Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissBPCC.pdf: 1510754 bytes, checksum: a9d9818f9caf9b5f70771713dbc50739 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-28 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / Addressees the systematization of logistical and commercial aspects of São Paulo s sugar exports through Santos Port facilities. Local political and economical liberal transformations that took place by the beginning of 90 s had seen Estate assets being given to private investments (both in agricultural and port operations). As a result, this new institutional environment allowed the occurrence of hybrids corporate structures to coordinate logistical sugar and alcohol-ethanol exports from inland facilities to the Santos port. The main question is how this adaptation interferes on infrastructural and operational logistics management derived from new transactions within international sugar mayor traders. The main units of analysis are: i) São Paulo s state sugar producers (industrial plants) and port logistics providers; ii) port logistics providers and food trading companies. Results shall foster the comprehension on logistical process and relations amongst the three main actors across the sugar plantsport facilities chain. There are three goals to be achieved: i) identify the total extent of logistical domain across sugar s distributional channels via port of Santos; ii) how logistical assets and processes are developed or provided within those actors; iii) describe the difference among Santos port operations service providers, in relation value-added competitive basis. Theoretical framework blends logistics and supply chain management with foreign trade prospects as a guideline to collect data and empirical evidences. This works object is the São Paulo sugar plants-port of Santos facilities logistics chain. / Esta dissertação trata dos aspectos logísticos da cadeia terrestre e portuária de escoamento do açúcar paulista pelo Porto de Santos. A problemática desta pesquisa considera as transformações políticas e econômicas resultantes da desregulamentação do setor sucroalcooleiro, datadas do início da década de 90, e da concessão dos serviços portuários na metade daquela década. Este novo ambiente institucional possibilitou a ocorrência de novas formas organizacionais para a coordenação das operações logísticas para exportação de commodities sucroalcooleiras (açúcar e álcool) pelos portos brasileiros. Estudos multi-casos de cunho qualitativo compõem a estratégia de pesquisa. As unidades de análise são compostas pelos seguintes pares: i) terminais portuários açucareiros e a indústria sucroalcooleira paulista; ii) terminais portuários e as trading companys agrícolas que operam no mercado internacional de commodities. Os resultados servirão para a descrição dos processos e a análise das relações envolvidos naquela cadeia logística, conforme: i) formas de relacionamento entre os atores centrais, segundo as transações na cadeia de escoamento do açúcar; ii) processos logísticos, considerando o grau de controle sobre os recursos e competências (se desenvolvidos internamente ou terceirizados); iii) operações logísticas nos terminais açucareiros santistas, segundo as diferenças na prestação de serviços que agreguem, ou não, valor à carga embarcada. Estes resultados respondem à questão de pesquisa: quais são os condicionantes (sob o ponto de vista de aspectos comerciais) que interferem na organização e infra-estrutura disponibilizada para a logística de escoamento para exportação do açúcar paulista? A construção de um modelo teórico que associe a gestão da logística integrada aos fundamentos de comércio exterior guia as linhas de argumentos, norteando a coleta e levantamento de dados e constatações empíricas. O objeto de análise é o elo usina-porto, observando as estratégias comerciais e de operações da logística para o mercado internacional da commoditie açúcar.

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the trends and determinants of South Africa’s sugar production and exports within the TFTA between 1996 and 2014. The specific objectives of the study were (1) to identify trends in South Africa’s sugar production and exports within the TFTA between 1996 and 2014; (2) to determine the drift rate in South Africa’s sugar exports within the TFTA between 1996 and 2014; (3) to investigate the correlation between South Africa’s sugar production and exports between 1996 and 2014; and (4) to determine the factors that affect production and exports in South Africa’s sugar industry in order to identify the industry’s major challenges and opportunities for sustained performance. The secondary data, obtained from the Economic Analysis and Agricultural Statistics Directorate of the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), were used to meet the first three objectives of the study. The primary data, obtained by means of a survey questionnaire and interviews with key stakeholders, were