This paper presents a translog model designed to estimate the elasticity of substitution between capital, non-production workers, and production workers using U.S. manufacturing data for the period 1988 to 1997. The elasticity of substitution estimates derived from the translog model suggest that production workers and capital are substitutes, as well as non-production and production workers. Although the estimates do not provide conclusive evidence regarding the degree of substitutability between non-production workers and capital, they do indicate that the degree of substitutability between production workers and capital is greater than it is between non-production workers and capital. / Master of Arts

The work in this thesis describes investigations into the development of a tandem radicallDiels-Alder reaction strategy for the construction of indole alkaloids. The synthesis of a key precursor, 2-[(4-methylphenyl)sulfonyl]indole, was investigated and involved two main· strategies: functionalisation of the indole ring using lithiation procedures and assembling the indole as a key step (chapter 2). A method based on the former strategy was deemed to be the most practical and delivered the desired product in moderate yields (35 - 45%). The viability of the first step of the proposed tandem radicallDiels-Alder strategy was investigated by examining the intramolecular addition of vinyl and aryl radicals to a sulfone substituted indole (chapter 3). These studies showed that the addition of sp2 centred radicals to substituted indoles was feasible (20 - 40%). A study using an acetylenic precursor also provided useful information about the relative rates of desulfonylation and radical addition to acetyleneS; de-sulfonylation is a competing process. An alternative tandem palladiumlDiels-Alder reaction was briefly examined, but was thwarted by capricious palladium catalysed cross coupling reactions. Further studies were carried out to extend the scope of the novel ipso substitution reaction (chapter 4). It was found that alkyl radical cyclisations proceed efficiently to give a new ~ethod for the synthesis of fused[1,2-a]indoles (30 - 84%). The feasibility of a related ipso substitution using phenylthio and phenylsulfinyl substituted indoles was also examined. It was found that these reactions are also successful, but proceed in reduced yields compared with the sulfones (24 - 51 %). These results could be attributed to the more favoured reaction of the electron rich carbon centred radical with the more electrophilic 1t bond. The thesis is concluded by a brief discussion of the mechanism of these cyclisations with the available experimental evidence supporting an addition! elimination pathway.

published_or_final_version / Chemistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Chemistry / Master / Master of Science

published_or_final_version / Chemistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Chemistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

There has been a lot of work done in recent decades in the field of symbolic dynamics. Much attention has been paid to the so-called "complexity" function, which gives a sense of the rate at which the number of words in the system grow. In this paper, we explore this and several notions of complexity of specific symbolic dynamical systems. In particular, we compute positive entropy and state some k-balancedness properties of a few specific (random) substitutions. We also view certain sequences as subsets of Z², stating several properties and computing bounds on entropy in a specific example. / Graduation date: 2011

No description available.

Dans les années 90 le monde de la "prise en charge de la toxicomanie" connaît un tournant. La "toxicomanie" état jusque là confinée dans un "dispositif spécialisé" qui en faisait le symptôme d'une perturbation inhérente à l'individu, d'origine psychologique. Mais l'épidémie du SIDA, dont les toxicomanes sont l'une des premières victimes, vient reconsidérer cette prise en charge. Dorénavant il faut avant tout lutter contre la maladie et surtout enrayer sa propagation. Il faut sortir le "toxicomane" de sa condition de "malade" pour le considérer comme un partenaire responsable dans sa prise en charge. En d'autres termes s'en faire un allié contre le virus. Ainsi ce sont des initiatives et des dispositifs qui se regroupent pour converger vers ce qu'on appelle communément la "réduction des risques". L'usager de drogues devient un partenaire. Le dernier palier de cette politique se retrouve dans la mise sur le marché de la buprénorphine haut dosage en médecine de ville. Les usagers de drogues qui souhaitent arrêter peuvent s'adresser à un médecin pour obtenir un traitement de substitution. Cependant les médecins généralistes connaissent peu les usagers de drogues. Comment accueillent-t-ils cette nouvelle clientèle? C'est là l'un des objectifs que de comprendre comment les médecins composent avec cette nouvelle clientèle atypique et comment ils l'intègrent, ou pas, dans leur routine quotidienne. Au-delà il s'agit de comprendre également pourquoi la "médecine générale" était destinée à prendre en charge ce dernier palier de la "réduction des risques". Autrement dit, parce que les médecins généralistes sont ouverts, ils sont susceptibles de drainer un maximum d'usager de drogues à la recherche d'un produit de substitution / In the nineteen nineties, the drug addiction treatment world took a change of direction. Until then "drug addiction" was confined to specialised approach, which treated it as the symptom of a disturbance inherent in the individual, psychological in origin. But the AIDS epidemic, which counts drugs addicts among its first victims, led to a reconsideration of how addiction was handled. It was now above all question of fighting the disease and especially halting its spread. The drug addict had to be taken out of his condition as a "sick person " and considered as a responsible partner in his own care. In other words, he had to be made an ally in the fight against the virus. Thus initiatives and schemes started to converge towards what is commonly known as "risk reduction". The drug user became a partner. The last stage of this policy can be seen in the placing on the market of high-dose buprenorphine, prescribed by GPs. Drug users who wish to stop using can see a GP to get a replacement therapy. However, general practitioners are not very familiar with drug users. How do the deal with this new patient group ? This is one of the objectives, to understand how doctors cope with this new, atypical patient group and how they integrate them – or not – into their daily routine. Beyond that, there is also the matter of understanding why it has been up to general pratcise to take on this last stage in the "risk reduction" process. In other words, because general practitioners are open to all, they are liable to attract a large number of users looking for a replacement therapy

