facial expression (AMD x MMD x SSN). In order to discover what are the most typical combinations among Libras SematosEmes, 122.163 SematosEme combinations were analyzed and the incidence of signs containing those combinations in the sign corpus of the dictionary was computed. Using the software BuscaSigno-2, the incidence of signs pertaing to each of the 122.163 combinations was computed. Of the 122.163 combinations analyzed, the software identified 21.328 valid combinations with incidence greater than zero. After that, the software computed the sign incidence at each of the 21.328 valid combinations, and calculated the mean sign incidence. Based on that, the software identified the 369 canonical combinations, in which the sign incidence was greater than the average sign incidence in all combinations. These 369 canonical combinations were then ordered by decreasing incidence, in order to characterize Libras in its \"DNA\". Such a characterization is useful for further studies in Sign Language Comparative Linguistics, in which Libras is to be compated to other sign languages. The present thesis presents the most typical combinations among SematosEmes that characterize Libras. The findings are discussed in the light of the Information Processing Model of Cognitive Psychology and the New Paradigm Neuropsycholinguistic of Oral Language, Writing and Signal from Capovilla (2011, 2012, 2013). The present thesis paves the way to further studies on the relationships between sign structure and cognitive sign processing, such as memory sign retrieval Libras by the Brazilian deaf

Esta dissertação empreende análise da estrutura SematosÊmica-Signumicular da Língua de Sinais Brasileira (Libras) em termos de cruzamentos entre os seguintes parâmetros: Articulação de cada Mão; Orientação de cada Palma; Orientação de cada Mão; Relação entre Mãos; Movimento de cada Mão; Expressão Facial indicando Sentimentos Positivos e de Sentimentos Negativos. Foi utilizado o software BuscaSigno-2 para empreender a análise do corpus de 10.400 sinais da 2a. edição revista e ampliada do Novo Dicionário enciclopédico ilustrado trilíngue da Língua de Sinais Brasileira (Libras) de Capovilla, Raphael e Mauricio (2012). O objetivo foi caracterizar Libras em busca das combinações mais características entre os SematosEmas dos sinais de Libras. A dissertação apresenta os dados de uma extensa análise piloto que usou BuscaSigno-2 para computar as incidências absoluta e relativa de sinais que contêm os 13 seguintes cruzamentos entre SematosEmas: 1: articulação da mão direita e articulação da mão esquerda (AMD x AME); 2: articulação da mão direita e movimento da mão direita (AMD x MMD); 3: articulação da mão direita e orientação da palma direita (AMD x OPD); 4: articulação da mão esquerda e movimento da mão esquerda (AME x MME); 5: articulação da mão esquerda e orientação da palma esquerda (AME x OPE); 6: articulação da mão direita, orientação da mão direita, orientação da palma direita (AMD x OMD x OPD); 7: articulação da mão esquerda, orientação da mão esquerda, orientação da palma esquerda (AME x OME x OPE); 8: articulação da mão direita, orientação da palma direita, e movimento da mão direita (AMD x OPD x MMD); 9: articulação da mão direita, articulação da mão esquerda, relação entre mãos (AMD x AME x RM); 10: movimento da mão direita, sentimentos sensações positivas (MMD x SSP); 11: movimento da mão direita, sentimentos sensações negativas (MMD x SSN); 12: articulação da mão direita, movimento da mão direita, sentimentos sensações positivas (AMD x MMD x SSP); 13: articulação da mão direita, movimento da mão direita, sentimentos sensações negativas (AMD x MMD x SSN). Em busca de caracterizar as combinações mais típicas entre os SematosEmas em Libras, foram analisados 122.163 cruzamentos em busca dos sinais que os contivessem. Foram computados os sinais em cada um desses 122.163 cruzamentos. Dos 122.163 cruzamentos analisados, foram identificados 21.328 cruzamentos válidos (i.e., com incidência superior a zero). Destes, foram identificados 369 cruzamentos canônicos (i.e., com incidência maior que 50% da incidência total naquele tipo de cruzamento). Esses 369 cruzamentos canônicos foram, então, ordenados por incidência decrescente, de modo a caracterizar Libras em seu \"DNA\" com vistas a permitir estudos ulteriores de Linguística Comparada entre Libras e outras línguas de sinais. Esta dissertação apresenta essas combinações mais típicas, refinando essas análises e apreciando os achados à luz do Modelo de Processamento de Informação da Psicologia Cognitiva, e do Novo Paradigma Neuropsicolinguístico de Linguagem Oral, Escrita e de Sinais de Capovilla (2011, 2012, 2013). Esta dissertação também torna possível descobrir o grau de utilidade de cada um dos SematosEmas- SignumÍculos de Libras para empreender a recuperação lexical desses sinais de Libras por parte de surdos brasileiros / The present thesis analyzes the phonological (SematosEmic) structure of Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) in terms of crossings among the following parameters: handshape; palm orientation; hand orientation; relationship between hands; hand movement; and facial expression indicating positive and negative feelings. SignTracking-2 software (Duduchi & Capovilla, 2006) was used to undertake the analysis of the corpus of 10,400 signals of the second edition of the New Libras dictionary (Capovilla, Raphael, & Mauricio, 2012). The objective was to characterize Libras in search of combinations among the most typical SematosEmes. This thesis presents data from an extensive pilot analysis that used SignTracking-2 to calculate the absolute and relative incidences of signs containing the following 13 intersections among SematosEmes: 1: right handshape and left handshape (AMD x AME); 2: right handshape and right hand movement (AMD x MMD); 3: right handshape and right palm orientation (AMD x OPD); 4: left handshape and left hand movement (AME x MME); 5: left handshape and left palm orientation (AME x OPE); 6: right handshape and right hand orientation and right palm orientation (AMD x OMD x OPD); 7: left handshape and left hand orientation and left palm orientation (AME x OME x OPE); 8: right handshape and right palm orientation and right hand movement (AMD x OPD x MMD); 9: right handshape and left handshape and relationship between hands (AMD x AME x RM); 10: right hand movement and positive facial expression (MMD x SSP); 11: right hand movement and negative facial expression (MMD x SSN); 12: right handshape and right hand movement and positive facial expression (AMD x MMD x SSP); 13: right handshape and right hand movement and negative facial expression (AMD x MMD x SSN). In order to discover what are the most typical combinations among Libras SematosEmes, 122.163 SematosEme combinations were analyzed and the incidence of signs containing those combinations in the sign corpus of the dictionary was computed. Using the software BuscaSigno-2, the incidence of signs pertaing to each of the 122.163 combinations was computed. Of the 122.163 combinations analyzed, the software identified 21.328 valid combinations with incidence greater than zero. After that, the software computed the sign incidence at each of the 21.328 valid combinations, and calculated the mean sign incidence. Based on that, the software identified the 369 canonical combinations, in which the sign incidence was greater than the average sign incidence in all combinations. These 369 canonical combinations were then ordered by decreasing incidence, in order to characterize Libras in its \"DNA\". Such a characterization is useful for further studies in Sign Language Comparative Linguistics, in which Libras is to be compated to other sign languages. The present thesis presents the most typical combinations among SematosEmes that characterize Libras. The findings are discussed in the light of the Information Processing Model of Cognitive Psychology and the New Paradigm Neuropsycholinguistic of Oral Language, Writing and Signal from Capovilla (2011, 2012, 2013). The present thesis paves the way to further studies on the relationships between sign structure and cognitive sign processing, such as memory sign retrieval Libras by the Brazilian deaf