used to meet the fourth objective of the study. A 7-point Likert scale was applied to indicate the degree to which each of the determining factors are perceived to affect the performance and resulting competitiveness of the sugar industry. The Johansen test and Porter’s Diamond Model were the analytical techniques used in the study. The results of the analysis of the secondary data revealed continued fluctuations in sugar production in South Africa between 1996 and 2014. On the basis of this, the researcher rejected the hypothesis that there is no trend in South Africa’s sugar production. It was therefore concluded that seasonal variations accounted for these fluctuations in the sugar industry. As determined using the Johansen test, drift rate variations came to 51%, indicating that there is potential for growth in South Africa’s sugar exports. This was confirmed by the results of the bivariate correlation between production and exports which clearly indicated a positive relationship between the two and prompted the researcher to accept the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between the production and export of sugar. In determining the factors that influence South Africa’s sugar production and exports, a number of obstacles to competitiveness success were identified. With regard to sugar production, applying Porter’s Diamond model revealed that the major constraints experienced by respondents in the study area were the availability of skilled labour; cost of doing business; level of infrastructure development; cost of infrastructure; water availability; climatic conditions; soil quality; rainfall patterns; availability of financial services; access to credit; crime; and HIV/AIDS. In terms of exports, tariffs were found to be the major constraint along with certain of the abovementioned factors. While the majority of respondents view macroeconomic policy and trade policy as export constraints, South Africa’s labour, B-BBEE and competition policies are seen as neither constraining nor supportive. Product design; packaging; labelling and pricing; as well as the manager’s willingness to export; level of education and training; length of time in the business; experience; and language had a positive effect on competitive success. / Agriculture, Animal Health and Human Ecology / M. Sc. (Agriculture)

The purpose of this paper was to examine the competitiveness of the South African sugar industry relative to the top ten exporters of the product, namely Brazil, Thailand, Netherlands, Mexico, China, Germany, Canada, France, Belgium and the United States of America. Different techniques were used in the study to ensure that the main objective of the study was achieved. Three popular indices, namely the Balassa Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA#) Index, the Net Export Index (NXi) and the Relative Revealed Comparative Trade Advantage (RTA) Index were used to compare the competitiveness of the top ten sugar exporting countries including South Africa. The Trade Potential Index was also applied in the study to investigate markets that South Africa could use to increase its exports. Time series data collected on the trade map and the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations were used for the analysis of the markets by using an Excel spreadsheet. The results of the study showed that South Africa has a trade competitive advantage against the majority of the countries considered. South Africa's competitive performance was surpassed by that of Brazil, which was the strongest trader of sugar, followed by Thailand and China. The remaining seven countries (Mexico, Belgium, Netherlands, Canada, Germany, USA and China) were all exceeded by the South African sugar industry. The top potential markets that South Africa could exploit to increase its exports were identified with the use of the Trade Potential Index (TPI). The countries that were identified were selected by calculating the scores, comparing tariffs imposed by these markets to the exporters of sugar and looking at the concentration of the markets that supply these potential markets. The United States of America, Lesotho, Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi and Egypt were identified as the top five countries that South Africa could exploit for its sugar exports. South Africa has trade agreements with the majority of these countries which assist the country in obtaining preferential agreements when exporting its products to these countries. Recommendations were made that could help the sugar industry to grow its competitiveness. / Inhloso yaleliphepha bekukuhlola kuncintisana kwemboni yashukela yaseNingizimu Afrika nayicatsaniswa nebatfumeli ngaphandle labasembili labalishumi balomkhicito, lekuyiBrazil, iThailand, iNetherlands, iMexico, iChina, iGermany, iCanada, iFrance, iBelgium ne-United States of America. Kusetjentiswa emasu lahlukene kulesifundvo kucinisekisa kutsi inhloso lenkhulu yesifundvo