四苯並環辛四烯是具有獨特結構而令人感興趣的分子。手性的四苯並環辛四烯可能呈現出特別的性質。本文第一章綜述了一些關於四苯並環辛四烯的基本資訊和研究進展。 / 第二章簡要介紹了合成手性四苯並環辛四烯的幾種方法。文中闡述了合成具有光學活性的四羥基四苯並環辛四烯(R,R)-60 和(S,S)-60的策略和合成方法。 / 第三章敘述了冠醚及其衍生物對手性銨離子識別的相關研究進展。同時， 對設計和合成四苯並環辛四烯四聚化合物、五聚化合物、六聚化合物進行了詳細討論。通過使用紫外滴定實驗，本章還研究了這些合成的受體對於手性氨基酸甲酯鹽的對映選擇性。 / 第四章，簡要綜述了冠醚與富勒烯之間識別的化學研究進展。本章同時描述了羥基大環冠醚、四聚體(R,R,S,S,R,R,S,S)-122以及四聚體的二聚體的合成策略和方法。文中從理論計算和實驗研究分別討論了這些受體和富勒烯之間相互作用。 / 第五章是總結與結論。 / 第六章是實驗部分[附圖]。 / Tetraphenylene is a structurally highly intriguing molecule. Chiral version of tetraphenylenes would exhibit special properties. In this thesis, some fundamental information and the developmental works on tetraphenylenes are described in Chapter I. / In Chapter II, various methods on synthesis of chiral tetraphenylene are briefly summarized. The strategies and syntheses of optically pure tetrahydroxytetraphenylenes (R,R)-60 and (S,S)-60 are presented. / In Chapter III, examples on crown ethers and their derivatives on chiral recognition towards ammonium ions are discussed. Also the design and syntheses of chiral marcrocyclic ethers such as tetramer, pentamer and hexamer are illustrated. Enantiomeric recognition of the hosts prepared towards amino acid methyl ester salts was investigated by using UV spectroscopic titration. / In Chapter IV, background on the chemistry of crown ether for recognition fullerenes is briefly reviewed. The syntheses of potential hydroxy macrocyclic crown ethers, tetramer (R,R,S,S,R,R,S,S)-122 together with tetramer dimer are demonstrated. The theoretically calculation and experimental results on these prepared potential hosts to recognize fullerenes are discussed. / In Chapter V, a short summary and conclusion of the results in the previous chapters are given. / In Chapter VI, experimental details are given [With images]. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Cheng, Chao. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 173-182). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Acknowledegements --- p.I / Abstract --- p.III / Abstract (Chinese Version) --- p.V / Abbreviation --- p.VII / Chapter Chapter I --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background of Tetraphenylenes --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- The Methods for Preparation of Tetraphenylenes --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Lithiation With Metal Assisted Coupling Reaction --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- High Temperature Pyrolysis --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Diels-Alder Cycloaddition With Subsequent Dehydrogenation --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Synthesis of Substituted Tetraphenylenes --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution of Tetraphenylenes --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Metal Catalysis at High Temperature --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- [2+2+2] Cycloaddition-Based Strategy --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.5 --- Benzo-Fused Tetraphenylenes from Diels-Alder Cycloaddition and Deoxygenation Protocol --- p.12 / Chapter 1.4 --- Applications of Tetraphenylene Derivatives as New Materials and Catalysts --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Applications of Tetraphenylene Derivatives as Molecular Devices --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Applications of Tetraphenylene Derivatives as Liquid Crystals --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Applications of Tetraphenylene Derivatives as Supramolecular Scaffolds --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Applications of Tetraphenylene Derivatives in Asymmetric Catalytic Reaction --- p.21 / Chapter Chapter II --- Asymmetric Synthesis of Chiral Tetraphenylenes --- p.24 / Chapter 2.1 --- Brief Introduction of Hydroxytetraphenylenes --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2 --- Synthesis of Chiral Substituted Tetraphenylenes --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Lithiation with Metal Assisted Coupling Reaction --- p.25 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Ligand Induced Coupling Reaction --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Rhodium Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Resolution of Racemic Substituted Tetraphenylenes --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3 --- Project Aim --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4 --- Results and Discussion --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Design of Chiral Tetraphenylenes --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Synthesis of Chiral Hydroxylated Tetraphenylenes --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter III --- Design and Synthesis of Chiral Marcrocyclic Derivatives of Tetraphenylene for Enantiomeric Recognition of Chiral Amino Acids --- p.45 / Chapter 3.1 --- Brief Introduction of Molecular Recognition --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2 --- Examples of Crown Ether Recognition Ammonium Salts --- p.46 / Chapter 3.3 --- Project Aim --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4 --- Results and Discussion --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Design of Macrocyclic Crown Ethers as Receptors --- p.54 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Synthesis of Chiral Macrocyclic Crown Ethers --- p.59 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Enantiomeric Recognition Studies Using UV-Titration Method --- p.72 / Chapter Chapter IV --- Potential Applications as Receptors of Fullerenes --- p.88 / Chapter 4.1 --- Background on the Chemistry of Crown Ether for Recognition of Fullerenes --- p.88 / Chapter 4.2 --- Project Aim --- p.96 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.96 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Design New Potential Candidates --- p.96 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Calculation Results --- p.98 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Synthesis of Potential Hosts --- p.102 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Experimental Results --- p.112 / Chapter Chapter V --- Summary and Conclusion --- p.115 / Chapter Chapter VI --- Experimental Sections --- p.120 / References --- p.173 / Appendix --- p.183