Within a dual-route neuropsychological model, two distinct but interrelated pathways are used to read and write, known as the lexical and sublexical routes. Individuals with reading and writing deficits often exhibit impairments in one or both of these routes, and therefore must rely on the combined power of the integrated system in print processing tasks. The resultant errors reflect varying degrees of lexical and sublexical accuracy in a single production. However, no system presently exists to analyze bimodal errors robustly in both routes. The goal of this project was to develop a system that simultaneously, quantitatively, and qualitatively captures lexical and sublexical errors for single-word reading and writing tasks. This system evaluates responses hierarchically in both routes according to proximity to a target. Each response earns a bivariate score [sublexical, lexical], which is plotted along x and y axes. This scoring system was developed using data from a novel treatment study for patients with acquired alexia/agraphia. Repeated-measures multivariate analyses of variance and post hoc analyses revealed a significant treatment effect in both the lexical and sublexical systems. Qualitative analyses were also conducted to evaluate patterns of change in both the trained and untrained modalities, in the sublexical and lexical systems. Overall, the results of this study indicate that treatment-induced evolution of reading/writing responses can be comprehensively represented by this novel scoring system. / 2018-07-07T00:00:00Z

Adults with language impairment have poor language skills, but may or may not have reading deficits. For those identified with literacy difficulties as children, deficits in the skills related to sublexical level decoding skills can persist into adulthood. Decoding deficits, current or remediated, would implicate the sublexical interaction of orthography and phonology. In addition, the heterogeneous reading profiles of adults with language impairment provide an opportunity to examine whether the deficits in this bidirectional link between orthography and phonology are related to reading deficit specifically or language impairment globally. Sixty adults, 30 with language impairment and 30 with typical language, participated in this study. Nonword stimuli, orthogonally varied based on orthographic and phonological neighborhood density, were presented in two sublexical tasks, nonword repetition and nonword spelling. The experiment revealed a pattern of similar responses for adults with and without language impairment. However, adults with impaired language had significantly poorer performance on both the nonword repetition task and the nonword spelling task. Additional analyses indicated that both language and literacy measures predicted the overall performance on the orthogonally varied nonword repetition and nonword spelling tasks. This study highlights the existence of a bidirectional influence between phonological and orthographic processing. For adults with language impairment it appears that this bidirectional link is intact at the sublexical level.

Thesis (M.A. (African Languages)) -- University of Limpopo, 2004 / Refer to the document / Department of Sports, Arts and Culture

This study used an item-based approach to explore the full range of lexical-semantic (word frequency and imageability) and sublexical characteristics (regularity and consistency) of stimulus items. Oral reading and spelling-to-dictation data from 72 adults with acquired alexia/agraphia due to stroke or progressive aphasia were analyzed to determine unique influences of lexical-semantic and sublexical variables on performance. Multiple regression analyses were performed for each etiology and lesion group (i.e., perisylvian stoke, extrasylvian stroke, perisylvian atrophy, and extrasylvian atrophy). As expected, word frequency had a significant influence on reading and spelling performance in almost all contexts. Of particular interest was the consistent finding that written language performance associated with left perisylvian damage was moderated primarily by lexical-semantic features of stimuli (frequency and imageability), whereas performance by those with left extrasylvian damage was strongly influenced by sublexical features of sound-spelling regularity and, to a lesser extent, consistency.