Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Economía / Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento / Este trabajo complementa las ideas de Agosin y Huaita (2012) en “Overreaction in Capital Flows to Emerging Markets: Booms and Sudden Stops”, pero introduce la distinción entre flujos IED y no-IED, utilizando los flujos non-IED de la cuenta financiera de la balanza de pagos (excluyendo movimientos de reservas) como medida de los flujos de capital netos en lugar de la cuenta financiera total. La hipótesis que sostiene este documento es que son grandes flujos distintos de la inversión extranjera directa los que tienen un efecto importante en la predicción de Sudden Stops de capitales. Complementando estas ideas, se agrega al análisis la descomposición de los flujos no- IED en dos grandes componentes principales - flujos de cartera y derivados financieros y otras inversiones - con el objetivo de testear su impacto tanto sobre episodios de Sudden Stops como sobre episodios de Booms. Los resultados arrojan que Booms liderados por flujos no-IED son el principal causante de Sudden Stops. Para Booms de capitales se obtiene el mismo patrón. Sin embargo, se observa una relación entre grandes flujos de inversión extranjera directa y estos episodios, aunque esta relación es más débil que el resto de las partidas de la cuenta financiera.

Sudden phase anomalies (SPA) of low-frequency radio waves reflected from the D-region of the lower ionosphere exclusively occur during the daylight hours when rapid changes in the ionospheric reflection height take place. They lead to abrupt changes in the linear superposition of the ground wave and the sky wave and consequently in the total field strength of the received signal. Such sudden rapid reflection height changes are usually connected with shortperiod (minutes to hours) enhancements of electron density in the lower ionosphere following solar flares, which sometimes are associated with a dramatically increase of solar X-ray radiation. This additional wave radiation can penetrate into the lower ionosphere and intensify the D region ionisation. The mean level and the number of solar X-ray bursts varies with the 11-year sunspot cycle, so that statistically investigations of number and intensity of observed SPAs can give insight into solar-terrestrial connections concerning the upper atmosphere. At Collm Observatory, SPAs are recorded since several decades. These records are combined to an index characterising the monthly mean disturbance state of the ionosphere 1983-2002. / Plötzliche Phasenanomalien (engl. sudden phase anomalies, SPA) von Langwellen, die in den Tageslichtstunden von der ionosphärischen D- Region reflektiert werden, treten auf, wenn schnelle Änderungen in der Reflexionshöhe stattfinden. Sie führen zu einer abrupten Änderung der linearen Superposition von Raum- und Bodenwelle am Beobachtungspunkt und in der Folge im Feldstärkebetrag der empfangenen Signale. Solche plötzlichen schnellen Reflexionshöhenänderungen sind gewöhnlich mit einer kurzen (Minuten bis Stunden) Zunahme der Elektronendichte in der unteren Ionosphäre verbunden und nach Sonneneruptionseffekten zu beobachten, die mit einer erheblichen Erhöhung der emittierten kurzwelligen Röntgenstrahlung einhergehen. Das mittlere Strahlungsniveau und die Anzahl von Bursts variiert mit dem 11-jährigen Sonnenfleckenzyklus, so dass statistische Untersuchungen von Anzahl und Intensität der SPA- Effekte spezielle Hinweise auf solar-terrestrische, die obere Atmosphäre betreffende Verbindungen geben können. An der Außenstelle Observatorium Collm der Universität Leipzig werden SPAs seit mehreren Jahrzehnten registriert. Sie stellen eine Datenbasis für die Jahre 1983-2002 zur Untersuchung solar-terrestrischer Beziehungen dar.

This thesis is about infancy, independence, and how medicalisation shapes mothers' perceptions of their infants. It draws on ethnographic research in Cardiff, undertaken during a period of heightened concern about the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS), and funded by the Foundation for the Study of Infant Deaths. Three "cultural constructions" of infancy are juxtaposed: the vulnerable and constantly accompanied Bangladeshi infant, the Welsh or English infant encouraged towards independence, and the autonomous infant of epidemiological analysis. The thesis shows how the processes of medicalisation brought contrasting perceptions of infancy to light, suggesting that Bangladeshi women taking part in an "English for Pregnancy" project were not only learning language, but also learning about medicalised infant care. It argues too that health professionals shape the way in which mothers perceive their infants through the introduction of the language of "risk factors". The infant body itself emerged at the boundary of powerful systems of meaning. If the boundaries of the Bangladeshi infant body were blurred through constant contact, those of the Welsh or English infant were marked intermittently through alternating periods of solitude with "attention". Some Welsh and English mothers spoke of infants and their care in terms of the care of domestic animals, and the mothers' own ambivalence about their own animality, while some Bangladeshi mothers spoke of the spiritual power and vulnerability of infants, and in doing so articulated their links with Bangladesh. For health professionals the infant body was a site for demonstrating expertise through both research (which constructed ethnic minorities as 'natural') and recommendations for action. The thesis discusses the location of contemporary anthropology at cultural boundaries. Juxtaposing contrasting beliefs about infancy revealed very different perceptions of independence, marked in particular by contrasting perceptions of time, space, and the infant body itself.

