Esta pesquisa de doutorado se propôs a investigar como a progressão continuada atua na produção do êxito e do fracasso escolar, tendo como pano de fundo outros dispositivos escolares. Para tanto, investigou-se, em uma cidade do interior de São Paulo, duas escolas, situadas na mesma região, que oferecem os anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, sendo uma estadual, que adota a progressão continuada, e outra, municipal, que mantém a reprovação por aproveitamento insuficiente entre as séries. Estas apresentam praticamente as mesmas taxas de aprovação, porém, a municipal teve um desempenho superior ao da estadual, em língua portuguesa e matemática na Prova Brasil 2009, em mais de 25 pontos. A teoria se baseia no diálogo entre as obras de Pierre Bourdieu, Norbert Elias e Bernard Lahire. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como um estudo de caso, de natureza qualitativa. Utilizou-se múltiplas fontes de dados, a saber: observações diretas em salas de aula; questionários referentes a diretores, coordenadores, professores, alunos e pais; entrevistas com diretores, coordenadores e professores; documentos relativos à vida escolar dos estudantes; e microdados da Prova Brasil e do Censo Escolar da Educação Básica. As questões orientadoras da investigação foram as seguintes: Quais são os principais dispositivos escolares que condicionam o êxito e o fracasso escolar? Qual o papel da progressão continuada quando inserida na trama formada por esses dispositivos? Buscou-se descrever tais dispositivos e analisá-los em função das suas repercussões nos processos de socialização e escolarização. As análises das configurações investigadas permitiram elaborar vários apontamentos interligados entre si, tais como enunciados a seguir: a produção do êxito e do fracasso escolar é um processo multicondicionado, o que inviabiliza responsabilizar, de maneira isolada ou preponderante, a progressão continuada pela baixa qualidade da educação. A composição das turmas tende a influenciar o desempenho dos alunos e, dependendo dos critérios adotados, a aumentar a desigualdade intraescolar. A autonomia, no âmbito pedagógico, pode facilitar a gestão da escola e favorecer o trabalho docente. As avaliações externas influenciam as práticas de gestores e docentes, com maior ou menor intensidade, dependendo do tipo de responsabilização que ensejam. Os simulados são utilizados para preparar os alunos para a realização de testes padronizados, no entanto, possibilitam também um uso diagnóstico e formativo das informações produzidas. A cultura da repetência ainda é expressiva, porém, no âmbito da escola, vem sendo influenciada pelos dispositivos da progressão continuada, tal como se vê na tensão entre a avaliação classificatória e a formativa. / This doctorate research had the purpose of investigating how continued progression acts on the production of school success and failure, the background being other school devices. For such, I have investigated in a city in the countryside of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, two schools located in the same area, which provide the first grades of elementary school; one of them is in the state education system and the other in the local education system, the former adopts continued progression and the latter, maintains repetition due to insufficient achievement in the grades. Both schools present virtually the same rates of approval, however the local school performance is higher than the state school´s results in Portuguese and Mathematics in the Prova Brasil (Brazil test) 2009, of over 25 points. The theory is based on the dialogue between the works Pierre Bourdieu, Norbert Elias, and Bernard Lahire. The research is characterized as a case study, of qualitative nature. Multiple data sources were utilized, including: direct observation of classrooms; questionnaires to principals, curriculum coordinators, teachers, students and parents; interviews with principals, curriculum coordinators and teachers; documents related to school records of the students; and micro-data from Prova Brasil and from the School Census. The guidelines of the investigation were the following: What are the major school devices that affect the school success and failure? What is the role of continued progression when is part of the plot formed by these devices? The objective was to describe such devices and analyze them according to their repercussions in the processes of socialization and schooling. The analyses of the configurations investigated allowed to build a number of interconnected annotations, outlined as follows. The production of school success and failure is multi-conditioned process, which makes it unfeasible to hold continued progression responsible in an isolated or prevailing way for the low quality of education. The composition of classrooms tends to influence a student´s performance and, depending on the criteria adopted, it also tends to increase intra-school inequality. Autonomy in the pedagogical sphere may facilitate school management and encourage the teaching work. The external assessments influence the practices of managers and teachers, with more or less intensity, depending on the type of accountability they give rise to. Sample exams are utilized to prepare students who will then sit for standardized tests, however, they can also be used for diagnostics and formative use of the information produced. The culture of repetition is still striking, but at the school level it has been influenced by devices of continued progression, as can be seen in the tension between classificatory and formative assessment.

