O objetivo desta dissertação é apontar e descrever problemas de Terminologia referentes à variação diacrônica de uma terminologia, a partir da análise conceitual de duas estruturas referentes a dois modelos de processo (engenho e usina) de uma mesma área técnica - produção de açúcar -, separadas por um espaço determinado de tempo e submetidas a constantes revoluções lingüísticas e culturais. Para tanto, descrevemos quais fatores interferem nessas transformações; em que medida o grau de consolidação de um domínio representa sua sistematicidade; e procuramos comprovar, a partir de pesquisa diacrônica, que a dinâmica dos subsistemas de especialidades renova-se sob as mesmas regras de criação da língua geral. / The aim of this work is to point out and describe Terminology problems related to the diachronic variation of a terminology based on the conceptual analysis of two structures, concerning two process models (sugar plantation and factory) of a same technical area - sugar production, separated by a certain period of time and submitted to constant technological, linguistic and cultural revolutions. For this reason, we described the factors which interfere in those transformations; the manner that the consolidation level of a social sphere represents its systemic regularity; and we tried to prove, based on a diachronic research, that the dynamics of the speciality subsystems has the same functioning of the one that rules the general language.

O objetivo desta dissertação é apontar e descrever problemas de Terminologia referentes à variação diacrônica de uma terminologia, a partir da análise conceitual de duas estruturas referentes a dois modelos de processo (engenho e usina) de uma mesma área técnica - produção de açúcar -, separadas por um espaço determinado de tempo e submetidas a constantes revoluções lingüísticas e culturais. Para tanto, descrevemos quais fatores interferem nessas transformações; em que medida o grau de consolidação de um domínio representa sua sistematicidade; e procuramos comprovar, a partir de pesquisa diacrônica, que a dinâmica dos subsistemas de especialidades renova-se sob as mesmas regras de criação da língua geral. / The aim of this work is to point out and describe Terminology problems related to the diachronic variation of a terminology based on the conceptual analysis of two structures, concerning two process models (sugar plantation and factory) of a same technical area - sugar production, separated by a certain period of time and submitted to constant technological, linguistic and cultural revolutions. For this reason, we described the factors which interfere in those transformations; the manner that the consolidation level of a social sphere represents its systemic regularity; and we tried to prove, based on a diachronic research, that the dynamics of the speciality subsystems has the same functioning of the one that rules the general language.

The recent downturn in world sugar prices has placed even greater demands upon the Australian sugar industry to reduce the costs of sugar manufacture and increase the consistency of producing high quality sugar. One of the proposed approaches in increasing the consistency of very high quality sugar production and leveraging further avenues for cost saving is in the development of a computer based advisory system. This system is able to provide expert knowledge in the area of pan stage management and best practices in the absence of human experts. This thesis explores the design, key features and outcomes of a knowledge based supervisory support system (KBSSS) framework proposed specifically for providing cooperative decision support in the area of pan stage operations within a sugar mill. To demonstrate the viability of the proposed KBSSS framework a prototype system was developed in accordance with the proposed framework. The KBSSS utilises three core innovative system technologies that form the core components of the proposed KBSSS framework. These technologies are: 1) Dynamic industrial pan stage process models for identifying the dynamic relationships between sections of pan stage operations to allow for future forecasting of pan stage operating conditions, 2) Integration techniques for the merging of the developed pan stage process models into the hybrid fuzzy logic expert system rule base to provide localisation adjustment to match with local real world factory operational conditions, and 3) Explanatory capabilities to provide justification and support of system advice and recommendations. As a result of research and development carried out in this thesis, the KBSSS's test results demonstrated in the thesis indicate the viability of the proposed KBSSS framework and highlight the forecasting capabilities of the developed system resulting in favourable outcomes compared to data from pan stage operations. As a result of the research undertaken in the thesis a prototype KBSSS, for pan stage operations, based upon the three core supporting intelligent system technologies reported in the thesis has been developed.

