Women-owned businesses are one of the fastest growing entrepreneurial populations, accounting for 8 million of the 28 million small businesses in the United States. Small businesses fail at a rate of 55% by the 5th year of operation and women, who own over 30% of all small businesses, contribute significantly to the 55% small business failure rate. Using Schumpeter's framework, this single exploratory case study investigated how women entrepreneurial small business owners use strategies to sustain their business operation beyond 5 years. A purposeful sample identified 2 women salon small business owners located in the Macon, Georgia metro area. Data were collected from semistructured interviews and a review of company documents. Three emergent themes were identified using Yin's 5 step analytic strategy approach: motivation for business start-ups, which included the motivation, skills, and education needed for business sustainability; success factors, which included innovation and the overall business environment, and employee and customer satisfaction which included customer and human relations. The impact of these practices can enhance social change by contributing to the sustainability and profitability of the organization which can enhance the economic security of the family, community, and the nation. New knowledge from this study could impact entrepreneurship success strategies and increase the number of women-owned businesses beyond the first 5 years of operation.

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Interest rate futures have been traded in TAIFEX (Taiwan Futures Exchange) since 2004, but its trading volume is relatively behind expected. However, based on the scale of cash market and the hedge demand for bond, interest rate futures should have potential to boom. According to the definition of Success or Failure of future contract and suggestion to Taiwan interest rate future, this project intends to analyze Bond Futue and Commerical paper future through six parts: ¡§the size of cash market¡¨, ¡§Trading volume and cash price¡¨, ¡§Concentration in cash market¡¨, ¡§cash and future price¡¨, ¡§Trading volume of interest rate future¡¨, ¡§Cross Hedge Market¡¨. Then searching the dependent variable is suitable for practical model. This article is based on model of Black(1986), which trading volume as independent variable and hedge ratio, cash price, and size of cash market as dependent variable, and add ¡§Promtional policy to interest rate future¡¨, ¡§Trading volume of substitue contract¡¨, ¡§Concentraction ratio of large four traders¡¨ to be new dependent variable. The result reveals thar the key factor to influence trading volume is¡§Promtional policy to interest rate future¡¨, and trading volume of interest rate future will fall without promotion policy. The relation between trading volume and ¡§liquidity of cross hedge market¡¨ is significantly negative, hedgers prefer to use cross hedge than interest rate future. ¡§The size of cash market¡¨ and trading volume are significantly positive. The larger size of cash market is, the less price control power of traders will get.

Alternative educational settings that attempt to challenge Individualism are pervaded by Individualizing influences from the larger school system. This thesis examines the influences of Individualism in a school garden program at a Southern California continuation high school. Program members included high school students, college student interns, and two co-directors. Research was conducted during the spring semester of 2014. By providing an analysis of the Individualizing and non-Individualizing influences present in the program and the ways in which these influences interacted to inform the program structure and program members’ experiences and understandings, my thesis sheds new light on the complex ways alternative educational settings incorporate some aspects of Individualism, even as they challenge it.

As nations embrace e-government, the economic justification of ICT projects is not the problem, at least for now. The problem now is the failure of these projects that may then lead to wastage of resources. Current literature shows that goverrunents in developing countries face more challenges than developed countries when implementing ICT projects. Though literature on e-government has been increasing over the years, there is little literature on its implementation in developing countries. This thesis reviews the variables affecting the implementation of e-administration in African countries with specific reference to Kenya. The thesis starts by reviewing the variables for ICT implementation with reference to previous related research by individualso r literaturef ound on the websiteso f developmenpt artners.C ases tudiesw ere carried out in nine Kenyan Governmenmt inistriest o get the raw data for this research. The data collected was analysed and compared with the knowledge gained from the literature review. There is need to achieve the best possible implementation of ICT projects in government and the tools developed in this research should assist planners and implementers in this respect. An e-administration implementation framework is developed as a tool in this research. The framework is composed of a checklist, a strategic planning model and a set of recommendations and guidelines. The recommendations and guidelines document which also includes the checklist, the strategic planning model and the e-administration framework was circulated to practitioners and professionals in Kenya and other researchers for comments on their practicality and applicability. Their resulting comments were very positive about the applicability of the framework and the recommendations and guidelines.