[pt] Esta pesquisa de doutoramento traz como objeto central as percepções dos adolescentes sobre (in)sucesso escolar e racismo. Com isso, buscamos compreender como a tônica do racismo opera ao se tratar de sucesso e fracasso a partir do olhar de adolescentes nas séries finais do ensino fundamental II. Para a pesquisa foi feito um estudo de caso a partir duas escolas públicas localizadas no município do Rio de Janeiro e na Baixada Fluminense com adolescentes de oitavo e nono anos, na faixa etária de 13 a 15 anos. A pesquisa tem como característica ser um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa e analisada a partir dos dados obtidos nas observações da rotina escolar, nos questionários e em oficinas pedagógicas realizadas com os adolescentes. Buscamos compreender como os estudantes percebiam o racismo nas suas experiências escolares e cotidianas, a compreensão do sucesso e do fracasso escolar e a influência das redes de suporte e seus incentivos como agência fundamental na experiência do sucesso escolar. Observou-se que a violência racial é consolidada através do silêncio e o uso do tom da voz como instrumento de poder, de superioridade e opressão para quem ocupa um lugar hegemônico. Os estudantes negros fazem do silêncio uma estratégia de sobrevivência, ao mesmo tempo em que criam situações seguras para falar sobre o racismo. A tônica da violência do racismo se expressa através dos xingamentos no momento de conflitos ou apelidos que são naturalizados como brincadeira e afeto. O mito da democracia racial é escamoteado na ideologia da igualdade e da perspectiva religiosa. A família, na representação da figura materna, principalmente, continua sendo a principal rede de apoio na construção do empoderamento do sucesso escolar, no entanto, a novidade é o uso da internet como forma de apoio nos momentos de dificuldades e de ausência familiar entre os estudantes de baixa renda. Concluímos que o não olhar crítico dos adolescentes sobre o racismo e o debate de sucesso e fracasso escolar estão coerentes com a lógica que se estabelece em uma sociedade pautada na hierarquização racial e sob os efeitos da colonialidade. A existência de uma miopia racial, ou seja, a dificuldade de enxergar as tramas do racismo ou a visão embaçada sobre ele gera vantagens e desvantagens que são a prova de sua funcionalidade. / [en] This doctoral research brings as main object the perceptions of teenagers about school failure and racism. With this, we aim at understand how the tonic of racism operates when dealing with success and failure from the perspective of teenagers in the final series of middle school. For the research, a case study was conducted from two public schools located in Rio de Janeiro and the Baixada Fluminense municipalities with teeneagers from eighth and ninth years of the middle school, with 13 to 15 years. The research has as characteristic to be a case study with qualitative approach and analyzed from the data obtained in the observations of the school routine, in the questionnarie and in pedagogical workshops with teenagers. We aimed at understand how students perceived racism in their school and everyday experiences, their understanding of school success and failure, and the influence of support networks and their incentives as a key in the school success experience. It was observed that racial violence is consolidated through silence and the use of the tone of voice as an instrument of power, superiority and oppression for those who occupy a hegemonic place. Black students make silence as a survival strategy, while creating secure situations to talk about racism. The tonic of violence of racism is expressed through the curses in the moment of conflicts or nicknames that are naturalized as a joke and affection. The racial democracy myth is swept under in the ideology of equality and religious perspective. The family, in the representation of the maternal figure, mainly, continues being the main support network in the construction of the empowerment of the school success, nevertheless, the novelty is the use of the Internet like way of support in the moments of difficulties and of familiar absence between the low-income students. We conclude that the non-critical view of teenagers on racism and the debate about school success and failure is consistent with the logic established in a society based on racial hierarchy and under the effects of coloniality. The existence of a racial myopia, that is, the difficulty of seeing the plots of racism or the embarrassed view on it generates advantages and disadvantages that is the proof of its functionality.

