Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-09-15T18:31:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Vinicius Jos? Fernandes.pdf: 1911449 bytes, checksum: be7cc0bc21735a414b6214599fc45adc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-15T18:31:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2017 - Vinicius Jos? Fernandes.pdf: 1911449 bytes, checksum: be7cc0bc21735a414b6214599fc45adc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / CAPES / Termites are well known for their great economic importance as pests of various woods and other cellulosic materials. Among the termites harmful to the urban environment, standing out Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae), a species introduced in Brazil and frequently occurs in the Southeast region, causing incalculable economic losses to cellulosic materials and to living trees. The objectives of this study were to determine the foraging and feeding preference of the C. gestroi in relation to five types of wood (four forest species and MDF), with or without foraging monitoring device (bait-holder), in eight sites distribuited in different neighborhoods of the municipalities of Rio de Janeiro (Campo Grande, Padre Miguel and two sites in Santa Cruz), S?o Gon?alo (two sites in Alc?ntara) and Serop?dica (UFRRJ and Canto do Rio), RJ. These sites were selected because of the high foraging activity of C. gestroi. In each site, wood stakes of Allantoma lineata (Mart ex O. Berg) Miers, Didymopanax morototonii (Aubl.) Dcne. et Planch., Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Cheval., Pinus elliottii Engel. and MDF-Medium Density Fiberboard stakes were buried in the soil inside a PVC pipe and free (without pipes), simultaneously, in a situation of choice, equidistant from each other. The stakes remained buried in the soil for 15, 30, 60 and 90 days (n = 320), 50% within the bait-holder. At the end of each exposition period that the stakes remained in the soil, they were unearthed, the frequency of occurrence of C. gestroi on each stake was determine, and they were taken to the laboratory to determine the weight of the stake to calculate the wood consumption by termites. Forage castes, when present at the stakes, they were collected for conclusive identification. The experimental design adopted was the sub-sub split plot, where each type of wood represented a plot, each exposition period a sub-plot and the use or not of bait-holder a sub-sub plot. The Alc?ntara 2 site was the one that obtained the highest occurrence of C. gestroi foragers in the wood stakes. There was no occurrence of foraging in the stakes by C. gestroi in Alc?ntara 1, Santa Cruz 2 and Serop?dica 1 in all periods of exposure, although there was activity of this termite when the stakes were installed. The termite was able to recruit individuals to forage equally all the stakes of the forest species and the MDF. The longer the exposure time of the buried stakes, the greater the occurrence of C. gestroi and the consumption of the stakes by the termite, except in 30 days, since there could have been disturbances during the previous collection. The P. elliottii stakes were more consumed by C. gestroi followed by those of MDF, which were preferentially more consumed than stakes of D. morototonii and A. lineata. When there was both low and medium density woods in contact with the soil C. gestroi did not consume high density M. huberi wood. There was no difference in the occurrence of foraging and consumption of the stakes of the five types of wood with or without bait holder, indicating that this device facilitates the monitoring without interfering in these activities of C. gestroi. / Os t?rmitas s?o conhecidos por sua grande import?ncia econ?mica como pragas de diversas madeiras e de outros materiais celul?sicos. Em ?rea urbana, destaca-se Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann) (Blattodea: Rhinotermitidae), esp?cie introduzida no Brasil, com ocorr?ncia frequente na regi?o Sudeste, causando preju?zos econ?micos incalcul?veis a materiais celul?sicos e ?s ?rvores vivas. Este trabalho objetivou determinar o forrageamento e a prefer?ncia alimentar de C. gestroi em rela??o a cinco tipos de madeira (quatro esp?cies floretais e o MDF), com ou sem dispositivo de monitoramento do forrageamento (porta-isca), em oito locais distribu?dois em diferentes bairros dos munic?pios do Rio de Janeiro (Campo Grande, Padre Miguel e dois locais em Santa Cruz), S?o Gon?alo (dois locais em Alc?ntara) e Serop?dica (UFRRJ e Canto do Rio), RJ. Esses locais foram selecionados por apresentar alta atividade de forrageamento de C. gestroi. Em cada local, estacas de madeira de Allantoma lineata (Mart ex O. Berg) Miers, Didymopanax morototonii (Aubl.) Dcne. et Planch., Manilkara huberi (Ducke) Cheval., Pinus elliottii Engel. e estacas de MDF- Medium Density Fiberboard (Painel de Madeira de Densidade M?dia), previamente pesadas, foram enterradas no solo dentro de tubos de PVC e livres (sem tubos), em situa??o de escolha, equidistantes uma das outras. As estacas permaneceram enterradas no solo durante 15, 30, 60 e 90 dias (n=320), sendo 50% dentro do porta-isca. Ap?s cada per?odo de perman?ncia das estacas no solo, estas foram desenterradas, determinou-se a frequ?ncia de ocorr?ncia de C. gestroi em cada estaca e em seguida levadas para o laborat?rio para determina??o do peso para o c?lculo do consumo de madeira pelos t?rmitas. Castas forrageadoras, quando presentes nas estacas, foram coletadas para identifica??o conclusiva. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de parcela sub-sub dividida, onde cada tipo de madeira representou uma parcela, cada ?poca de avalia??o uma sub-parcela e o uso ou n?o de porta-isca uma sub-sub parcela. O local Alc?ntara 2 foi a que obteve a maior ocorr?ncia de forrageadores de C. gestroi nas estacas de madeira. N?o houve ocorr?ncia de forrageamento nas estacas por C. gestroi em Alc?ntara 1, Santa Cruz 2 e Serop?dica 1 em todos os per?odos de exposi??o, embora existisse atividade desse t?rmita quando da instala??o das estacas. O t?rmita foi capaz de recrutar indiv?duos para forragear igualmente todas as estacas das esp?cies florestais e de MDF. Quanto maior o tempo de exposi??o das estacas enterradas, maior foi a ocorr?ncia de C. gestroi e o consumo das mesmas pelo t?rmita, exceto em 30 dias, pois pode ter ocorrido perturba??es durante a coleta anterior. As estacas de P. elliottii foram mais consumidas por C. gestroi, seguida das de MDF, as quais foram preferencialmente mais consumidas que estacas de D. morototonii e A. lineata. Quando houve simultaneamente madeiras de densidade baixa e m?dia em contato com o solo C. gestroi n?o consomiu a madeira de M. huberi, de densidade alta. N?o houve diferen?a na ocorr?ncia de forrageamento e consumo das estacas dos cinco tipos de madeira com ou sem porta-isca, indicando que este dipositivo facilita o monitoramento sem interferir nessas atividades de C. gestroi.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-03-13T13:52:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Aline Barreto Santos.pdf: 883584 bytes, checksum: 8c172d2d89cd730277fc41a3b05b4e69 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-13T13:52:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Aline Barreto Santos.pdf: 883584 bytes, checksum: 8c172d2d89cd730277fc41a3b05b4e69 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The arboreal termites that are part of the Brazilian fauna attack urban areas that have expanded into areas of wild vegetation. The urban trees when not follow the proper principles of planting and management, transforms the trees into nesting sites and feeding termites. Thus, arboreal species of termites begin to assume increasing importance as pests. This study aimed to identify the species of termites associated with tree species and verify, under field conditions, if these termites exhibit preference for nesting and foraging, in the sandbank area of Catalan Island, in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, RJ. For this, 95 were chosen randomly planting rows of trees located in this area. These lines has traveled a path of 100 m, also randomly chosen, and during that route all the trees were inspected to verify the occurrence of termites. Termites found were collected, preserved in 70% alcohol for later identification. To assess the preferred nesting, all the trees were inspected for the presence nests of N. corniger. The occurrence of termites was registered in all tree rows sampled (n = 95). Of the total of 545 inspected trees, 77% were infested by termites, identified four species distributed into two families: three native species Termitidae (Nasutitermes corniger Motschulsky, Nasutitermes jaraguae Holmgren and Microcerotermes strunckii Soerensen) and an exotic species of Rhinotermitidae (Coptotermes gestroi Wasmann). The most frequent species was N. corniger (?2 = 82.04, df = 3, p <0.001), occurring in 79% of infested trees, followed by N. jaraguae (6% of infested trees). The termite species least infested trees were found in C. gestroi (1%) and M. strunckii (1%). In general , the exotic tree species Albizia Lebeck is the most infested by termites and also exotic Leucaena leucocephala is less infested. 114 Nest establishment of N. corniger were identified, and the tree species Schinus terebinthifolius the most nidificada. So the trees of the Catalan's Island salt marsh area are infested with native and exotic termites, however, the native termite N. corniger is predominant. / Os t?rmitas arbor?colas que fazem parte da fauna brasileira atacam ?reas urbanas que expandiram sobre ?reas de vegeta??o silvestre. A arboriza??o urbana quando n?o segue os preceitos adequados de plantio e manejo, transforma as ?rvores em locais de nidifica??o e alimenta??o dos cupins. Dessa forma, esp?cies arbor?colas de cupins passam a assumir import?ncia crescente como pragas. Esse estudo objetivou identificar as esp?cies de cupins associadas a esp?cies arb?reas e verificar, em condi??es de campo, se esses t?rmitas exibem prefer?ncia para nidifica??o e forrageamento, na ?rea de restinga da Ilha do Catal?o, no munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Para isso, foram sorteadas aleatoriamente 95 linhas de plantio de ?rvores localizadas nessa ?rea. Nestas linhas foi percorrido um trajeto de 100 m, tamb?m escolhido aleatoriamente, e durante esse percurso todas as ?rvores foram inspecionadas para verificar a ocorr?ncia de cupins. Os cupins encontrados foram coletados, preservados em ?lcool 70% para posterior identifica??o. Para avaliar a prefer?ncia de nidifica??o, todas as ?rvores foram inspecionadas quanto a presen?a de ninhos de N. corniger. A ocorr?ncia de t?rmitas foi registrada em todas as linhas de plantio amostradas (n=95). Do total de 545 ?rvores inspecionadas, 77% estavam infestadas por cupins, sendo identificadas quatro esp?cies distribu?das em duas fam?lias: tr?s esp?cies nativas de Termitidae (Nasutitermes corniger Motschulsky, Nasutitermes jaraguae Holmgren e Microcerotermes strunckii Soerensen) e uma esp?cie ex?tica de Rhinotermitidae (Coptotermes gestroi Wasmann). A esp?cie mais frequente foi N. corniger (?2 =82,04; g.l.=3; p<0,001), ocorrendo em 79% das ?rvores infestadas, seguida por N. jaraguae (6% das ?rvores infestadas). As esp?cies de t?rmitas menos encontradas nas ?rvores infestadas foram C. gestroi (1%) e M. strunckii (1%). De maneira geral, a esp?cie arb?rea ex?tica Albizia lebeck ? a mais infestada pelos t?rmitas e a tamb?m ex?tica Leucaena leucocephala ? a menos infestada. Foram identificadas 114 nidifica??es de N. corniger, sendo a esp?cie arb?rea Schimus terebinthifolius a mais nidificada. Portanto, as ?rvores da ?rea de restinga da Ilha do Catal?o s?o infestadas por t?rmitas nativos e ex?ticos, no entanto, o t?rmita nativo N. corniger ? predominante