The polar vortex is a large scale cyclone located in the middle atmosphere near to the planet’s geographic poles. These vortices form during the hemispheric winter and break down in the spring of the following year. They may also break down in mid winter, causing a sudden stratospheric warming event (SSW). The vortex is thought to be preconditioned leading up to these warming events, resulting in the breakdown of the vortex. Integral diagnostics are used to investigate the stripping of air from the vortex as part of this preconditioning. Contour diagnostics of mass and circulation are calculated using ERA-40 reanalysis data for the stratosphere. The edge of the vortex is easily identifiable in these diagnostics as a high gradient of Ertel’s potential vorticity (PV), and the warming events are also clearly visible. From these the amount of air removed from the vortex is determined from the balance equation of the mass integral. These terms show that there are significant amounts of air removed from the vortex, with several stripping events identifiable in them through the winter, especially in those during which a major sudden warming event occurred. These stripping events can be seen in corresponding PV maps, where tongues of PV can be seen to be stripped from the vortex and mixed into the surrounding surf zone of turbulent air. From the integral diagnostics a Lagrangian measure of the meridional circulation in the stratosphere is also calculated. In the final part of the thesis a shallow water model is used to investigate a quantitative link between forcing and the amount of stripping of the vortex. It is found that when the forcing is large enough there is significant stripping of mass from the vortex. This does not lead to SSWs in all cases, and the total amount of stripping is not found to be proportional to the maximum amplitude of the forcing.

Tang, Leung Sang Nelson. / "February 2002." / Thesis (M.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 185-206). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Daphne is a widely dispersed genus with large variation in morphology, native habitats, and use. Unfortunately, broader acceptance of Daphne in the ornamental trade has been limited due to Daphne Sudden Death Syndrome (DSDS), a disease that kills the plant without warning. The results of this research identified Thielaviopsis basicola (Berk. etBr.) Ferr. as the causal agent for this disease. Pure cultures of the pathogen were developed and used in a germ plasm screen. To evaluate Daphne germ plasm in vitro, species-specific protocols were developed that alleviated two common problems in Daphne micropropagation, browning and hyperhydricity. Optimizing the concentrations of both PGRs and charcoal was able to control these problems. Selected species were evaluated for resistance against Thielavipsis basicola in both, in vivo and in vitro, conditions. The results of both methods displayed a strong correlation and indicated significant differences among the taxa. However, there were differences in disease progression rates. Typically, the in vitro challenge produced a comparable level of disease as the in vivo challenge but in two to three weeks less time. Across both screening methods, the most resistant species evaluated were D. tangutica and D. retusa, while D. cneroum was the most susceptible. Based on ITS sequences, phylogenetic relationships among selected Daphne species were established and associated with their resistance against T basicola. The phylogeny indicated that Daphne is possibly a monophyletic group. However, placement of D.genkwa remained problematic. The analysis of ITS sequences data resulted in a parsimony consensus tree with two well-supported major clades and one Glade with less support. In general, the evolutionary tree for resistance, inferred from the phylogenetic data and the results of the screening project, indicate that resistance is a derived character and that plants recently evolved this ability.

This study investigates the flow behaviors of the microflow in a sudden expansion microfluidic channel with a rectangular block structure. 2D and 3D numerical simulations are used to predict the vortex formation behavior and experimental approaches are adopted to confirm the simulated results. A novel microfluidic rectifier is proposed by operating the designed microfluidic device under opposite flow conditions. The performance of the flow rectifier is also evaluated under difference flow velocities. There are three parts finished in this thesis. Firstly, the vortex formation behavior is investigated for the microchannel with the block at different distances downstream the sudden expansion channel. The size of the fully developed vortices is measured and analyzed. Results show that the size of the vortex reaches stable while the distance between the block and sudden expansion channel is longer than 1000 £gm. Secondly, this study also investigates the sequence of the vortex formation under different flow velocity (Reynolds number). Results indicate that there are four stages for the vortex formation in the microfluidic channel. Vortices are formed firstly at the sudden expansion channel and then behind the block. Two small vortices are then formed once beside the block and then merge with the two big vortices behind the block under increasing velocity conditions. The flow becomes instable once the Reynolds number higher than 555, two symmetrical shedding flows are observed behind the block structure. This flow behavior is rarely observed in a microfluidic channel due to the big viscous force of the flow in the microchannel. Thirdly, this study measures the pressure drops for the forward and backward flows under different flow speeds. Results show that the vortex formation behavior in backward flow is different from it is in forward conditions. Two symmetric vortexes are formed beside the channel while the Reynolds number higher than 416. The squeezed vortices form a virtual valve structure and increase the flow resistance of the microflow, resulting in a high performance valve structure. The calculated results indicate that the diodicity (Di) of the designed microchannel is as high as 1.76 and 1.5 for the numerical result and experimental result, respectively. The rectifying performance of the developed microchip device is higher than the reported devices fabricated using delicate processes and designed. The results of this research will give valuable knowledge for the flow behavior in a microchannel and the design of microfluidic chips.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2002. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 250 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 240-250).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 501-533). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 501-533). Also available on the Internet.