Orientador: Márcia Justino Rossini Mutton / Banca: José Paulo Stupiello / Banca: Maria Teresa Mendes Ribeiro Borges / Resumo: Devido a crescente demanda mundial e rigorosas especificações exigidas pelo mercado para o açúcar, as unidades produtoras investem em inovações e tecnologias de produção, afim de reduzir custos e aprimorar a qualidade deste produto. Entre as possíveis inovações industriais, destaca-se o tratamento do caldo. Tal processo visa remover ao máximo os compostos considerados impurezas para a fabricação de açúcar, como compostos fenólicos, proteínas, sais inorgânicos, aminoácidos, ácidos, entre outros; permanecendo no caldo clarificado apenas sacarose. A remoção de tais elementos é realizada através de reações químicas de produtos adicionados com fosfatos presentes no caldo, os quais formam flocos e precipitam. A fim de aumentar a velocidade de sedimentação, são utilizados polieletrólitos sintéticos, que unem tais compostos, agregando peso e tamanho. Neste contexto, a utilização de produtos originados de plantas para substituição deste insumo, pode trazer benefícios econômicos e ambientais para a unidade de produção, consolidando a marca de sustentabilidade que o setor exige atualmente. Entre tais biomoléculas, destacam-se os extratos de moringa (Moringa oleífera Lam.), a qual é amplamente utilizada para sedimentação de impurezas em água para consumo doméstico. Desta maneira, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os reflexos do emprego de extratos de folhas e sementes de moringa, como auxiliares de sedimentação na clarificação do caldo de cana, na qualidade do caldo clarificado, açúcar VHP produzido e mel resultante. Primeiramente realizou-se o preparo e caracterização dos diferentes extratos, seguido... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Due to growing global demand and stringent specifications required by the market for sugar, the mills invest in innovation and production technologies in order to reduce costs and improve the quality of this product. Possible industrial innovations, highlight the juice treatment. This process aims to remove most of the compounds considered impurities for the manufacture of sugar, such as phenolic compounds, proteins, inorganic salts, amino acids, etc.; remaining in the clarified juice only sucrose. The removal of such components is accomplished via chemical reaction between added products and phosphates present in the juice. This reaction results in flocs that precipitates. In order to increase the speed of sedimentation, synthetic polyelectrolytes are used, such compounds that bind, adding weight and size. In this context, the use of products derived from plants to replace this input, can bring economic and environmental benefits to the production unit, consolidating the brand sustainability of the industry now demands. Among these biomolecules stand out extracts of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam), which is widely used for sedimentation of impurities in water for domestic consumption. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the consequences of the use of extracts of leaves and seeds of Moringa as aids in sedimentation clarification of sugarcane juice, the quality of the clarified juice, sugar and honey produced resulting VHP. First held preparation and characterization of the different extracts, followed by concentration tests to be applied in... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:00:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 costa_ghg_me_jabo.pdf: 475442 bytes, checksum: 21fc4e1ac12b5b2ffad870703c8a7c68 (MD5) / Devido a crescente demanda mundial e rigorosas especificações exigidas pelo mercado para o açúcar, as unidades produtoras investem em inovações e tecnologias de produção, afim de reduzir custos e aprimorar a qualidade deste produto. Entre as possíveis inovações industriais, destaca-se o tratamento do caldo. Tal processo visa remover ao máximo os compostos considerados impurezas para a fabricação de açúcar, como compostos fenólicos, proteínas, sais inorgânicos, aminoácidos, ácidos, entre outros; permanecendo no caldo clarificado apenas sacarose. A remoção de tais elementos é realizada através de reações químicas de produtos adicionados com fosfatos presentes no caldo, os quais formam flocos e precipitam. A fim de aumentar a velocidade de sedimentação, são utilizados polieletrólitos sintéticos, que unem tais compostos, agregando peso e tamanho. Neste contexto, a utilização de produtos originados de plantas para substituição deste insumo, pode trazer benefícios econômicos e ambientais para a unidade de produção, consolidando a marca de sustentabilidade que o setor exige atualmente. Entre tais biomoléculas, destacam-se os extratos de moringa (Moringa oleífera Lam.), a qual é amplamente utilizada para sedimentação de impurezas em água para