Concern for project failures and successes have posed a controversial and much debated topic amongst scholars and practitioners alike. IT projects are no exceptions and they too suffer from a high rate of failure. This research aims to explore the reasons why certain IT projects succeed). Besides its academic importance, the research intends to assess the implications for successful implementation of current and future IT projects. The review of the extant literature reveals the enormity of the challenges involved in minimising or avoiding project failures. Present work is contextualizing these issues in a large national organisation with branches throughout the KSA. The Saudi Arabia constitutes the case study for this research. Qualitative methodology was adopted to generate and collect adequate and relevant data. Main instruments were; Semi-structured interviews involving senior managers in five geographical areas who were involved in the management of the IT projects and selected project documents. Thematic analysis was used and led to emergence of seven main ‘themes’, 19 major ‘issues’, and the construction of the first time generic model for success of IT projects. The core issues identified in the model are: Quality, Time and Cost at three levels; individual, organisation and environment with specific order of importance. The implications of the findings for the theory and practice have been identified. It is also recommended that there is a need for further research into individual and contextual factors that influence both managers as well as the circumstances under which IT projects are implemented.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:36:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VeruskaAVG_DISSERT.pdf: 674818 bytes, checksum: f8444f7fc6d8282f4b7541fba52319a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-27 / Enter the University and remain in it is a challenge for all students who leave high school and enter this level. The aspiration for a graduation occur by several factors, which have decisive impact on the personal lives of individuals who acquire training in higher education, both as regards the professional capacities as economic opportunity. There are several possible trajectories to get into a college. Students can be classified by their success or failure in performance due to multiple intervening factors that interact among themselves. The purpose of this work is to identify and characterize the factors that reveal trends of success and failure in academic performance of UFRN students. From this general goal, broke out the following specific objectives: to analyze the problems of expanding access to and restructuring of higher education in Brazil and UFRN; explicit definitions of success and failure in higher education; identify national trends and international help to determine the success and failure of students in UFRN. Therefore, we conducted an extensive literature review on the subject and analyzed secondary data from official national, regional and local statistical sources on the subject. In the delimitation of the data, the research population refers to students who entered the UFRN through the vestibular, in the years 2000 to 2010, and who attended at least one (1) semester. In the light of the analysis, the theoretical framework interpretation and the investigative data, it was possible to identify the major factors that affect the categories of success and failure in this university, which highlight the following: the policies adopted by UFRN have provided access mechanisms and student assistance policies, trying to supply the needs of students for them to have a good academic performance, or success in their courses; in addition, the chosen focus of analysis showed that, within the same area, there is not significant difference in the performance of students coming from less favored social and educational contexts, which does not occur when analyzing the success rates between students from different areas of knowledge. The trajectory of interpretative analysis of the results presented in this paper enables to raise points of discussion in various forums and higher councils in order to increase the academic indices of its students. It also enables to promote strategies of guidance and student support for that he persists in his choice / Ingressar na Universidade e permanecer nela ? um desafio para todos os estudantes que deixam o ensino m?dio e entram nesse n?vel de ensino. Os anseios por uma gradua??o se d?o por v?rios fatores, que apresentam repercuss?es decisivas na vida pessoal dos indiv?duos que adquirem a forma??o em n?vel superior, tanto no que concerne ?s capacidades profissionais quanto ?s oportunidades econ?micas. V?rias s?o as trajet?rias poss?veis ao entrar em um curso superior. Os estudantes podem ser classificados pelo seu desempenho de sucesso ou insucesso devido a v?rios fatores intervenientes que interagem entre si. O prop?sito deste trabalho ? identificar e caracterizar os fatores que revelam tend?ncias de sucesso no desempenho acad?mico dos estudantes da UFRN. A partir desse objetivo geral, desencadearam-se os seguintes objetivos espec?ficos: analisar as problem?ticas da expans?o, do acesso e da reestrutura??o da educa??o superior no Brasil e na UFRN; explicitar as defini??es de sucesso e insucesso no ?mbito do ensino superior; identificar tend?ncias nacionais e internacionais que contribuem para determinar o sucesso dos alunos na UFRN. Para tanto, foi realizada uma vasta revis?o bibliogr?fica sobre o tema e foram analisados dados secund?rios de fontes estat?sticas oficiais nacionais, regionais e locais sobre o assunto. Na delimita??o dos dados, a popula??o pesquisada ? referente aos alunos que ingressaram na UFRN por meio do vestibular, nos anos de 2000 a 2010, e que cursaram no m?nimo 1 (um) semestre letivo. ? luz das an?lises, da interpreta??o do referencial te?rico e dos dados resultantes da investiga??o, foi poss?vel identificar as principais tend?ncias de sucesso que influenciam a universidade estudada, as quais se destacam a seguir: as pol?ticas adotadas pela UFRN t?m proporcionado mecanismos de acesso e pol?ticas de assist?ncia estudantil, tentando suprir as necessidades dos alunos para que eles tenham um bom desempenho acad?mico, ou seja, de sucesso em seus cursos; al?m disso, o foco de an?lise escolhido evidenciou que, dentro de uma mesma ?rea, n?o h? significativa diferen?a quanto ao desempenho dos alunos advindos de contextos sociais e escolares menos favorecidos, o que n?o ocorre quando se analisam os ?ndices de sucesso entre alunos de diferentes ?reas do conhecimento. A trajet?ria de an?lise interpretativa dos resultados apresentada neste documento possibilita levantar pontos de discuss?o em diversas inst?ncias e conselhos superiores com fins de melhorar os ?ndices acad?micos de seu alunado. Possibilita tamb?m promover estrat?gias de orienta??o e de apoio ao aluno para que ele persista na sua escolha

