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Thesis (M.B.A.)--Boston University / PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. / 2031-01-01

Thesis (M.S.- Agricultural Economics)--University of Arizona. / Bibliography: leaves 87-89.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 335-353). Also available on the Internet.

In the Dominican Republic, the memory of the Haitian conquest and annexation of the nation from 1822 until independence on February 27, 1844, along with the solidification of the anti-Haitian nationalist rhetoric of the 1920s and 30s, have fueled deep-seated animosity toward Haitians. Many Dominicans continue to hold strong anti-Haitian attitudes, and negative views of blackness pervade much of Dominican popular discourse, as well as ideas of beauty and social propriety. Lamentably, these negative attitudes toward Haitianness, which has become synonymous with blackness and vice versa, have spread far beyond informal conversations in private households, permeating the political realm as well. Anti-Haitian attitudes have long guided government action and unofficial policy in the spheres of immigration, citizenship, and labor. Though the Dominican Constitution, prior to a 2010 reform, explicitly granted citizenship to all persons born on Dominican soil, persons of Haitian descent were routinely denied the right to citizenship, as well as the right to any forms of government-issued identification. As a result, even those born in the Dominican Republic endure the looming threat of being deported to a nation that, in some cases, they have never known. Though the common occurrence of such grave injustice is well-known within the nation, most Dominicans are apathetic. The minority of Dominicans who oppose such immoral treatment are overpowered by the vociferous anti-Haitian majority who argue that those who fail to sympathize with their views are not only un-Dominican but anti-Dominican as well. With the majority of Dominicans holding such strong, vehemently-defended views on Haitian immigration, the minority opposition is often overlooked. In this study, I will analyze information obtained from field observation and interviews with Haitian sugar cane cutters and Dominican intellectuals, as well as citizenship and immigration legislation, to provide readers with a more comprehensive view of the political, economic, and socio-cultural impact of racism and anti-Haitianism. As part of my analysis, I will examine the motivations behind and causes of contradictory citizenship and immigration policy and discriminatory interpretations of the law as it applies to Haitian-descended persons. Through this thesis, I aim to construct a new, more complex analysis of anti-Haitianism and racism to generate a more thorough understanding of contradictory Dominican immigration and citizenship policy and its impact within the Haitian-Dominican community.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to restore awareness of the Czech sugar industry tradition. For this intention I chose Nymburk sugar factory in an era, when one of the most important personas of Czech sugar industry Hanuš Karlík was its director. The thesis consists of a brief introduction to the history of Czech sugar industry, where the establishment of Nymburk sugar factory is set, followed by a description of the period when Hanuš Karlík was the director and how his administration influenced both Nymburk sugar factory and sugar industry in general. In the conclusion, there is a view on the sugar factory after Karlík left and the fate of the sugar factory that led to an infamous end. The work is primarly based on local archival sources, memoirs and newspappers. Several books about the history of Nymburk and about common history of sugar industry are used to set the topic in a wider historical context.

Orientadores: Mauro José Andrade Tereso, Roberto Funes Abrahão / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T15:48:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Risk_EloahNazareVarjaldeMelo_D.pdf: 1920662 bytes, checksum: 2001d109117075fa3e6b4c40c4e34adb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar como se deu a passagem da situação do Bóia-Fria na condição de trabalhador-morador para trabalhador-credor, a partir das mudanças operadas nas condições de trabalho, quando da institucionalização da CLT - Consolidação das Leis Trabalhistas - como Regime de Trabalho e suas consequências. A análise histórica foi desenvolvida com foco nos Engenhos de cana-de-açúcar do Estado de Pernambuco. A pesquisa, numa abordagem sócio-antropológica permitiu conhecer a gênese do Bóia-Fria, desde o período do Brasil Colônia até os dias atuais, onde se desenvolveram suas relações sociais e de trabalho, suas lutas pela sobrevivência e reconhecimento social. Permitiu ainda, conhecer com base nos fundamentos da Ergonomia, o trabalho desenvolvido pelo Bóia-Fria nas perspectivas física, psicológica e cognitiva, cujos resultados apontam para uma categoria de trabalhador rural em vias de extinção em decorrência do avanço da mecanização no corte da cana. O alto índice de analfabetismo se apresenta como um vetor natural para o aproveitamento dessa categoria em outras atividades que não sejam àquelas relacionadas ao cultivo e corte da cana-de-açúcar, o que sinaliza grande dificuldade de inserção social e mudança qualitativa de vida / Abstract: The present work had as the main goal to analyse the shifting condition of the part time workers ("bóia-fria") due to the creation of the labour law (CLT - Consolidação das Leis Trabalhistas) and the consequences, when he abandons the farm as his place of living. The historical analysis was developed aiming the sugar cane production and processing system in the state of Pernambuco. Through a social anthropological approach, this research tried to understand the origin of the part time workers ("bóia-fria") since when Brazil was a colony to nowadays, how the working conditions and social relations had developed and changed, and their survival struggle and social acknowledgement. This work also investigated, based on the Ergonomics basics, the work developed by the part time workers ("bóia-fria"), in physical, psychological and cognitive viewpoints. The results point to a rural worker category close to extinction due to the advancement of the mechanization of the sugar cane harvesting. The high index of illiteracy presents itself as a natural vector to the reapplication of this category in other activities not related to sugar cane harvesting, pointing a great difficult of social insertion and qualitative chance of life / Doutorado / Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola

<p>The Sugar Industry in Fiji is facing a lot of problems. Since the Government of Fiji has not fulfilled their commitments to the European Union (EU), the EU has backed away from supporting the industry. The milling efficiency has been constantly declining since the mid 1980’s and farm productivities have not kept pace with the changing international market for sugar. To be able to obtain the economies of scale, the sugar production in Fiji has to increase with 75 % from the current level of production. A lot of towns in Fiji would be nothing without the Sugar Industry, and thousands of people are dependent on the industry for their sustenance. Due to this fact, it is certain that the loss of confidence in the industry, or any likely collapse, would imply disaster for Fiji as a whole. It will lead to serious implications on the economic, social and political stability of Fiji.</p><p>The overall aim of this thesis is to study the effects of the EU measures especially on the Sugar Industry in Fiji, to be able to understand to which extent the industry depends on the support from the EU. The aim is also to analyse and discuss different competition strategies on how Fiji can compete and be a part of the global market of sugar.</p><p>This research was made from a qualitative approach in order to gain a deeper understanding about the problem. Abduction made it possible to work parallel with different parts of the thesis. A combination of primary and secondary data gathering has been used, with the secondary data as a basis for building the empirical part of the thesis. The primary data was collected through in-depth interviews with people at different positions within the Sugar Industry in Fiji.</p><p>Fiji is dependent on the Sugar Industry and since there is no other obvious donor for Fiji today, and it is crucial that the industry gets support, the conclusion is that Fiji also is dependent on the support from the EU. Even though Fiji has the possibility to increase their competitiveness on the regional as well as on the international market, there is no need for Fiji to strive after the world market at the moment.</p>

A proposta do presente estudo é de contribuir para o conhecimento das estratégias competitivas genéricas. Para isto, tem como objetivo analisar a natureza das estratégias competitivas genéricas em suas principais dimensões relevantes a fim de compreender melhor seu papel, sua importância e sua aplicação no processo estratégico das empresas. Estratégias genéricas já eram conhecidas desde a década de 1960, mas a partir do livro de Michael E. Porter de 1980, Estratégia Competitiva, o tema ganhou grande impulso por meio de pesquisas, da literatura, do ensino e da prática. Constitui uma questão referente ao conteúdo e que importa ao processo estratégico das empresas na medida em que pode vir a possibilitar melhores decisões a fim de atingir seus objetivos e sua adequação ao ambiente de atuação em busca de um desempenho organizacional superior. Entretanto, os diversos aspectos relevantes acerca do tema encontram-se, de forma geral, dispersos na literatura da administração estratégica, carecendo de uma abordagem abrangente e estruturada que explore suas diversas dimensões de forma ampla e consolidada para compreender suas relações e sua amplitude para uma aplicação mais consciente e eficaz no processo estratégico das empresas. Para atingir seus objetivos, este estudo utiliza-se de uma pesquisa do tipo exploratória, de natureza qualitativa, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. São estudados aspectos como a evolução do conceito, sua natureza e características principais, aplicações, tipologias mais proeminentes, riscos, requisitos à implementação, utilização de estratégias combinadas, generalização e contingencialidade, papel, importância e críticas ao conceito. Para aprofundar o estudo, complementá-lo e enriquecê-lo, é realizada uma pesquisa de campo por meio de um estudo de caso único e holístico a fim de investigar a aplicação do conceito em uma empresa da indústria brasileira de açúcar. Os resultados indicam que o conceito de estratégias competitivas genéricas surge na Nova América S.A. ? Agroenergia principalmente sob a forma de estratégia de diferenciação, desenvolvimento de mercados e desenvolvimento de produtos, e exerce no processo estratégico da empresa os papéis de direcionador organizacional e facilitador do processo de tomada de decisão estratégica. A Nova América S.A. ? Agroenergia, entretanto, aplica de maneira limitada o conceito de estratégias competitivas genéricas, basicamente na elaboração de alternativas estratégicas, mas este conceito assume importância em razão de contribuir para o posicionamento na indústria brasileira de açúcar e em fornecer alternativas de caminhos possíveis sobre como competir para um desempenho organizacional superior. A fundamentação teórica auxilia no esclarecimento da natureza, dos diferentes papéis desempenhados, das aplicações e da importância do conceito de estratégias competitivas genéricas para o processo estratégico das empresas. O estudo conclui que a abordagem do conceito não pode estar desvinculada de suas diferentes dimensões, relações e implicações para uma melhor compreensão do tema e sugere ainda a adequação das técnicas de identificação e classificação estratégica levantadas, analisadas e utilizadas nesta pesquisa. O enfoque abrangente e estruturado desta dissertação pode vir a ser utilizado como ponto de partida para estudos posteriores sobre o fenômeno das estratégias competitivas genéricas bem como servir de fonte de referência para empresas e seus altos administradores a fim de apoiar e aprimorar seu processo de tomada de decisão estratégica. / The proposal of this study is to contribute for the acknowledgment of the competitive generic strategies. So its aim is to analyze the nature of the competitive generic strategies into their main dimensions in order to understand better their role, their importance, and their application onto the strategic process of the organizations. Generic strategies have ever been known since the 1960?s, but from Michael E. Porter?s book in 1980, Competitive Strategy, this theme has been developed through researches, literature, teaching, and practice. It makes up an issue to the content and that matters to the strategic process of the organizations regarding the possibility of better decisions intended to reach their goals and their fitness to the present environment seeking a superior organizational performance. However, the various relevant features as to the theme are generally found throughout the strategic management literature, dependent of a larger and structured approach which explores its main dimensions in a broad and consolidated way, in order to understand its relations and width for a more conscious and effective application into the strategic process of the organizations. This study uses an exploratory research of qualitative nature to achieve its goals, by a bibliographic survey. Consequently, some aspects are studied such as concept evolution, its nature and main features, applications, more important typologies, risks, requisites for the implementation, use of combined strategies, generalization and contingency, role, importance and critics to the concept. To get a deeper study, complement and enrich it, this work was carried out in a field research through a unique and holistic case study, in order to investigate the concept application into a company of the Brazilian sugar industry. The results demonstrate that the concept of generic competitive strategies comes out in Nova América S.A. ? Agroenergia chiefly dressed of differentiation strategy, market development and product development, and has been exercising the roles of organizational leader and facilitator of strategic decision taking process, in the strategic process of the company. Nevertheless Nova América S.A. ? Agroenergia have limitedly applied the generic competitive strategies concept basically in the elaboration of the strategic alternatives, but this concept assumes importance for contributing to positioning in the Brazilian sugar industry, and in offering alternatives of feasible ways on how to compete to a superior organizational performance. The theoretical survey supports the enlightenment of the nature, of the different roles performed, of the applications and of the importance of the concept of generic competitive strategies for the strategic process of the organizations. This study concludes that the approach cannot be disassociated from its various dimensions, relations, and issues for a better understanding of the theme, and we still have the utility and fitness of the techniques of identification and found strategic classification, analyzed and applied into this research. So, the large and structured focus of this dissertation may come to be used as the beginning point for later studies on the phenomenon of the generic competitive strategies as well as source of references for companies and their top management team in order to support and improve their strategic decision taking process.