consumo doméstico. Desta maneira, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os reflexos do emprego de extratos de folhas e sementes de moringa, como auxiliares de sedimentação na clarificação do caldo de cana, na qualidade do caldo clarificado, açúcar VHP produzido e mel resultante. Primeiramente realizou-se o preparo e caracterização dos diferentes extratos, seguido... / Due to growing global demand and stringent specifications required by the market for sugar, the mills invest in innovation and production technologies in order to reduce costs and improve the quality of this product. Possible industrial innovations, highlight the juice treatment. This process aims to remove most of the compounds considered impurities for the manufacture of sugar, such as phenolic compounds, proteins, inorganic salts, amino acids, etc.; remaining in the clarified juice only sucrose. The removal of such components is accomplished via chemical reaction between added products and phosphates present in the juice. This reaction results in flocs that precipitates. In order to increase the speed of sedimentation, synthetic polyelectrolytes are used, such compounds that bind, adding weight and size. In this context, the use of products derived from plants to replace this input, can bring economic and environmental benefits to the production unit, consolidating the brand sustainability of the industry now demands. Among these biomolecules stand out extracts of moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam), which is widely used for sedimentation of impurities in water for domestic consumption. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the consequences of the use of extracts of leaves and seeds of Moringa as aids in sedimentation clarification of sugarcane juice, the quality of the clarified juice, sugar and honey produced resulting VHP. First held preparation and characterization of the different extracts, followed by concentration tests to be applied in... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Sugar is an important global agricultural commodity and a significant input to the advanced industrialised world. Annual average global sugar production is around 120 million tonnes, with consumption around 118 million tonnes. Sugar is produced under a broad range of climatic conditions in some 120 countries and is one of the most heavily traded agricultural commodities (FAO, 2001). Plants produce sugar as a storehouse of energy that is used as required. Approximately 70% of sugar is produced from sugar cane while the remaining 30% is produced from sugar beet (Sugar Knowledge International, 2001). Thailand's cane and sugar industry is now one of the major sources of foreign income for the country. The value of sugar exports (around 35 billion baht or AUD $1.5 billion per annum) ranks among the top ten exported commodities of the Thai economy. Approximately 9.2% of annual global sugar production is exported from Thailand (WTO, 2001). The sugar industry is extremely complex and comprises individual links and components in the supply and demand chain that are more delicately in balance than with most other commodity based industries. Thailand's sugar production has been characterized by greater extremes of variability than in most other sugar producing countries. A unique combination of pests, disease, climate, soils, problems with plant available moisture and the low technology basis of crop management has increased production risk and uncertainty for the crop. Total tonnage of cane and sugar is notoriously difficult to predict during the growing season and for a mature crop before the harvest. Accordingly, the focus of this research is on the development and testing of methods, algorithms, procedures and output products for Sugar Cane Crop Forecasting and Yield Mapping. The resulting spatial and temporal information tools have the potential to provide the basis of a commercially deployable decision support system for Thailand's sugar industry. The scope of this thesis encompasses several levels within a geographical hierarchy of scales; from regional, district, farm, and plot within a study area in northeastern Thailand. Crop forecasting at regional level will reduce production risk uncertainty while yield mapping and yield estimation at local, farm and plot scales will enable productivity to be improved by identifying, diagnosing the cause of and reducing yield variability. The research has three main objectives. These are to: Develop statistical analysis procedures and empirical algorithms expressing the relationship between yield potential and spectral response of sugar cane yield as a basis for mapping, monitoring, modeling, forecasting and management of sugar production in Thailand. Evaluate the validity of a technology based versus conventional approach to crop forecasting and yield