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O problema básico que norteia a investigação é a busca de compreender o gerenciamento da escolarização dos filhos de famílias com determinado perfil econômico (baixo nível de escolaridade e renda), cujos filhos obtêm resultados escolares bastante diferentes. Para tanto, selecionou-se um grupo de 20 alunos: 10 casos de “sucesso escolar” e 10 casos de “sucesso escolar relativo” ou “fracasso escolar” de alunos pertencentes às camadas populares, estudantes no 5º ano de escolaridade de uma escola municipal localizada no município de Paraíba do Sul, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A perspectiva teórica adotada situa-se no quadro de uma “antropologia da interdependência” inspirada em Norbert Elias, particularmente do conceito de configuração social formulado pelo autor. O material empírico da pesquisa originou-se das seguintes fontes: análise documental dos alunos; entrevista com os antigos e atuais professores dos alunos; entrevista com as famílias em seus domicílios e notas etnográficas sobre cada um dos contextos de entrevista; entrevista com o Orientador Pedagógico, Diretor Geral e Diretor Adjunto das duas escolas envolvidas: a atual e a que alguns dos alunos iniciaram sua escolarização. Foram também analisados os seguintes aspectos junto às famílias: 1) Configuração familiar e escolaridade dos membros; 2) Formas familiares da cultura escrita e hábitos de consumo cultural; 3) Condições, disposições econômicas e nível de satisfação com sua condição social; 4) Projeto de vida dos membros da família; 5) Gestão da escolaridade e participação na vida da escola; 6) Práticas de punição e sanção; 7) Expectativas da família em relação à longevidade escolar dos filhos; 8) Percepção da família a respeito dos atores escolares; 9) Religiosidade, posicionamento político, grau de associativismo; 10) Percepção dos pais sobre as questões da violência e das drogas na escola; 11) O que a escola deve ensinar. Os dados encontrados apontam que a mobilização pessoal relacionada à escolarização dos alunos apresenta pesos e formas diversas. Os achados demonstram ainda que, mesmo para as famílias cujos filhos não obtêm sucesso escolar, o conhecimento veiculado pela escola afigura-se como importante, o que faz com que os pais, cada um à sua maneira, participem da trajetória escolar dos filhos. / The basic problem that guided the research is the quest for understanding the management of the education of children of families with certain economic profile (low level of education and income), whose children get results very different school. For both, picked up a group of twenty students: then cases of "success" and then cases of "relative success" or "school failure" of students belonging to the classes, students in fifth of years of education of a municipal school located in the municipality of Paraiba do Sul in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The theoretical perspective adopted lies in the framework of an "anthropology of interdependence" inspired by Norbert Elias, particularly the concept of social configuration made by this. The material of empirical research led to the following sources: documentary analysis of pupils; interview with former and current teachers of students; interview with families in their homes and ethnographic notes on each of the contexts of interview; interview with the Educational Advisor , Director General and Deputy Director of the two schools involved: the current and that some of the students started their schooling. We also examined the following aspects with the families: 1) System of schooling and family members, 2) family forms of written culture and habits of cultural consumption, 3) conditions, economic arrangements and level of satisfaction with their social, 4) Project of life of family members, 5) management of education and participation in the life of the school; 6) Practice of punishment and sanction, 7) expectations of the family in relation to the longevity of school children, 8) perception of the family about the actors school ; 9) Religiosities, political positioning, degree of association, 10) perception of parents on the issues of violence and drugs in school, 11) What the school must teach. The survey found students, whose personal mobilization related to education, and weights are different forms, the knowledge that school is important for the families investigated, even for those families whose children do not get success in school and that their parents participate in the path of most school various forms.