iyaphunyelelwa. Kusetjentiswe ema-indice, lekuyi-Balassa Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA#) Index, i-Net Export Index (NXi) kanye ne-Relative Revealed Comparative Trade Advantage (RTA) Index kucatsanisa kuncintisana kwalamave lasembili lalishumi lakhicita shukela kufaka ekhatsi eNingizimu Afrika. I-Trade Potential Index nayo isetjentisiwe kulesifundvo kuphenya timakethe letingasetjentiswa yiNingizimu Afrika kute ikhulise kutfumela ngaphandle kwayo lomkhicito washukela. Idatha yeluchungechunge lwesikhatsi legcogcwe kulibalave lekuhwebelana kanye naseNhlanganweni Yekudla Neyetekulima yaMhlab'uhlangene isetjentisiswe kuloluhlatiyo lwetimakethe ngekusebentisa si-spreadsheet se-Excel. Imiphumela yesifundvo ikhombise kwekutsi iNingizimu Afrika inekusitakala ngekuncintisana ekuhwebeni nayicatsaniswa nelinyenti lalamave lamanyenti lahlatiyiwe. Kusebenta kwekuncintisana kweNingizimu Afrika kundlulwe kusebenta kweBrazil, lebeyingumhwebi lomkhulu washukela, ilandzelwe yiThailand kanye neChina. Lamave lasikhombisa lasele (iMexico, iBelgium, iNetherlands, iCanada, iGermany, i-USA neFrance) onkhe andlulwe yimboni yashukela yaseNingizimu Afrika. Timakethe letingaba khona letiphambili leti iNingizimu Afrika ingatisebentisa kukhulisa kutfumela ngaphandle kwayo tibonwe ngekusebentisa iTrade Potential Index (TPI). Emave laboniwe akhetfwe ngekubala imiphumela, kucatsanisa ematharifu lafakwe nguletimakethe kubatfumeli bangaphandle bashukela nekubuka kulokucocana kwetimakethe lephakela letimakethe letingaba khona. I-United States of America, iLesotho, iDemocratic Republic of Congo, iMalawi ne-Egypt abonwe njengemave lasembili lasihlanu langasetjentiswa yiNingizimu Afrika kutfola ngaphandle shukela wayo. INingizimu Afrika inetivumelwano tekuhwebelana nelinyenti lalamave lokusita lelive ekutfoleni tivumelwano tekubekwa ngembili nangabe kutfunyelwa ngaphandle imikhicito yayo kulamave. Tiphakamiso letingasita imboni yashukela kukhulisa kuncintisana kwayo tentiwe. / Inhloso yalo mbhalo wocwaningo kwabe kuwukucubungula nokuhlaziya amandla okuncintisana ngempumelelo kwemboni kashukela yaseNingizimu Afrika uma iqhathaniswa namazwe ayishumi ahamba phambili emhlabeni ekuthumeleni imikhiqizo kashukela emazweni angaphandle, okuyi-Brazil, Thailand, Netherlands, Mexico, China, Germany, Canada, France, Belgium kanye neMelika (USA). Kulolu cwaningo kwasetshenziswa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ngenhloso yokuqinisekisa ukufezekiswa kwenjongo enkulu yocwaningo. Kwasetshenziswa izinkomba-simo ezintathu ezidumile futhi okuyizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, okuyi-Balassa Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA#) Index, Net Export Index (NXi) kanye ne-Relative Revealed Comparative Trade Advantage (RTA) Index ukuqhathanisa amandla okuncintisana ngempumelelo kwamazwe ayishumi ahamba phambili emhlabeni ekuthumeleni ushukela emazweni angaphandle, kubandakanya neNingizimu Afrika. I-Trade Potential Index yasetshenziswa futhi nayo kulolu cwaningo ukuphenya nokucubungula izimakethe ezingasetshenziswa yiNingizimu Afrika ukukhulisa inani lemikhiqizo yayo ethunyelwa emazweni angaphandle. Idatha eqoqwe ochungechungeni lwamaqophelo alandelana ngokwesikhathi ebalazweni lokuhwebelana kanye naseNhlanganweni Yokudla NezolimoyeNhlangano Yezizwe yasetshenziselwa ukuhlaziya izimakethe ku-Excel spreadsheet. Imiphumela yocwaningo yabonisa ukuthi iNingizimu Afrika isesimweni esikahle futhi inamandla angcono okuncintisana ngempumelelo kwezohwebo uma iqhathaniswa neningi lamazwe acutshungulwayo. Amandla eNingizimu Afrika okuncintisana ngempumelelo adlulwa yilawo e-Brazil, okuyizwe elinamandla kakhulu futhi elihamba phambili kwezokuhwebelana ngoshukela, kulandele i-Thailand kanye ne-France. Imboni kashukela yaseNingizimu Afrika inamandla angaphezulu kwawo wonke lawa amanye amazwe asele ayisikhombisa (okuyi-Mexico, Belgium, Netherlands, Canada, Germany, USA kanye ne-China). Amazwe ahamba phambili angasetshenziswa yiNingizimu Afrika ekukhuphuleni umthamo wemikhiqizo yayo ethunyelwa emazweni angaphandle ahlonzwa ngokusebenzisa i-Trade Potential Index (TPI). Lawo mazwe ahlonziwe akhethwe ngokubala inani lamaphuzu, ukuqhathanisa intela yempahla ekhokhiswa yilawo mazwe emazweni angaphandle athumela ushukela kanye nokubheka ubuningi bamazwe athumela imikhiqizo yawo kulawo mazwe angasetshenziswa yiNingizimu Afrika ukukhulisa umthamo wemikhiqizo yawo ethunyelwa emazweni angaphandle. I-USA, Lesotho, Democratic Republic of Congo, Malawi kanye ne-Egypt ahlonzwa njengamazwe aphuma phambili iNingizimu Afrika engathumela kuwona ushukela. INingizimu Afrika inezivumelwano zokuhwebelana neningi lalawa mazwe, okuyizivumelwano eziyilekelelayo ekutholeni izivumelwano ezizokwenza ibhekelelwe kangcono futhi icatshangelwe uma ithumela imikhiqizo yayo kulawa mazwe angaphandle. Kwenziwa izincomo ezingayilekelela imboni kashukela ukuthi ikwazi ukukhulisa amandla ayo okuncintisana ngempumelelo. / Agriculture and  Animal Health / M. Sc. (Agriculture)