mapping, commencing with a series of testable null-hypotheses and culminating in procedures to calibrate and validate empirical models against verifiable production records. Outcomes are used to review and evaluate existing and potential future approaches to regional crop forecasting, localised yield mapping and yield estimation tools for operational use within Thailand's sugar industry. Identify, evaluate and establish performance benchmarks in relation to the practicality, accuracy, timeliness, cost effectiveness and value proposition of a satellite based versus conventional approach to crop forecasting and yield mapping. The methodology involved time series analysis of recorded sugar cane yields and production outcomes paired with spectral response statistics of crops derived from satellite imagery and seasonal rainfall records over a three year period within four provinces, forty five component districts and 120 representative farms. Spectral statistics were derived fiom raw multi-spectral satellite imagery (multitemporal SPOT- VI at regional scale and Landsat 7 ETM+ imagery at local scale) acquired during the 1999 to 2001 sugar cane seasons. Crop area and production statistics at regional scale were compiled and furnished by the provincial sugar mill and verified through government agencies within Thailand. Selective cutting at sample sites within nominated fields owned by collaborating growers was undertaken to validate localised differences in productivity and to facilitate yield variance mapping. Acquisition, processing, analysis and statistical modeling of remotely sensed satellite spectral data, rainfall records and production outcomes were accomplished using an empirical approach. Resulting crop production forecasting algorithms were systematically evaluated for reliability by assessing accuracy, spatial and temporal variability. Long term rainfall and district sugar cane yield and production records were used to account for district and season specific differences between estimated and recorded yields, to generate error probability functions and to improve the accuracy and applicability of empirical models under more extreme conditions. Limitations on finding and length of records constrained the number of seasons and the area for which satellite imagery with contrasting levels of spatial and spectral resolution could be acquired. The absence of verifiable long term production records combined with limitations on the duration and area able to be covered by field trips meant that time series analysis of paired data was necessarily constrained to a three year period of record coinciding with the author's period of candidature. Accordingly, although a comprehensive set of well correlated district and month specific yield forecasting algorithms was able to be developed, temporal restrictions on data availability constrained the extent to which they could be subjected to thorough accuracy and reliability analysis and extended with confidence down to farm and field scale. A variety of approaches, using different parameter combinations and threshold values, was used to combine individual districts and component farms into coherent groups to overcome temporal data constraints and to generate more robust production forecasting algorithms, albeit with slightly lower levels of apparent accuracy and reliability. The procedures adopted to optimise these district groupings are systematically explained. Component differences in terrain, biophysical conditions and management approaches between district groupings are used to explain differences in production outcomes and to account for apparent differences between forecast versus actual yields between districts both within and between different groups. The outcomes of this research - particularly the data acquisition and analysis procedures, empirical modeling, error assessment and adjustment techniques, and the optimisation procedures used to facilitate grouping of districts - provide a practical basis for the deployment of an operational sugar cane production forecasting and yield mapping information system to facilitate planning and logistical management of production, harvesting, transportation, processing, domestic marketing and export of sugar from northeastern Thailand. At the local and farm level, yield maps and plot based yield estimates will assist users to improve productivity by recognising, identiwing and responding to potential causes of within and between field spatial variability. However, before such an information system can be confidently deployed, additional resources will be required to obtain paired production records, spectral data fiom satellite imagery and biophysical input data over a longer period to ensure that the empirical models are operationally robust and to validate their accuracy under a wider range of conditions by comparing forecasts with actual outcomes over larger areas during the next few seasons.