This work presents a qualitative study which has been developed by exploratory investigation, bibliography analysis and field research, performed with thirty entrepreneurs in the city of Sao José dos Campos. The objective has been to investigate four fundamental aspects related to those people, namely: what are the main factors that forced them to become entrepreneurs; what are the main reasons that lead them to unsuccessful businesses; the existence of special characteristics, related to competence, that drove them to entrepreneur success and what are the most important personal characteristics to reach business success, related to knowledge, skills, attitude and talent, ordered according to their importance. The world economy, in the last two decades, has suffered deep changes with respect to new ways of organizing production. Companies have always searched for alternatives to improve competitiveness, to reduce costs and keep themselves in the market. In this context, big companies tend to prioritize their main activities and to transfer the secondary ones to medium and small business enterprises: thats the outsourcing. Considering all those factors and according to the research that has been developed, this work obtained specific information of entrepreneurs in Sao Jose dos Campos, which can be useful for the design of training and development programs in the city, event that has received more and more attention from local government, aware of the importance that medium and small businesses might offer to their economy, because their features and their capability of creating jobs and income. / Este trabalho apresenta um estudo qualitativo, desenvolvido através de pesquisa exploratória, bibliográfica e de campo, feita a trinta empreendedores do município de São José dos Campos. Teve como objetivo identificar quatro pontos fundamentais relacionados aos mesmos: quais são os principais atores pelos quais os indivíduos tornam-se empreendedores no município; qual é a principal causa que os levam ao insucesso empresarial; a existência de características especiais, relacionada à competência, que os levam ao sucesso empreendedor e quais são as características imprescindíveis para se atingir o sucesso empresarial, relacionadas ao conhecimento, habilidade, atitude e talento, seqüenciadas por ordem de importância. O cenário econômico mundial, nas duas últimas décadas, vem sofrendo profundas transformações no que se refere às novas formas da organização da produção. As empresas buscam constantemente alternativas para aumentar a competitividade, reduzir custos e manter-se no mercado. Neste contexto, as grandes organizações empresariais tendem a priorizar suas atividades principais e delegar suas atividades secundárias às pequenas e médias empresas: é a chamada terceirização. Considerando todos esses fatores e de acordo com o as pesquisas desenvolvidas e analisadas, este trabalho levantou informações específicas de empreendedores do município de São José dos Campos e que podem ser úteis para eventuais programas de capacitação e formação empreendedora no município, fato que vem sendo cada vez mais dinamizado pelo governo municipal, consciente da importância que as pequenas e médias empresas podem oferecer para sua economia, caracterizando-se cada vez mais como grandes geradoras de emprego e renda.

Concern for project failures and successes have posed a controversial and much debated topic amongst scholars and practitioners alike. IT projects are no exceptions and they too suffer from a high rate of failure. This research aims to explore the reasons why certain IT projects succeed). Besides its academic importance, the research intends to assess the implications for successful implementation of current and future IT projects. The review of the extant literature reveals the enormity of the challenges involved in minimising or avoiding project failures. Present work is contextualizing these issues in a large national organisation with branches throughout the KSA. The Saudi Arabia constitutes the case study for this research. Qualitative methodology was adopted to generate and collect adequate and relevant data. Main instruments were; Semi-structured interviews involving senior managers in five geographical areas who were involved in the management of the IT projects and selected project documents. Thematic analysis was used and led to emergence of seven main ‘themes’, 19 major ‘issues’, and the construction of the first time generic model for success of IT projects. The core issues identified in the model are: Quality, Time and Cost at three levels; individual, organisation and environment with specific order of importance. The implications of the findings for the theory and practice have been identified. It is also recommended that there is a need for further research into individual and contextual factors that influence both managers as well as the circumstances under which IT projects are implemented. / Ministry of Education, KSA