In many markets for cultural goods, gatekeepers select the cultural goods, relatively few cultural goods are selected, and the criteria for selection are unclear to both artists and gatekeepers. Not knowing whether cultural goods are of the 'right' quality to be selected, artists and gatekeepers become preoccupied with handling quality uncertainty. This thesis studies such handling of quality uncertainty before, during, and after aspiring writers attempt to succeed in the publishing market. Drawing on eighty interviews with mainly aspiring writers and publishers in Sweden, three papers investigate three phases of handling quality uncertainty in the publishing market. First, in attempting to get published, writers handled uncertainty about how the quality of their work would be evaluated in the publishing market by using appraisal devices: trusted, knowledgeable appraisals of their work’s chances of success or failure on the publishing market. Second, publishers responded to uncertainty about the quality of manuscripts by learning to consider means before ends, such that certain qualities of their reading experience became the necessary means for realizing that the manuscript might be publishable. This realization moved the manuscript from the discovery phase to justification phase, in which publishers made a final decision to select or reject the manuscript. Third, for the rejected writer, the uncertainty of not knowing how the publisher had determined the quality of the manuscript made it possible to excuse the course of events. Writers gave reasons why their manuscript had been rejected based on how they imagined publishers had determined its quality. They accepted the occurrence of failure but dismissed the responsibility for having failed. Writers also engaged in justifications, refusals, and concessions of the perceived failure. These concepts for analyzing the publishing market are based on a perspective that takes into account subjectivity, temporality, and the condition of quality uncertainty. The perspective and concepts are useful for understanding other market situations in the cultural industries, wherein the successful hiring of cultural workers and the acquisition of cultural goods are rare relative to the number of aspirants, and wherein assessments are conditioned by quality uncertainty that needs to be handled. / ERC 263699-CEV

This thesis entitled "Teachers and their possibilities of building pupils' self- realization" is both, theoretical and empirical. Its objective is to map the problems of pupils' self-realization in school environment. It pays close attention to the self-realization of pupils and the possibilities of its shaping by people participating on the educational process. The thesis attempts to define the likely causes of pupils' failure to succeed and do well at school. It also provides possible solutions which might help shape pupils' personality and build their self-realization. The solutions might be of great use to teachers in their classes. The objective of the empirical part in the first place is to analyze the connection between pupils' self- realization, teachers' assessment of pupils' self-realization and pupils' attainment. Key words: selfhood, personality, self-realization, teacher, pupil, school success and failure, self-esteem, self-assessment, pedagogical and psychological diagnostics, pupils' (school) self- realization level, attainment

The aim of this research was to make recommendations on how to facilitate a healthy sense of Computer Self-Efficacy (CSE) in teachers of a primary school in South Africa. A literature study was conducted to determine a theoretical framework for the study. Thereafter a mixed method design was used to conduct an empirical investigation. This was done by means of focus group interviews, questionnaires and an observational narrative. The most important finding was that the teachers who participated in the research were professional and enlightened about the value of technology. They agreed that although daunted by the idea of technology it is essential for them to become proficient in the use of computers. The researcher came to the conclusion that the main obstacle that stands between the participants and technological proficiency was a weak sense of CSE. Recommendations were made on how one could use extrinsic motivation to introduce new technology in such a way as to enhance self-efficacy and as result computer self-efficacy. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Adult Education)

The aim of this research was to make recommendations on how to facilitate a healthy sense of Computer Self-Efficacy (CSE) in teachers of a primary school in South Africa. A literature study was conducted to determine a theoretical framework for the study. Thereafter a mixed method design was used to conduct an empirical investigation. This was done by means of focus group interviews, questionnaires and an observational narrative. The most important finding was that the teachers who participated in the research were professional and enlightened about the value of technology. They agreed that although daunted by the idea of technology it is essential for them to become proficient in the use of computers. The researcher came to the conclusion that the main obstacle that stands between the participants and technological proficiency was a weak sense of CSE. Recommendations were made on how one could use extrinsic motivation to introduce new technology in such a way as to enhance self-efficacy and as result computer self-efficacy. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Adult Education)

Based on qualitative, case study and the analysis of Europacity project in Berlin, this study aims at assessing the important criteria in order to evaluate the economic dimensions and development potential of a brownfield and a brownfield project. In the literature, more contextual information is given by making an updated state of the arts of brownfield regeneration financing and framework in the European Union with a particular focus on Germany. Furthermore, tools to evaluate the development potential of particular brownfield regeneration projects in particular brownfields and costs-benefits analysis in this field are reviewed. Using a compilation of official and informal data acquired through the interview of one main institutional actor in the development of the Europacity project, the author tried to assess the factors influencing the successful completion of the project in this area, the impacts of the project on eight selected items (stakeholders involvement and following values: economic, social, environmental, historical, psychological, spatial and technological) and the costs-benefits analysis for three of the main stakeholders of the project. The main finding is that all items studied were relevant to some extent in the economic evaluation of a brownfield regeneration project.