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-07-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:52:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 crema_lc_me_sjrp.pdf: 1000873 bytes, checksum: eab4aa81e312cda66cd21db4c84c24cd (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de açúcar de cana o qual apresenta grande importância para o crescimento do País. Uma das etapas mais importantes na produção de açúcar refinado é a etapa de clarificação da calda de açúcar, a partir da dissolução do açúcar cristal bruto (Demerara, VHP ou V-VHP), pois influencia as etapas subsequentes do processo para obtenção de produto de boa qualidade. No Brasil, geralmente nos processos convencionais de produção de açúcar, as usinas e refinarias utilizam a sulfitação para clarificar o caldo e xarope de cana, que emprega o dióxido de enxofre (SO2 ), a qual tem sido muito questionada por gerar problemas operacionais, tecnológicos, ambientais e restrições nas normas de segurança alimentar. Neste sentido, existe uma forte demanda por pesquisas que visem o desenvolvimento de tecnologias que busquem um melho r rendimento, qualidade do produto e aproveitamento dos recursos naturais existentes. Entre essas tecnologias, o processo de flotação com ar dissolvido (FAD) utilizando um polímero catiônico para a neutralização e coagulação de partículas coloidais e em suspensão, pode ser uma opção viável para o setor sucroalcooleiro. Esta pesquisa visou à obtenção e avaliação dos parâmetros físico-químicos (cinzas, cor, turbidez, filtrabilidade, floco alcoólico) e cinéticos por um flotador (saturador de ar) de bancada para remoção de partículas coloidais e em suspensão presentes na calda de açúcar (66 ºBrix), para produção de açúcar refinado. O processo FAD foi avaliado através da medida da concentração de ar dissolvido no meio líquido, variando a pressão (95 a 895 kPa), a temperatura (26, 50 e 70 ºC) e a agitação mecânica do flotador (0 a 300s). Diferentes dosagens... / Brazil is the world largest sugar cane producer which has a great importance for the Brazilian economy and in the increasing growth for the country. The clarification process is considered of major importance for the production of refined sugar from the dissolution of the raw crystal sugar (brown, VHP or V-VHP), since it affects the subsequent steps to obtain high quality products. In Brazil, usually in the conventional sugar refining processes, refineries apply sulfitation as the clarifying process for the sugarcane syrup or for the dissolved sugar, a process that uses sulfur dioxide (SO2 ), which has been questioned due to operational, technological and environmental issues, mainly related to food safety regulatory restrictions. In this way, there is a strong demand for research aiming to develop technologies that may improve the use of resources such as the flotation with air dissolved (FAD), with the help of clarifying agents such as cationic polymers for the neutralization and coagulation of colloidal and suspended particles, which can be a viable option for the sugarcane industry. The objective of this research was to obtain and evaluate the kinetics and physico-chemical parameters ash, color, turbidity , filtrability and alcoholic flake for a bench scale flotator for suspended and colloidal particle removal from a dissolved sugar solution (66 oBrix) for refined sugar production. The FAD process was evaluated through dissolved air concentration measurements, at varying pressures (95 to 895 kPa), temperatures (26, 50 and 70 o C) and flotator mechanical agitation times (0 to 300 s). Different dosages of a cationic polymer (10 to 1000 ppm) were evaluated for the reduction of the physico-chemical parameters in order to obtain the optimum dosage and for the kinetic... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Roger Darros-Barbosa / Banca: Vânia Regina Nicoletti Telis / Banca: Cláudio Lima de Aguiar / Resumo: O Brasil é o maior produtor mundial de açúcar de cana o qual apresenta grande importância para o crescimento do País. Uma das etapas mais importantes na produção de açúcar refinado é a etapa de clarificação da calda de açúcar, a partir da dissolução do açúcar cristal bruto (Demerara, VHP ou V-VHP), pois influencia as etapas subsequentes do processo para obtenção de produto de boa qualidade. No Brasil, geralmente nos processos convencionais de produção de açúcar, as usinas e refinarias utilizam a sulfitação para clarificar o caldo e xarope de cana, que emprega o dióxido de enxofre (SO2 ), a qual tem sido muito questionada por gerar problemas operacionais, tecnológicos, ambientais e restrições nas normas de segurança alimentar. Neste sentido, existe uma forte demanda por pesquisas que visem o desenvolvimento de tecnologias que busquem um