L'objectif de cette étude est de démontrer le poids des entreprises sucrières dans l'histoire de la Guadeloupe. Installées puis maintenues par la France, elles retardent l'aménagement d'un espace public comme l'apprentissage de la notion de service public, invitant à qualifier ce territoire d'île entreprise. Incarnée par le groupe d'entrepreneurs qui les administrent localement des années 1930 aux années 1960, la domination de l'industrie sucrière repose sur l'héritage de l'île à sucre, qui constitue sa force par l'ancienneté de l'activité autant que sa faiblesse par les stigmates de l'esclavage qui pèsent sur les relations entrepreneuriales. Constitué dans les années 1930, quand l’État colonial fait dépendre l'économie de son activité sucrière, le groupe patronal de la Guadeloupe la transforme en île du sucre, dépendante de l'exportation de sa monoculture cannière. En grande partie interrompue par le second conflit mondial, l'exportation stoppée n'empêche pas l'industrie sucrière de perdurer sur une île désormais île à stocks, mettant en évidence l'absurdité du système économique. Confortés par la colonisation, les mêmes entrepreneurs sucriers s'activent encore dans le nouveau département après 1946 et confirment son statut d' île-entreprise. La déprise des entreprises sucrières coïncide avec la cessation d'activité professionnelle de la plupart des acteurs qui les ont faites vivre, laissant le champs libre à un apprentissage du service public par le territoire à partir de la fin des années 1960 / The objective of this study is to demonstrate the importance of sugar companies in Guadeloupe's history. Established and then maintained by France, they delay the development of a public space as well as the apprenticeship in the concept of public service, thus inviting to qualify this territory as an enterprise island. Embodied by the group of entrepreneurs who administer them locally from the 1930s to the 1960s, the domination of the sugar industry is based on the sugar island's legacy, which constitutes its strength through its long-standing activity as much as its weakness by the stigma of slavery that weighs on entrepreneurial relations. Created in the 1930s, when the colonial state made the economy dependent on its sugar industry, the Guadeloupe employers' group transformed it into a island for sugar, dependent on the export of its sugar cane monoculture. The disruption of exports during the Second World War does not hinder the sugar industry from surviving on an island now a stockpile island, highlighting the absurdity of the economic system. Having been comforted by colonization, the same sugar entrepreneurs are still active after the island becomes a french department in 1946 and confirms its status as an enterprise island. The decline of sugar companies coincides with the cessation of the professional activity of most of the actors who made them live, leaving the field open to a public service apprenticeship by the territory from the late 1960s onwards