Non-profit organisations serve disadvantaged people by fulfilling their social needs, promoting social inclusion and building economies. Non-profit organisations are confronted with a tightening funding environment, growing competition for donors and grants, rising demand for services and increasing calls for accountability. The objective of the study was to investigate the way in which non-profit organisations in the Western Cape province apply fifteen management factors of the Lussier Business Success Versus Failure Model. This model was successfully used in various parts of the world to predict the success or failure of a business. A descriptive research design, using a qualitative case-study research approach was used in this study. A purposive non-probability sampling method was applied, and convenience sampling was used to identify twelve participants from four non-profit organisations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with founders, managers and staff. Descriptive and thematic analysis techniques were utilised, and a deductive coding approach was used to develop thematic areas. Thematic analysis showed three broad themes, namely people, management, and finance. The research established that the non-profit organisations applied nine success factors of the Lussier Business Success Versus Failure Model. Non-profit organisations keep accurate records and adequate financial controls. They do have staff with management experience, while the staff have limited NPO experience. The non-profit organisations make use of professional advisors and networks. The research also revealed that non-profit organisations experience challenges with income-generating activities. They do not plan for the long term and find it difficult to retain staff. Non-profit organisations also lack critical skills, such as strategic planning, marketing management, and administrative management. Non-profit organisations need to build and maintain relationships with government bodies, support organisations and other non-profit organisations. Enhanced information sharing and relationships will reduce the dependence on government grant funding. Applying management principles will enhance the long term survival of non-profit organisations. / Business Management / M. Com. (Business Management)

No description available.

[pt] Tendo em vista que decorridos quase cem anos do seu nascimento, após vários ciclos de crescimento e contração, a indústria aérea ainda se mostra frágil, apresentando vários casos de recuperação judicial e falências, pesquisa-se sobre o declínio organizacional, afim de identificar, quais fatores, elementos, aspectos organizacionais e ambientais, escolhas e ações gerenciais, stakeholders envolvidos, e seus respectivos graus de envolvimento, que possam influenciar na dinâmica de sucesso e fracasso organizacional. Para tanto é necessário identificar padrões longitudinais de comportamento organizacional, propor visualizações da informação que gerem insights inovadores sobre stakeholders do setor, e entender os desafios e pressões específicos da indústria. Utilizando uma perspectiva histórica, a presente pesquisa realiza um estudo de caso comparativo longitudinal sobre as companhias aéreas Delta Airlines e Eastern Airlines, duas empresas atuantes desde os primórdios da indústria aérea norte americana, que, no entanto, acabaram tendo diferentes destino nos anos 1990. Diante disso, verifica-se que apesar das características empreendedoras e suas iniciativas de expansão e crescimento, o grau de endividamento (alavancagem), a gestão de folga organizacional, a capacidade no gerenciamento de conflitos e a aptidão de adaptação em um ambiente dinâmico de negócios, podem ter sido as causas do declínio e posterior dissolução da Eastern e da sobrevivência continuada da Delta. / [en] In view of that almost a hundred years after its birth, after several cycles of growth and contraction, the airline industry is still fragile, presenting several cases of judicial recovery and bankruptcies, it is verified the importance of research on the organizational decline, in order to identify, which one s factors, elements, organizational and environmental aspects, managerial choices and actions, stakeholders involved, and their respective degrees of involvement, which could influence the dynamics of organizational success and failure. Therefore, it is necessary to identify longitudinal patterns of organizational behavior, propose visualizations of the information that generate innovative insights about stakeholders in the sector, and understand the specific challenges and pressures of the industry. Using a historical perspective, this research carries out a comparative longitudinal case study on the airlines Delta Airlines and Eastern Airlines, two companies operating since the beginning of the North American airline industry, which, however, ended up having different destinations in the 1990s. Therefore, it appears that despite the entrepreneurial characteristics and their expansion and growth initiatives, the degree of indebtedness (leverage), the management of organizational slack, the capacity in conflict management, and the ability to adapt in a dynamic business environment, may have been the causes of Eastern s decline and subsequent dissolution and Delta s continued survival.