melho r rendimento, qualidade do produto e aproveitamento dos recursos naturais existentes. Entre essas tecnologias, o processo de flotação com ar dissolvido (FAD) utilizando um polímero catiônico para a neutralização e coagulação de partículas coloidais e em suspensão, pode ser uma opção viável para o setor sucroalcooleiro. Esta pesquisa visou à obtenção e avaliação dos parâmetros físico-químicos (cinzas, cor, turbidez, filtrabilidade, floco alcoólico) e cinéticos por um flotador (saturador de ar) de bancada para remoção de partículas coloidais e em suspensão presentes na calda de açúcar (66 ºBrix), para produção de açúcar refinado. O processo FAD foi avaliado através da medida da concentração de ar dissolvido no meio líquido, variando a pressão (95 a 895 kPa), a temperatura (26, 50 e 70 ºC) e a agitação mecânica do flotador (0 a 300s). Diferentes dosagens... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Brazil is the world largest sugar cane producer which has a great importance for the Brazilian economy and in the increasing growth for the country. The clarification process is considered of major importance for the production of refined sugar from the dissolution of the raw crystal sugar (brown, VHP or V-VHP), since it affects the subsequent steps to obtain high quality products. In Brazil, usually in the conventional sugar refining processes, refineries apply sulfitation as the clarifying process for the sugarcane syrup or for the dissolved sugar, a process that uses sulfur dioxide (SO2 ), which has been questioned due to operational, technological and environmental issues, mainly related to food safety regulatory restrictions. In this way, there is a strong demand for research aiming to develop technologies that may improve the use of resources such as the flotation with air dissolved (FAD), with the help of clarifying agents such as cationic polymers for the neutralization and coagulation of colloidal and suspended particles, which can be a viable option for the sugarcane industry. The objective of this research was to obtain and evaluate the kinetics and physico-chemical parameters ash, color, turbidity , filtrability and alcoholic flake for a bench scale flotator for suspended and colloidal particle removal from a dissolved sugar solution (66 oBrix) for refined sugar production. The FAD process was evaluated through dissolved air concentration measurements, at varying pressures (95 to 895 kPa), temperatures (26, 50 and 70 o C) and flotator mechanical agitation times (0 to 300 s). Different dosages of a cationic polymer (10 to 1000 ppm) were evaluated for the reduction of the physico-chemical parameters in order to obtain the optimum dosage and for the kinetic... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

<p>How affected are the sugar production in Mozambique and Tanzania by EU sugar regime? What does the EU sugar reform constitute in these countries?</p><p>Using theories regarding free trade and anti-free trade, I am able to answer these questions. The aim of this paper is to study how the various sugar agreements with EU affect the sugar production in Mozambique and Tanzania. Therefore I am using a method called a most similar system design in this comparative case study. The conclusion is that the EU sugar regime is the main reason to how the sugar productions in developing countries are. This conclusion is drawn since the difference in their developed sugar production is based on the importance of an advantageous sugar agreement. This can be applied to the case in Tanzania, which had a higher sugar export when the country had an advantageous sugar agreement with EU. Now when the trade has been more liberalized with the sugar reform the country does not have the same advantageous agreements with EU and the sugar export has been smaller. Compared to Tanzania Mozambique has had a better development in their sugar production, since their trade agreements with EU is better today than before 2001.</p>

In my diploma thesis I am analysing world sugar market and the role of the Czech Republic on this market. In the first chapter I am describing sugar as a general commodity, its usage, consumption and production, also the production in important areas. In the second part of the thesis I am writing about the restrictions of the sugar market from European Union, I am describing all reforms and quotas and its influence on all countries. In the third part, the most important one, I am writing about sugar trade on Exchange which instruments are mainly being used, news forms of trading such as Fair Trade. I am also describing factors that influence development of prices. In the last part, also very important one, I am writing about the role of the Czech Republic on the world market and its development throughout the years and about attenuation of the sugar production in our country.